This document discusses software systems and applications. It defines systems software as programs that coordinate hardware and support application programs. Application software helps users solve problems. There are three approaches to developing applications: build proprietary software, buy off-the-shelf programs, or customize existing programs. The document outlines operating systems, programming languages, and trends like software bugs and licensing issues.
The document discusses key concepts about software, including the differences between systems software and application software, popular operating systems, programming languages, and software issues. It covers how operating systems control hardware and interface with applications, defines software types like proprietary and open-source, and examines trends such as global software support.
This document provides an overview of different types of software, including:
1. Systems software such as operating systems, utility programs, and middleware that allow hardware and applications to work together.
2. Application software including personal productivity software for tasks like taxes and budgets, as well as enterprise-level software for organizations.
3. Popular current operating systems for personal computers, workgroups, and specialized devices from Microsoft, Apple, and Linux.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Chapter 5 - System ...yaminohime
Objectives
- Understand the difference between system software and application software.
- Explain the different functions of an operating system and discuss some ways that operating systems can enhance processing efficiency.
- List several ways in which operating systems differ from one another.
- Name today’s most widely used operating systems for personal computers and servers.
-State several devices other than personal computers and servers that require an operating system and list one possible operating system for each type of device.
- Discuss the role of utility programs and outline several tasks these programs perform.
- Describe what the operating systems of the future might be like.
Computer software refers to a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks and comes in two types: systems software and applications software. Systems software includes operating systems, which control computer operations and manage resources, and development programs, which help create application software. Popular operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX.
The document discusses system software, including operating systems and utility programs. It begins by explaining the differences between system software and application software. It then describes the functions of operating systems such as interfacing with users, booting the computer, configuring devices, managing resources and jobs, file management, security, and increasing efficiency through techniques like multitasking. Popular desktop operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and mobile operating systems are also outlined. The document concludes by describing the roles of various utility programs that perform tasks like file management, searching, and disk management.
1. The document discusses different types of computer software, including system software and application software.
2. System software includes operating systems, utilities, device drivers, and BIOS, which help coordinate the activities of hardware and other programs. Popular operating systems discussed are Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX/Linux.
3. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases, communication, and multimedia. The document provides examples of common application software.
This chapter discusses system software, operating systems, and utility programs. It defines system software as programs that control the computer system, including the operating system and utility programs. The operating system manages resources and coordinates activities within the computer. It discusses functions of operating systems like interfacing with users, booting the computer, managing resources and jobs, file management, and security. It also covers processing techniques to improve efficiency like multitasking, multiprocessing, and virtual memory. The chapter lists popular operating systems for personal computers like Windows and Mac OS X, and server operating systems like Windows Server. It outlines differences among operating systems and possible future developments.
This document provides an overview of hardware and software components. It discusses:
1) The main hardware components of a computer including the CPU, memory, and secondary storage devices. The CPU contains the ALU, control unit, and registers. Memory provides temporary storage and comes in RAM and ROM types.
2) Software includes systems software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software. Operating systems manage hardware resources, provide user interfaces, and perform tasks like memory management. Application software interacts with the operating system to help users perform tasks.
3) Emerging trends in technology including multiprocessing, cloud computing, mobile apps, and software as a service. These trends allow for increased processing power, flexible
The document discusses key concepts about software, including the differences between systems software and application software, popular operating systems, programming languages, and software issues. It covers how operating systems control hardware and interface with applications, defines software types like proprietary and open-source, and examines trends such as global software support.
This document provides an overview of different types of software, including:
1. Systems software such as operating systems, utility programs, and middleware that allow hardware and applications to work together.
2. Application software including personal productivity software for tasks like taxes and budgets, as well as enterprise-level software for organizations.
3. Popular current operating systems for personal computers, workgroups, and specialized devices from Microsoft, Apple, and Linux.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Chapter 5 - System ...yaminohime
Objectives
- Understand the difference between system software and application software.
- Explain the different functions of an operating system and discuss some ways that operating systems can enhance processing efficiency.
- List several ways in which operating systems differ from one another.
- Name today’s most widely used operating systems for personal computers and servers.
-State several devices other than personal computers and servers that require an operating system and list one possible operating system for each type of device.
- Discuss the role of utility programs and outline several tasks these programs perform.
- Describe what the operating systems of the future might be like.
Computer software refers to a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks and comes in two types: systems software and applications software. Systems software includes operating systems, which control computer operations and manage resources, and development programs, which help create application software. Popular operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX.
The document discusses system software, including operating systems and utility programs. It begins by explaining the differences between system software and application software. It then describes the functions of operating systems such as interfacing with users, booting the computer, configuring devices, managing resources and jobs, file management, security, and increasing efficiency through techniques like multitasking. Popular desktop operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and mobile operating systems are also outlined. The document concludes by describing the roles of various utility programs that perform tasks like file management, searching, and disk management.
1. The document discusses different types of computer software, including system software and application software.
2. System software includes operating systems, utilities, device drivers, and BIOS, which help coordinate the activities of hardware and other programs. Popular operating systems discussed are Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX/Linux.
3. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases, communication, and multimedia. The document provides examples of common application software.
This chapter discusses system software, operating systems, and utility programs. It defines system software as programs that control the computer system, including the operating system and utility programs. The operating system manages resources and coordinates activities within the computer. It discusses functions of operating systems like interfacing with users, booting the computer, managing resources and jobs, file management, and security. It also covers processing techniques to improve efficiency like multitasking, multiprocessing, and virtual memory. The chapter lists popular operating systems for personal computers like Windows and Mac OS X, and server operating systems like Windows Server. It outlines differences among operating systems and possible future developments.
