This document provides an overview of computers including their history and components. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and mechanical calculators. The first electronic calculator was created in the 1960s building on these predecessors. The document outlines the development of different types of computers from desktops to laptops, tablets, and smartphones. It describes the typical hardware components of computers and how they work together. The document concludes with examples of common software applications used on computers.

1. Introduction to
Computers

2. Contents
• What are Computers?
• History of Computers:
• The Abacus
• The Mechanical Calculator
• The First Solid State Electronic Calculator
• The Scientific Calculator

3. Contents
• The Father of the Computer
• Comparing Calculators to Computers
• What are the Parts of a Computer?
• What are the uses or Functions of each Part of a Computer?
• What are Computer Applications?

4. What are Computers?
• Computers are machines that
perform tasks or calculations
according to a set of instructions,
or programs.
• Electronic device operating under
the control of instructions stored
in its own memory

5. History of Computers
• What is an Abacus?
• The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a
counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in
use centuries before the adoption of the written
modern numeral system and is still widely used by
merchants, traders and clerks in Asia, Africa, and
elsewhere. Today, abaci are often constructed as a
bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but
originally they were beans or stones moved in
grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or
metal.

6. The History of Computers
• What are Mechanical Calculators?
• A mechanical calculator, or calculating
machine, was a mechanical device used
to perform automatically the basic
operations of arithmetic. Most
mechanical calculators were comparable
in size to small desktop computers and
have been rendered obsolete by the
advent of the electronic calculator.

7. The History of Computers
• What are Solid State Electronic
Calculator?
• The first solid state electronic calculator was
created in the 1960s, building on the
extensive history of tools such as the abacus,
developed around 2000 BC, and the
mechanical calculator, developed in the 17th
century. It was developed in parallel with the
analog computers of the day.

8. The History of Computers
• Modern electronic calculators vary from
cheap, give-away, credit-card-sized models to
sturdy desktop models with built-in printers.
They became popular in the mid-1970s as
integrated circuits made their size and cost
small. By the end of that decade, calculator
prices had reduced to a point where a basic
calculator was affordable to most and they
became common in schools.
• What are Solid State Electronic
Calculator?

9. The History of Computers
• What is a Scientific Calculator?
• A scientific calculator is a type of electronic
calculator, usually but not always handheld,
designed to calculate problems in science,
engineering, and mathematics. They have
almost completely replaced slide rules in
almost all traditional applications, and are
widely used in both education and
professional settings.

10. The History of Computers
• The Father of Computer
• Charles Babbage,(26 December 1791 – 18 October
1871) was an English polymath. He was a
mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical
engineer, who is best remembered now for
originating the concept of a programmable
computer.
• Considered a "father of the computer", Babbage is
credited with inventing the first mechanical computer
that eventually led to more complex designs. His
varied work in other fields has led him to be
described as "pre-eminent" among the many
polymaths of his century.

11. The History of Computers
• Comparing Calculators to Computers
• The fundamental difference between a calculator and computer is that a computer can
be programmed in a way that allows the program to take different branches according
to intermediate results, while calculators are pre-designed with specific functions such
as addition, multiplication, and logarithms built in.

12. What does a Computer do?
• The computer
first, Accepts data such as raw
facts, figures, and symbol then,
Processes data into information
(Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful finally,
Produces and stores results

13. What does a Computer do?
• Computers work through an interaction of hardware and software.
• Hardware refers to the parts of a computer that you can see and touch,
including the case and everything inside it.
• Software refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what
to do.

14. What does a Computer Look Like?
Desktop Laptops & Netbooks
Smartphone
Handheld
Computer
Tablet PC

15. Characteristics of a Desktop and its
Components
• Desktop computers are designed for use at a desk or table.
• They are typically larger and more powerful than other types of personal
computers.
• Desktop computers are made up of separate components.
• The main component, called the system unit, is usually a rectangular case that
sits on or underneath a desk. Other components, such as the monitor,
mouse, and keyboard, connect to the system unit.

16. The Components of a Desktop Computer
• What is an input device?
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
________

17. The Components of a Desktop Computer
• What is an Output Device?
 Hardware that
conveys information
to the user
___________

18. The Components of a Desktop Computer
• What is the System Unit?
 Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
_________

19. Characteristics of Laptops
• Laptops are lightweight mobile PCs with a thin screen.
• Laptops can operate on batteries, so you can take them anywhere.
• Unlike desktops, laptops combine the CPU, screen, and keyboard in a single
case.
• The screen folds down onto the keyboard when not in use.

20. Characteristics of a Netbook
• Netbooks (also referred to as mini notebooks), are small, affordable laptops
that are designed to perform a limited number of tasks.
• They're usually less powerful than laptops, so they're used mainly to browse
the web and check e-mail.