This document provides an overview of hardware and software components. It discusses:
1) The main hardware components of a computer including the CPU, memory, and secondary storage devices. The CPU contains the ALU, control unit, and registers. Memory provides temporary storage and comes in RAM and ROM types.
2) Software includes systems software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software. Operating systems manage hardware resources, provide user interfaces, and perform tasks like memory management. Application software interacts with the operating system to help users perform tasks.
3) Emerging trends in technology including multiprocessing, cloud computing, mobile apps, and software as a service. These trends allow for increased processing power, flexible
The document discusses various topics related to information technology including hardware, software, data storage, computer components, and networking. It provides details on CPUs, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and networking infrastructure. Examples of hardware, software, and components needed for a small business IT system are listed. Benefits of IT and open source software are mentioned. Basic computer architecture and components like the CPU, memory, and storage are defined.
This chapter discusses databases and database management systems. It defines what a database is and the key components like tables, records, and fields. Relational databases are discussed in detail including how they are designed, created, and maintained using SQL queries and reports. Database classifications like single-user, multi-user, client-server and distributed models are covered. Common database models like hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and hybrid models are described. The chapter concludes with how databases are widely used on the web for e-commerce, dynamic content, and personalized experiences.
This document provides an overview and objectives for Chapter 1 of the textbook "Guide to Operating Systems". It discusses basic operating system concepts like kernels, resource managers, device drivers, and applications. It covers the history of operating system development from early mainframes to modern desktop and server OSs. It also differentiates between single-tasking and multitasking systems as well as single-user and multiuser OSs. Current common operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are also listed.
The document discusses operating systems, including their definition, structure, features, types, advantages and disadvantages. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware resources. Operating systems provide a user interface, coordinate tasks, establish internet connections and more. They have a kernel at the core and a user interface. Features include being graphical, supporting multiple users, tasks, processors and threads. Types include standalone, server and embedded operating systems. The best operating systems of 2013 are discussed as Ubuntu, Windows 8, Macintosh, Windows 7 and Linux Mint.
This document provides an overview of operating systems and utility programs. It defines an operating system as software that coordinates computer hardware resources and includes functions like booting a computer, providing a user interface, managing memory, and connecting to the internet. The document discusses types of operating systems like stand-alone systems, server systems, and embedded systems. It also summarizes several popular operating systems and describes the purpose of utility programs that assist with tasks like compressing files, playing media, and cleaning viruses.
Chapter 05 os dan utility program csc & ttsHisyam Rosly
The document defines an operating system and describes the main types - stand-alone, server, and embedded. It explains the core functions of operating systems like booting, user interface, memory management. It also summarizes several popular stand-alone systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux and server systems like Windows Server, Solaris. Finally, it outlines common utility programs that support operating systems like file managers, disk cleaners, antivirus software.
The document discusses key components and concepts related to operating system structures. It describes common system components like process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and more. It then provides more details on specific topics like the role of processes, main memory management, file systems, I/O systems, secondary storage, networking, protection systems, and command interpreters in operating systems. Finally, it discusses operating system services, system calls, and how parameters are passed between programs and the operating system.
Computer software includes application software and system software. Application software helps users perform tasks like word processing, while system software like operating systems control hardware resources and enable applications to run. There are two types of application software - general purpose software designed for widespread use, and special purpose software customized for specific needs. System software includes operating systems, language translators, editors, utilities, and drivers that allow software and hardware to communicate.
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their features, functions, and examples of popular operating systems. It discusses how operating systems manage system resources, peripheral devices, memory, jobs, and security. Examples of operating systems mentioned include Windows, DOS, UNIX, Mac, Linux, and various versions of Windows. The document also outlines functions of operating systems like input/output management, memory management, file management, virtual storage, and security.
An operating system (OS) manages application programs and hardware devices. It determines which applications run and in what order, manages memory sharing between applications, and handles input/output to hardware. Popular desktop OSs include Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Batch systems run jobs non-interactively while time-sharing systems allow interactive use by multiple users simultaneously. Distributed, network, real-time, and embedded OSs are designed for specialized environments. A library OS provides typical OS services as libraries to compose with applications.
Selecting and Installing Operating SystemAmir Villas
The document provides an overview of installing and troubleshooting various Windows operating systems, including DOS, Windows 3.1, 95/98/Me, NT/2000/XP. It discusses selecting an OS based on system requirements, starting the setup program from various sources, planning for upgrades or clean installs, and addressing common installation problems like hardware incompatibilities or errors reading from the installation media.
very helpful presentation for students who are dealing with network and operating system have a brief introduction about linux and installation of ubuntu and windows Server.I hope you like it.
This chapter discusses file systems used by various operating systems. It describes the basic functions of file systems including organizing files into directories, establishing naming conventions, and providing file integrity and security. It then covers the file systems used by Windows (FAT16, FAT32, FAT64, NTFS), UNIX/Linux (ufs, ext), and Mac OS X (HFS+). The key components and features of these various file systems are outlined.
The document provides guidance on installing and upgrading operating systems. It discusses preparing for installation by checking hardware compatibility and obtaining necessary drivers. The installation process typically involves gathering system information, loading the installation program, configuring devices, copying files, and restarting. Migrating to a new OS may require upgrading existing systems or performing a clean installation, and it is best to test the process first on a representative computer before deploying widely. Training users is also recommended when transitioning to a new desktop operating system.
This document provides an overview of essential computer concepts, including the components of a computer system, types of computers, input and output devices, data representation and storage, networking, security threats, system software, and popular application software. It describes the basic hardware and software components that make up a computer system and how they work together, along with common peripheral devices, file formats, and network technologies. The document is intended to introduce foundational computer literacy topics.
This document provides guidance on standard operating and maintenance procedures for file systems. It discusses file system maintenance techniques, such as creating an organized directory structure, finding and deleting unused files on a regular basis, and performing disk maintenance like defragmenting to optimize performance. Backup plans and software installation procedures are also covered. The document provides examples of directory structures and maintenance tasks for different operating systems including Windows, Linux/UNIX, and Mac OS X.
The document discusses different types of operating systems including desktop, departmental, and enterprise operating systems. It describes the key functions of an operating system as acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to provide an efficient environment to run programs. Examples are given of different categories of operating systems based on the number of users supported and level of sophistication, including desktop systems for single users, departmental systems for dozens to hundreds of users, and enterprise systems for thousands of users.
The document provides an overview of operating systems. It begins with definitions of an operating system and its roles in providing resources to users and applications and coordinating access to resources. It then discusses operating system concepts like process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and protection systems. It outlines the evolution of operating systems from early batch systems to modern networked and distributed systems. It also discusses different operating system structures like kernel-based approaches, layered approaches, and virtual machine approaches.
Chinese art traditions date back to 10,000 BCE and include Neolithic pottery decorated with geometric designs and jade artifacts carved into ritual objects like discs and axes. Bronze casting developed between 1300-900 BCE where liquid metal was poured into molds to create artifacts. A rich source of early Chinese art was also the Chu culture along the Yangtze River valley from 722-481 BCE, which produced painted wooden sculptures, jade disks, and lacquerware uncovered in tombs. Southern China contains a diversity of ethnic cultures, alive traditions, and breathtaking natural scenery that provide a new perspective on Chinese art and history.
The Cup that Cheers: Journey of Tea from China to Europe.teatrunk
This document discusses the history and culture of tea around the world, including its origins in China, traditions in Japan like the tea ceremony, how it spread along the Ancient Tea Horse Road, and customs in countries like Russia, India, and England. It also mentions Jane Austen's fondness for tea and includes some quotes from her novels about tea drinking.
This document provides an overview of Chinese art history from prehistoric to modern times. It discusses the main cultural centers and influences in China including Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Key periods mentioned include the Shang Dynasty where bronze ritual vessels were produced, the Zhou Dynasty where jade carvings became important, the Qin Dynasty known for the Terracotta Army, and the Han Dynasty where the earliest stone bas-reliefs emerged. The document also provides a timeline of Chinese dynasties and selected artwork from different periods.
The South China Sea Dispute – An Update, Lecture Delivered on April 23, 2015 at a forum sponsored by the Bureau of Treasury and the Asian Institute of Journalism and Communications at the Ayuntamiento de Manila
Lecture South China Sea an Update 23 April 2015 Ayuntamiento de Manila BADGE
Download (PDF, 11.06MB)
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The document discusses various topics related to information technology including hardware, software, data storage, computer components, and networking. It provides details on CPUs, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and networking infrastructure. Examples of hardware, software, and components needed for a small business IT system are listed. Benefits of IT and open source software are mentioned. Basic computer architecture and components like the CPU, memory, and storage are defined.
This chapter discusses databases and database management systems. It defines what a database is and the key components like tables, records, and fields. Relational databases are discussed in detail including how they are designed, created, and maintained using SQL queries and reports. Database classifications like single-user, multi-user, client-server and distributed models are covered. Common database models like hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and hybrid models are described. The chapter concludes with how databases are widely used on the web for e-commerce, dynamic content, and personalized experiences.
This document provides an overview and objectives for Chapter 1 of the textbook "Guide to Operating Systems". It discusses basic operating system concepts like kernels, resource managers, device drivers, and applications. It covers the history of operating system development from early mainframes to modern desktop and server OSs. It also differentiates between single-tasking and multitasking systems as well as single-user and multiuser OSs. Current common operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are also listed.
The document discusses operating systems, including their definition, structure, features, types, advantages and disadvantages. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware resources. Operating systems provide a user interface, coordinate tasks, establish internet connections and more. They have a kernel at the core and a user interface. Features include being graphical, supporting multiple users, tasks, processors and threads. Types include standalone, server and embedded operating systems. The best operating systems of 2013 are discussed as Ubuntu, Windows 8, Macintosh, Windows 7 and Linux Mint.
This document provides an overview of operating systems and utility programs. It defines an operating system as software that coordinates computer hardware resources and includes functions like booting a computer, providing a user interface, managing memory, and connecting to the internet. The document discusses types of operating systems like stand-alone systems, server systems, and embedded systems. It also summarizes several popular operating systems and describes the purpose of utility programs that assist with tasks like compressing files, playing media, and cleaning viruses.
Chapter 05 os dan utility program csc & ttsHisyam Rosly
The document defines an operating system and describes the main types - stand-alone, server, and embedded. It explains the core functions of operating systems like booting, user interface, memory management. It also summarizes several popular stand-alone systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux and server systems like Windows Server, Solaris. Finally, it outlines common utility programs that support operating systems like file managers, disk cleaners, antivirus software.
The document discusses key components and concepts related to operating system structures. It describes common system components like process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and more. It then provides more details on specific topics like the role of processes, main memory management, file systems, I/O systems, secondary storage, networking, protection systems, and command interpreters in operating systems. Finally, it discusses operating system services, system calls, and how parameters are passed between programs and the operating system.
Computer software includes application software and system software. Application software helps users perform tasks like word processing, while system software like operating systems control hardware resources and enable applications to run. There are two types of application software - general purpose software designed for widespread use, and special purpose software customized for specific needs. System software includes operating systems, language translators, editors, utilities, and drivers that allow software and hardware to communicate.
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their features, functions, and examples of popular operating systems. It discusses how operating systems manage system resources, peripheral devices, memory, jobs, and security. Examples of operating systems mentioned include Windows, DOS, UNIX, Mac, Linux, and various versions of Windows. The document also outlines functions of operating systems like input/output management, memory management, file management, virtual storage, and security.