21. Characteristics of a Smartphone
• Smartphones are mobile phones that have some of the same capabilities as a
computer.
• You can use a smartphone to make telephone calls, access the Internet,
organize contact information, send e-mail and text messages, play games, and
take pictures.
• Smartphones usually have a keyboard and a large screen.

22. Handheld Computer
• Handheld computers, also called personal digital assistants (PDAs), are
battery-powered computers small enough to carry almost anywhere.
• Although not as powerful as desktops or laptops, handheld computers are
useful for scheduling appointments, storing addresses and phone numbers,
and playing games.
• Some have more advanced capabilities, such as making telephone calls or
accessing the Internet.
• Instead of keyboards, handheld computers have touch screens that you use
with your finger or a stylus (a pen-shaped pointing tool).

23. Characteristics of Tablet PCs
• Tablet PCs are mobile PCs that combine features of laptops and handheld
computers.
• Like laptops, they're powerful and have a built-in screen.
• Like handheld computers, they allow you to write notes or draw pictures on
the screen, usually with a tablet pen instead of a stylus.
• They can also convert your handwriting into typed text.
• Some Tablet PCs are “convertibles” with a screen that swivels and unfolds to
reveal a keyboard underneath.

24. What are Computer Application
• Application or App is a type of software that allows you to perform
specific tasks.
• Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop
applications, and those for mobile devices are called mobile apps.

25. Kinds of Desktop Application that runs on
Windows Operating Systems
• MS OFFICE APPLICATIONS
• MS WORD
• MS EXCEL
• MS POWERPOINT
• MS OUTLOOK
• MS ACCESS
• MS PUBLISHER
• WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER
• WEB BROWSER APPLICATION
• MOZILLA FIREFOX
• GOOGLE
• INTERNET EXPLORER
• OPERA
• PHOTO/IMAGING APPLICATION
• ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
• PAINT

26. MS OFFICE APPLICATION
• MS WORD
− Microsoft Word (often called Word) is a graphical word processing program that users
can type with. It is made by the computer company Microsoft. The purpose of the MS
Word is to allow the users to type and save documents. Similar to other word
processors, it has helpful tools to make documents.

27. MS OFFICE APPLICATION
• MS EXCEL
− Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft for Microsoft
Windows and Mac OS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro
programming language called Visual Basic for Applications.

28. MS OFFICE APPLICATION
• MS POWERPOINT
− Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program developed by Microsoft. It
was officially launched on May 22, 1990, as a part of the Microsoft Office suite.

29. MS OFFICE APPLICATION
• MS OUTLOOK
− Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager from Microsoft, available as a
part of the Microsoft Office suite. The current versions are Microsoft Office Outlook
2013 for Windows and Microsoft Office Outlook 2011 for Mac.

30. MS OFFICE APPLICATION
• MS ACCESS
− Microsoft Access, also known as Microsoft Office Access, is a database management
system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with
a graphical user interface and software-development tools.

31. MS OFFICE APPLICATION
• MS PUBLISHER
− Microsoft Publisher is an entry-level desktop publishing application from Microsoft,
differing from Microsoft Word in that the emphasis is placed on page layout and design
rather than text composition and proofing.

32. WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER
• WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER
− Windows Media Player (abbreviated WMP) is a media player and media library
application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio, video and viewing
images on personal computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, as
well as on Pocket PC and Windows Mobile-based devices.

33. WEB BROWSER APPLICATION
• MOZILLA FIREFOX
− Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser developed for Windows, OS X,
and Linux, with a mobile version for Android, by the Mozilla Foundation and its
subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.

34. WEB BROWSER APPLICATION
• GOOGLE CHROME
− Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google. It used the WebKit
layout engine until version 27 and, with the exception of its iOS releases, from version
28 and beyond uses the WebKit fork Blink.

35. WEB BROWSER APPLICATION
• INTERNET EXPLORER
− Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet
Explorer, commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a series of graphical web browsers
developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of
operating systems, starting in 1995.

36. WEB BROWSER APPLICATION
• OPERA
− Opera is a web browser developed by Opera Software. Opera uses the Blink layout
engine. Opera runs on Microsoft Windows and OS X operating systems. Users of
Linux and FreeBSD operating systems must install earlier versions which have the
Presto layout engine.

37. PHOTO/IMAGING APPLICATION
• ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
− Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe
Systems for Windows and OS X. Photoshop was created in 1988 by Thomas and John
Knoll.

38. PHOTO/IMAGING APPLICATION
• PAINT
− Paint (formerly Paintbrush for Windows) is a simple graphics painting program that
has been included with all versions of Microsoft Windows. It is often referred to as MS
Paint or Microsoft Paint.