An operating system (OS) manages application programs and hardware devices. It determines which applications run and in what order, manages memory sharing between applications, and handles input/output to hardware. Popular desktop OSs include Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Batch systems run jobs non-interactively while time-sharing systems allow interactive use by multiple users simultaneously. Distributed, network, real-time, and embedded OSs are designed for specialized environments. A library OS provides typical OS services as libraries to compose with applications.
Selecting and Installing Operating SystemAmir Villas
The document provides an overview of installing and troubleshooting various Windows operating systems, including DOS, Windows 3.1, 95/98/Me, NT/2000/XP. It discusses selecting an OS based on system requirements, starting the setup program from various sources, planning for upgrades or clean installs, and addressing common installation problems like hardware incompatibilities or errors reading from the installation media.
very helpful presentation for students who are dealing with network and operating system have a brief introduction about linux and installation of ubuntu and windows Server.I hope you like it.
This chapter discusses file systems used by various operating systems. It describes the basic functions of file systems including organizing files into directories, establishing naming conventions, and providing file integrity and security. It then covers the file systems used by Windows (FAT16, FAT32, FAT64, NTFS), UNIX/Linux (ufs, ext), and Mac OS X (HFS+). The key components and features of these various file systems are outlined.
The document provides guidance on installing and upgrading operating systems. It discusses preparing for installation by checking hardware compatibility and obtaining necessary drivers. The installation process typically involves gathering system information, loading the installation program, configuring devices, copying files, and restarting. Migrating to a new OS may require upgrading existing systems or performing a clean installation, and it is best to test the process first on a representative computer before deploying widely. Training users is also recommended when transitioning to a new desktop operating system.
This document provides an overview of essential computer concepts, including the components of a computer system, types of computers, input and output devices, data representation and storage, networking, security threats, system software, and popular application software. It describes the basic hardware and software components that make up a computer system and how they work together, along with common peripheral devices, file formats, and network technologies. The document is intended to introduce foundational computer literacy topics.
This document provides guidance on standard operating and maintenance procedures for file systems. It discusses file system maintenance techniques, such as creating an organized directory structure, finding and deleting unused files on a regular basis, and performing disk maintenance like defragmenting to optimize performance. Backup plans and software installation procedures are also covered. The document provides examples of directory structures and maintenance tasks for different operating systems including Windows, Linux/UNIX, and Mac OS X.
The document discusses different types of operating systems including desktop, departmental, and enterprise operating systems. It describes the key functions of an operating system as acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to provide an efficient environment to run programs. Examples are given of different categories of operating systems based on the number of users supported and level of sophistication, including desktop systems for single users, departmental systems for dozens to hundreds of users, and enterprise systems for thousands of users.
The document provides an overview of operating systems. It begins with definitions of an operating system and its roles in providing resources to users and applications and coordinating access to resources. It then discusses operating system concepts like process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and protection systems. It outlines the evolution of operating systems from early batch systems to modern networked and distributed systems. It also discusses different operating system structures like kernel-based approaches, layered approaches, and virtual machine approaches.
Chinese art traditions date back to 10,000 BCE and include Neolithic pottery decorated with geometric designs and jade artifacts carved into ritual objects like discs and axes. Bronze casting developed between 1300-900 BCE where liquid metal was poured into molds to create artifacts. A rich source of early Chinese art was also the Chu culture along the Yangtze River valley from 722-481 BCE, which produced painted wooden sculptures, jade disks, and lacquerware uncovered in tombs. Southern China contains a diversity of ethnic cultures, alive traditions, and breathtaking natural scenery that provide a new perspective on Chinese art and history.
The Cup that Cheers: Journey of Tea from China to Europe.teatrunk
This document discusses the history and culture of tea around the world, including its origins in China, traditions in Japan like the tea ceremony, how it spread along the Ancient Tea Horse Road, and customs in countries like Russia, India, and England. It also mentions Jane Austen's fondness for tea and includes some quotes from her novels about tea drinking.
This document provides an overview of Chinese art history from prehistoric to modern times. It discusses the main cultural centers and influences in China including Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Key periods mentioned include the Shang Dynasty where bronze ritual vessels were produced, the Zhou Dynasty where jade carvings became important, the Qin Dynasty known for the Terracotta Army, and the Han Dynasty where the earliest stone bas-reliefs emerged. The document also provides a timeline of Chinese dynasties and selected artwork from different periods.
The South China Sea Dispute – An Update, Lecture Delivered on April 23, 2015 at a forum sponsored by the Bureau of Treasury and the Asian Institute of Journalism and Communications at the Ayuntamiento de Manila
Lecture South China Sea an Update 23 April 2015 Ayuntamiento de Manila BADGE
Download (PDF, 11.06MB)
Post navigation
← Capsule Cartographic Exhibit and Lecture Photo Gallery 23 April 2015 Ayuntamiento de Manila AFP denies China warship fired at PAF plane over Pag-asa Island →
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1. Ancient Chinese architecture, such as the Great Wall and Forbidden City, reflects traditional Chinese pursuits of symmetry and harmony with nature.
2. Beijing Opera combines drama, music, costumes, and facial makeup into a unique performance art rooted in Chinese culture.
3. Chinese Kung Fu aims for balance and prevention of conflict rather than competition, as exemplified by the spiritual and martial traditions of Shaolin Kung Fu.
'Around the world in eight teas' by Tea Trunk at The Goa Projectteatrunk
We all know tea in one avatar that’s “chai”, but different cultures around the world celebrate tea in such unique ways. At this workshop, I take you on a whirlwind tour of eight countries around the world while we taste and explore their story of tea.
Read more here - http://funnel.thegoaproject.com/workshops/83-around-the-world-in-eight-teas
Chinese art has a long history dating back to 10,000 BC consisting of pottery and sculptures. Major dynasties like Qin, Han, and Tang shaped Chinese art with developments in sculpture, painting, calligraphy, and ceramics. Famous artists from different dynasties like Gu Kaizhi and Dong Yuan were renowned painters, while Wang Xizhi and Wei Shuo produced famous calligraphy works. In modern times, comics and contemporary art have grown as new forms of Chinese art. Traditional art forms like mountain-water paintings reflecting Daoist principles of yin and yang also remain influential today.
Chinese art and painting places great emphasis on nature, balance, and harmony between humanity and the natural world. Landscape painting is considered the highest form, and paintings often feature landscapes, flowers, birds, and other natural subjects. Key principles that guide Chinese painting include observing rhythm and movement in nature, using space and brushwork effectively, and drawing from artistic traditions. Calligraphy, paper cutting, kite making, and knot tying are examples of Chinese folk art forms that live on today.
The document discusses the characteristics and history of art in China and India from early periods through various dynasties. In China, early art included pottery and jade from the Neolithic period. Significant artistic developments occurred during the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty. In India, early petroglyphs date back thousands of years, with sculpture, painting, architecture, and other art forms influenced by religion and politics evolving over millennia. Major sites like the Taj Mahal exemplify the pinnacle of each country's artistic heritage.
The document provides an overview of Chinese culture, including:
1. China has over 1.4 billion people from 56 ethnic groups, with the largest being the Han people who live in eastern China.
2. The three main religions in China are Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, which have influenced Chinese philosophy and way of life.
3. Traditional Chinese arts include calligraphy, painting, pottery, silk, and architecture. Paintings often feature nature and calligraphy commenting on the artwork.
China has a long and rich history spanning thousands of years. Some of the earliest dynasties include the Xia Dynasty around 2100 BC, noted for developing agriculture and early writing, and the Shang Dynasty from 1700-1100 BC, known for using oracle bones for divination. The Zhou Dynasty from 1100-221 BC saw the development of iron tools, money, and written laws. Confucius lived during this period and his teachings became China's dominant philosophy. Later dynasties like the Tang Dynasty from 618-907 AD and Han Dynasty from 206 BC - 220 AD were periods of cultural and economic prosperity, as well as influence on neighboring regions like Japan and introduction of Buddhism to China.
China ,chinese language & chinese culturelearnerashish
The document provides information about China, the Chinese language, and Chinese culture. It notes that China has a population of over 1 billion people and borders many countries in Eastern Asia. It also discusses the main ethnic group, the Han Chinese, as well as China's ethnic and religious diversity. Additionally, it summarizes some key aspects of Chinese culture like cuisine, literature, architecture, music, and the Chinese language itself including its writing system and dialects like Mandarin.
This was the front end to a business presentation that we created for a eventwhere the speaker really needed to grab the audiences attention and make a memorable speech and presentation. We added this front end of China facts to inject interest and discussion for the presentation. It was also the only presentation to do this and made the speaker professional and engaged the audience from the start.
China has the world's largest population with over 1.3 billion people, representing 20% of the global population. It has one of the oldest civilizations and will become the fourth largest economy in the world within three years. China experiences diverse climate ranging from tropical to subarctic and has faced challenges such as pollution, dynastic cycles, and political movements like the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square protests.
Chinese culture has a long history spanning over 5,000 years. It has been shaped by major philosophies like Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Chinese culture places great importance on relationships, etiquette, and saving face. Key aspects of Chinese business culture include the importance of guanxi or relationships, avoiding direct rejections, and gift giving customs. Chinese cuisine also varies greatly across its eight major regional styles.
China is the third largest country by area, with a population of over 1.3 billion people, most of whom are Han Chinese. It has a long history dating back over 5,000 years and is comprised of 56 recognized ethnic groups. Mandarin Chinese is the official language, though many dialects exist, and the Chinese writing system uses thousands of characters. Traditional Chinese festivals are celebrated according to the lunar calendar and feature food, activities like dragon boat racing, and lanterns.
This document provides a catalogue of 17 units that summarize key aspects of Chinese culture. The units cover topics such as Chinese geography, history, ethnic groups, festivals, language, zodiac signs, religions, Confucianism, kung fu, tea culture, food, calligraphy, paintings, music, traditional medicine, opera, and names. Each unit provides subsections that delve deeper into the cultural topic at hand.
This short document contains a link and encourages the reader to click on it to access or obtain something. No other context is provided about what would be received by clicking the link or any other details.
Eltextoysuspropiedades coherencia y cohesion-Julio Daza
El documento explica los conceptos de coherencia y cohesión en los textos. La coherencia se refiere al significado global de un texto y requiere que todas las partes del texto se relacionen con el tema central. La cohesión se refiere a los recursos lingüísticos que conectan las diferentes partes del texto, incluyendo la cohesión léxica a través de sinónimos y la cohesión gramatical a través de pronombres y morfemas. Para que un texto sea considerado como tal debe ser tanto coherente como cohesivo.
The document discusses key concepts regarding systems and application software. It defines systems software as programs that coordinate hardware and other programs, with operating systems being the most important type. Application software helps users solve problems. There are three main approaches to developing application software: building proprietary software, buying off-the-shelf software, or combining the two. The document also outlines important trends in software such as bugs, licensing, open-source options, and global support challenges.
04 software system and application software - copy - copyAfrodisius Mathayo
The document discusses principles of information systems including software functions. It defines systems software, application software, and operating systems. It describes popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux and how they support personal, workgroup and enterprise goals. It also discusses programming languages, application software types, and software issues like bugs, licensing and support.
software system and application softwareCyriac Jose
1. The document discusses software systems and applications, outlining the functions of systems software like operating systems and utility programs, and application software.
2. It describes how operating systems control hardware and interface with application programs, and lists popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and enterprise systems.
3. The document outlines different types of application software including proprietary, off-the-shelf, and personal, workgroup, and enterprise applications that support individual, group, and organizational goals.
Software:
Systems and Application Software
Identify and briefly describe the functions of the two basic kinds of software
Outline the role of the operating system and identify the features of several popular operating systems
Discuss how application software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives
Identify three basic approaches to developing application software and discuss the pros and cons of each
Outline the overall evolution and importance of programming languages and clearly differentiate among the generations of programming languages
Identify several key software issues and trends that have an impact on organizations and individuals
The document discusses system software, including operating systems and utility programs. It describes the functions of operating systems such as interfacing with users, booting computers, managing devices and resources, and providing security. Popular operating systems mentioned include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, and iOS. Utility programs are also discussed, including file management programs, backup and restore utilities, disk management, and search tools.
Functions of Operating Systems:
Types of Operating Systems:
Real-Time Operating Systems
Single-User/Single-Tasking Operating Systems
Single-User/Multitasking Operating Systems
Multi-User/Multitasking Operating Systems
User Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Command-Line Interface
Running Programs
Managing Hardware
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, covering topics such as the need for operating systems, their evolution over different generations from batch to real-time systems, and the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then discusses operating system services from both the user and system point of view, and provides case studies of the Windows and Linux operating systems.
Computer languages can be categorized as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language provide little abstraction from computer hardware and use numeric codes that are directly understandable by computers. High-level languages allow problems to be solved using terminology more familiar to humans and are easier for programmers to use. Examples include C, C++, Java, and JavaScript. Operating systems act as an interface between application software, hardware, and users, performing functions like memory management, task scheduling, and file handling.
Operating system basics provides new comers in IT to help understanding basic concepts of operating systems and errors, programs, manage hardware devices
The document discusses operating system basics, including defining an operating system as a program that controls hardware and application execution. It describes the objectives of operating systems as providing convenience, efficiency, and ability to evolve. It outlines the layers of a computer system and services provided by operating systems like program development, execution, I/O access, and error detection. It also explains the functions of operating systems in providing user interfaces, running programs, managing hardware, and organizing files. Finally, it discusses types of operating systems and ways to enhance an operating system with utilities like backup software, anti-virus, and firewalls.
The document provides an overview of operating systems and system software. It discusses what system software is, the need for system software, types of system software including operating systems, device drivers, firmware, programming language translators, and utility software. It defines operating systems and describes their design goals. It also outlines the four main components of a computer system - hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. Finally, it discusses the key components of an operating system including process management, I/O device management, file management, memory management, and security management.
Basics of Operating Systems Definition – Generations of Operating systems – Types of Operating Systems, OS Service, System Calls, OS structure: Layered, Monolithic, Microkernel Operating Systems – Concept of Virtual Machine
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including processes, threads, interprocess communication, deadlocks, and scheduling. It discusses the evolution of operating systems from first to fourth generation. Key concepts covered include processes, files, system calls, command interpreters, and signals. Operating system structures like monolithic, layered, and client-server models are summarized. Common interprocess communication problems like the bounded buffer, readers-writers, and dining philosophers problems are also briefly outlined. Finally, it discusses process scheduling algorithms, deadlock conditions and strategies to handle deadlocks.
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, covering their basic functions and components. It discusses how operating systems manage hardware resources and provide abstraction for applications. The key components described include the kernel, drivers, utilities, and applications/processes. It also covers process scheduling, file systems, APIs/system calls, memory management, and popular operating systems like IBM z/OS, IBM i, and OpenVMS.
The document discusses operating systems and utility programs. It defines an operating system as a set of programs that coordinate computer hardware resources. Operating systems provide functions like starting up and shutting down computers, managing memory, configuring devices, and establishing network connections. There are different types of operating systems including stand-alone operating systems designed for personal computers, server operating systems that manage networks, and embedded operating systems used in mobile devices. The document also briefly describes some common operating systems and their uses.
This document discusses different types of computer software, including application software and system software. It provides examples of various application software such as word processing programs, spreadsheets, presentation software, and personal information managers. It also discusses types of system software like operating systems and database management systems. The document outlines the basic functions of operating systems, which include managing resources, files, and tasks to maximize productivity and efficiency.
System software includes operating systems and other programs that allow hardware and applications to function. The document discusses trends in computer software and major types of application and system software. It defines operating systems and describes their main functions like resource management, file management, and task management. Popular operating systems include Windows, Unix, Linux, and Mac OS X. Programming languages allow the development of software applications and range from machine languages to modern object-oriented languages.
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and architectures. It can be summarized as follows:
1. An operating system is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.
2. The main functions of an operating system include managing system resources like memory and files, providing a user interface, running applications, and supporting utility programs.
3. Operating systems can be categorized as monolithic, layered, microkernel, networked, or distributed based on their internal organization and architecture.
4. Operating system architectures include single processor systems, multi-processor systems, and clustered systems.
04 software system and application softwareSowmini Gowda
The document summarizes key concepts about software, including:
1) It describes the two main types of software: systems software and application software.
2) It outlines several popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux and their roles.
3) It discusses how application software supports personal, workgroup, and enterprise goals.
HR search is critical to a company's success because it ensures the correct people are in place. HR search integrates workforce capabilities with company goals by painstakingly identifying, screening, and employing qualified candidates, supporting innovation, productivity, and growth. Efficient talent acquisition improves teamwork while encouraging collaboration. Also, it reduces turnover, saves money, and ensures consistency. Furthermore, HR search discovers and develops leadership potential, resulting in a strong pipeline of future leaders. Finally, this strategic approach to recruitment enables businesses to respond to market changes, beat competitors, and achieve long-term success.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
Dive into this presentation and learn about the ways in which you can buy an engagement ring. This guide will help you choose the perfect engagement rings for women.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...Neil Horowitz
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
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Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
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2. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Systems and application software are critical in
helping individuals and organizations achieve their
goals
– Identify and briefly describe the functions of the two
basic kinds of software
– Outline the role of the operating system and identify
the features of several popular operating systems
3. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
(continued)
• Organizations use off-the-shelf application software
for common business needs and proprietary
application software to meet unique business
needs and provide a competitive advantage
– Discuss how application software can support
personal, workgroup, and enterprise business
objectives
– Identify three basic approaches to developing
application software and discuss the pros and cons
of each
4. Principles and Learning Objectives
(continued)
• Organizations should choose programming
languages with functional characteristics that are
appropriate for the task at hand and well suited to
the skills and experience of the programming staff
– Outline the overall evolution and importance of
programming languages and clearly differentiate
among the generations of programming languages
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
5. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
(continued)
• The software industry continues to undergo
constant change; users need to be aware of recent
trends and issues to be effective in their business
and personal life
– Identify several key software issues and trends that
have an impact on organizations and individuals
6. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Why Learn About Software?
• Software is indispensable for any computer system
and the people using it
• Applications software:
– Key to helping you achieve your career goals and
enrich your life
– Stock trading, scientific, accounting, tax, etc.
7. An Overview of Software
• Computer programs:
– Sequences of instructions for the computer
• Documentation:
– Describes program functions to help the user
operate the computer system
• Types of software:
– Systems software
– Application software
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
8. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Systems Software
• Set of programs that coordinates the activities and
functions of hardware and other programs
• Computer system platform:
– Combination of a hardware configuration and
systems software
9. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Application Software
• Helps users solve particular problems
• In most cases, resides on the computer’s hard disk
• Can be stored on CDs, DVDs, and even USB flash
drives
10. Supporting Individual, Group, and
Organizational Goals
• Sphere of influence:
– Scope of problems and opportunities addressed by a
particular organization
• Personal sphere of influence:
– Serve the needs of an individual user
• Personal productivity software:
– Help users improve their personal effectiveness
• Workgroup:
– When two or more people work together to achieve
a common goal
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
11. Supporting Individual, Group, and
Organizational Goals (continued)
• Workgroup sphere of influence:
– Serves the needs of a workgroup
• Enterprise sphere of influence:
– Supports the firm in its interaction with its
environment
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
13. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Systems Software
• Controls the operations of computer hardware
• Supports the application programs’ problem-solving
capabilities
• Types of systems software:
– Operating systems
– Utility programs
– Middleware
14. Operating Systems
• Set of programs that controls computer hardware
and acts as an interface with application programs
• Kernel:
– Ties all components of the OS together and
regulates other programs
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
15. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Operating Systems (continued)
• Combinations of OSs, computers, and users:
– Single computer with a single user
– Single computer with multiple simultaneous users
– Multiple computers with multiple users
– Special-purpose computers
17. Operating Systems (continued)
• Activities performed by the operating system:
– Perform common computer hardware functions
– Provide a user interface and input/output
management
– Provide a degree of hardware independence
– Manage system memory
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
18. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Operating Systems (continued)
• Activities performed by the operating system
(continued):
– Manage processing tasks
– Provide networking capability
– Control access to system resources
– Manage files
19. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Operating Systems (continued)
• Common hardware functions:
– Get input from keyboard or another input device
– Retrieve data from disks
– Store data on disks
– Display information on a monitor or printer
20. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Operating Systems (continued)
• User interface and input/output management
– User interface:
• Allows individuals to access and command the
computer system
– Command-based user interface:
• Requires that text commands be given to the
computer to perform basic activities
– Graphical user interface (GUI):
• Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send
commands to the computer system
21. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Operating Systems (continued)
• Hardware independence:
– Application program interface (API):
• Allows applications to make use of the operating
system
• Memory management:
– Allows computer to execute program instructions
effectively and to speed processing
23. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
• Processing tasks:
– Multitasking:
• More than one program can run at the same time
– Time-sharing:
• Allows more than one person to use a computer
system at the same time
– Scalability:
• Ability of the computer to handle an increasing
number of concurrent users smoothly
Operating Systems (continued)
24. Operating Systems (continued)
• Networking capability:
– Allows computers in a network to send and receive
data and share computing resources
• Access to system resources and security:
– Protection against unauthorized access
– OS establishes a logon procedure
• File management:
– Ensures that files in secondary storage are available
when needed and that they are protected from
access by unauthorized users
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
25. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Current Operating Systems
• Microsoft PC operating systems:
– Windows XP
– Windows Vista
– Windows 7
• Apple Computer Operating Systems:
– Wintel
– Snow Leopard (OS X v10.6)
• Linux:
– Red Hat Linux
– Caldera OpenLinux
27. Current Operating Systems
(continued)
• Google Chrome OS:
– Linux-based operating system designed for
netbooks and nettops
– Designed to run on inexpensive low-power
computers
– Chromium OS:
• Open-source version of Chrome OS
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
28. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Workgroup Operating Systems
• Windows Server:
– Can be used to prevent unauthorized disclosure of
information
• UNIX:
– Can be used on many computer system types and
platforms
• Red Hat Linux:
– Can manage a cluster of up to eight servers
• Mac OS X Server:
– Includes support for 64-bit processing
29. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Enterprise Operating Systems
• z/OS:
– IBM’s first 64-bit enterprise OS
• HP-UX and Linux:
– HP-UX:
• Robust UNIX-based OS from Hewlett-Packard
• Supports Internet, database, and business
applications on server and mainframe enterprise
systems
30. Operating Systems for Small
Computers, Embedded Computers,
and Special-Purpose Devices
• Cell phone embedded systems and operating
systems:
– Embedded systems provide communication and
limited personal information management services
• Windows embedded:
– Included with or embedded into small computer
devices
• Proprietary Linux-based systems:
– Linux is a major competitor to Symbian
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
31. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Utility Programs
• Help to perform maintenance or correct problems
with a computer system
• Common types of utilities:
– Hardware utilities
– Security utilities
– File-compression utilities
– Spam-filtering utilities
– Network and Internet utilities
– Server and mainframe utilities
32. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Utility Programs (continued)
• Other utilities:
– Key logging software allows a manager to see every
keystroke a worker makes on a computer system
– Monitoring software can catalog the Internet sites
that employees visit
– Keyboard shortcut utilities allow users to map
common tasks to defined keyboard combinations
34. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Middleware
• Software that allows different systems to
communicate and exchange data
• Can also be used as an interface between the
Internet and older legacy systems
• Service-oriented architecture (SOA):
– Uses modular application services to allow users to
interact with systems, and systems to interact with
each other
35. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Application Software
• Application programs:
– Interact with systems software
– Help you perform common tasks, such as:
• Creating and formatting text documents
• Performing calculations
• Managing information
36. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Overview of Application Software
• Proprietary software:
– One-of-a-kind program for a specific application,
usually developed and owned by a single company
• Off-the-shelf software:
– Existing software program that is purchased
• Application service provider (ASP):
– Company that can provide software, support, and
computer hardware on which to run the software
from the user’s facilities over a network
38. Overview of Application Software
(continued)
• Software as a service (SaaS):
– Allows businesses to subscribe to Web-delivered
business application software by paying a monthly
service charge or a per-use fee
– Can reduce expenses by sharing its running
applications among many businesses
• Cloud computing:
– Use of computing resources on the Internet (the
cloud) rather than on local computers
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
40. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Personal Application Software
• Word processing
• Spreadsheet analysis
• Database applications
• Presentation graphics program
• Personal information managers
• Software suites and integrated software packages
• Other personal application software
42. Mobile Application Software
• Operating systems designed for smartphones
include:
– OS X iPhone, Android, and WebOS
• Tens of thousands of applications have been:
– Developed by third parties for the iPhone
• Palm WebOS:
– Has only recently released its software development
kit
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
43. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Workgroup Application Software
• Support teamwork, whether people are in the same
location or dispersed around the world
• Groupware:
– Software that helps groups of people work together
more effectively
45. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Enterprise Application Software
• Software that benefits an entire organization
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software:
– Set of integrated programs that manage a
company’s vital business operations for an entire
multisite, global organization
46. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Application Software for Information,
Decision Support, and Specialized
Purposes
• Available in every industry:
– Specialized application software for information,
decision support, and other purposes
47. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Programming Languages
• Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system of rules
for constructing statements:
– By which humans can communicate instructions to
be executed by a computer
• Program code:
– Set of instructions that signal the CPU to perform
circuit-switching operations
• Syntax
– Set of rules associated with a programming
language
48. The Evolution of Programming
Languages
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
49. Visual, Object-Oriented, and Artificial
Intelligence Languages
• Visual programming:
– Uses a graphical or “visual” interface combined with
text-based commands
• Object-oriented programming languages:
– Programming languages that are based on objects
• Fifth-generation languages (5GLs):
– Used to create artificial intelligence or expert
systems applications
• Compiler:
– Converts the programmer’s source code into
machine-language instructions
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
51. Software Issues and Trends
• Software bug:
– Defect in a program that keeps it from performing as
it should
• Some tips for reducing impact of software bugs:
– Register all software
– Check read-me files for work-arounds
– Access support area of the manufacturer’s Web site
for patches
– Install latest software updates
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
52. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Copyrights and Licenses
• Most software products are protected by law using
copyright or licensing provisions:
– In some cases, you are given unlimited use of
software on one or two computers
– In other cases, you pay for your usage; if you use
the software more, you pay more
• Some software now requires that you register or
activate it before it can be fully used
54. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Freeware and Open-Source Software
• Freeware:
– Software that is made available to the public for free
• Open-source software:
– Distributed, typically for free, with the source code
• GPL grants you the right to:
– Run the program for any purpose
– Study how the program works and adapt it to your
needs
– Redistribute copies so you can help others
– Improve the program and release improvements to
the public
56. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Software Upgrades
• Software companies revise their programs and sell
new versions periodically
• Most software upgrades:
– Offer new features and capabilities
• Some users do not always get the most current
software upgrades or versions:
– Unless it includes significant improvements or
capabilities
57. Information Systems, Tenth Edition
Global Software Support
• Supporting local operations:
– One of the biggest challenges IS teams face when
putting together standardized, company-wide
systems
• Trend:
– Outsourcing global support to one or more third-
party distributors
58. Summary
• Main categories of software:
– Systems software and application software
• Operating system (OS):
– Set of computer programs that controls the computer
hardware to support users’ computing needs
• Three approaches to developing application
software:
– Build proprietary application software
– Buy existing programs off the shelf
– Use a combination of customized and off-the-shelf
application software
Information Systems, Tenth Edition
59. Summary (continued)
• Application service provider (ASP):
– Can provide software, support, and computer
hardware on which to run the software from the
user’s facilities over a network
• Important software issues and trends:
– Software bugs, software licensing and copyrighting
– Open-source software and freeware
– Multiorganizational software development
– Software upgrades
– Global software support
Information Systems, Tenth Edition