Lec1chap1f04

Lecture 1 / Chapter 1 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 1/25/2005
F.Farahmand 1 / 13 File: lec1chap1f04.doc
General Items:
• Anyone missed the first class or the lab orientation?
• When you do your labs, before you turn them in check the SAMPLE labs
• Please be on time and turn your CELL Phones off!
• Everyone has the book?
• Financial Aid
• Received emails
Reading Materials:
• For test do the practice tests at the end of the chapter
• Read page 18 of the PREFACE (NOTE TO STUDENTS)
o KEY TERMS
o DO THE CHECK POINTS
• Interesting reading: page 1.52 – A TIME-LINE about the HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Miscellaneous:
• History of computers (LATER)
What are computer APPLICATIONS?
The goal is to become COMPUTER LITERATE!
What is a COMPUTER?
Input Processor
Instructions /
Memory
Memory
Output
- Hardware
- Software
Instruction: Steps telling the
computer how to perform a task
Input Processor
Storage
Output
The USER
Data
Information
A series of
activities:
Information Processing Cycles
Components of computers
- Hardware
- Software
Computer Hardware (5):
- Input devices – Examples?
- Output devices – Examples?
- System unit (Mother board)
CPU (Processor)
Memory (maintains the data and instructions)
- Storage devices and media
Storage media: Device that maintains the data/instruction
(Hard-disk, CD-ROM, Zip Drive, USB Flash Drives)
Storage device: Records/reads ITEMS to/from storage media
(CD Driver , DVD Driver)
These devices are different in terms of size and access speed
They can be the source of input to the computer
- Communication devices and media
Communication media
• Cables such as telephone lines or coax cables
• Air
• Glass
Wired or Wireless
Devices: Wireless card, Modem, DSL Modem, Cell Phones
Keyboards, Mouse, Camera
Printer, Monitor,
Speaker
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
Motherboard
CPU Memory
Storage
Floppy,
Zip,
DVD,
CD
CHIP CHIP
Service ProviderCOMPUTER COMPUTER
Cable/Fiber
Modem Modem
Cable/Fiber

Computers are powerful tools!
- Fast performance
o How fast? (Trillions of instructions per second!)
- Reliable
o Low failure rate
- Accurate
o Garbage-in-garbage-out (GIGO)
- High storage capacity
- Capable of communicating
o Exchange information
o Share resources (printers)
Computer Networks
• Collection of computers and devices (e.g. printers) connected together
• Advantages: Sharing resources and communicating
• Basic components:
Communication devices (modem)
Communication media (Cable, Fiber, Air, etc)
• Types
LAN (Local Area Network – university network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network – covering the entire city)
WAN (Wide Area Network – satellite networks)
• The biggest computer network is Internet
500 million users each day!
Provides variety of services
What is your favorite one?
Remember: A FOOL with a TOOL is still a FOOL
Getting ONLINE
• Connecting the computer to the network (Internet)
• Service providers:
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Providing access to Internet
Online Service Provider (OSP)
• Providing access to Internet and other services (AOL,
MSN)
• Online services (Internet services)
WWW (or Web) – millions of documents called Web Pages
• Navigate through Web pages using WEB BROWSERS
• Web page publishing
EMAIL, Instant Messaging, etc.
Computer Software:
- Also called Computer programs
- Series of INSTRUCTIONS telling the hardware what to do
- Related terms
Program (or software) Execution (RUN)
Program (or software) Installation–full or partial on HD
Loading the Program (put the program in the memory)
GUI Interface – Graphical user interface (using ICONS)
- Categories
System software (Windows)
Application software (MS Word)
System software
- Programs control the operation of the components and devices
- Two types:
Operating system programs
• Allows executing the Application Software
• Coordinating computer hardware devices
• Typically resides in the hard disk -> Memory
• Examples: Windows, DOS, Linux)
Utility programs
• Used for managing a computer
• Examples: Uninstaller, Drivers, Searching tools, etc.
Is it DISK or DISC?
Application Software
- Perform specific tasks for users
Word processing software
Spreadsheet software
Database Software, etc.
- Bundle of application software is called SUITE (MS Office XP)
- Come in different FORMS:
Packaged Software (meets the needs of variety of USERS)
Custom Software (Small shop users)
Freeware (Free but copyrighted)
Public Domain (Free and NOT copyrighted)
Shareware (Free for trial period and copyrighted)
Developing a software
- Programmers (computer programmers)
o Write a series of instructions to direct the computer to do a task
o They use programming Language to write a program
Depends on the application software
Java, C, C++, Visual Basics, etc.
SUMMARY:
OS App.
Software
Hardware App.
Software
GUI
Inter.
GUI
Interface
How to enter &
display data (ICON)

Computer Categories (6):
• Basic characteristics:
o Different in terms of
Size, Speed, Processing power, and Price
o Cost
o Networking capability
• Categories (Look at page 1.18 for pictures)
o Personal Computer (PC)
Desktop, Notebook, Workstation
Can be powerful to function as a server (serving CLIENTS)
Stand-alone / all-in-one (storage, processing, etc.)
All the processing functions are in the microprocessor (chip)
Two popular series
• Characteristics
o Different OS (Windows and Mac OS)
o Different processors (Intel / Motorola)
• PC (based on original IBM specifications)
• Apple Mac (iMAC)
o Mobile Computers
A mobile personal computer
Examples:
• Notebook computers
o Tablet – PC – uses a digital pen
• Mobile Devices (web- enable)
o Handheld Computers, PDA (personal digital
assistant), Smart phones
Seen any thing cool lately?
o Mid-range Server
More powerful than a desktop
Can be connected to thousands of TERMINALS)
o Mainframe
Can handle thousands of users (IBM Mainframes)
o Supercomputer
Very powerful and fast computers
Can be connected to thousands of users
Example: IBS Supercomputer:
• 100 trillions of inst./sec
• As big as two basketball court
• Connected to thousands of users
Information System
• Maintaining computers updated in order to obtain useful information
• Elements of IS
o Hardware
o Software
o Inputting accurate data
o Trained info. technology (IT) personal (manuals, personnel, etc.)
Computer Usage
• Computers are used in variety of ways by many different users
• Categories (functionalities and applications):
o Home
• Web access, Games, Finance management,
• Entertainment, etc.
• Reference software (Road Atlas, Encyclopedia, Dictionaries)
o Small Office
• e-commercing (conducting business online)
• Establishing a LAN
o Mobile Users
• Traveling users (sales representatives, students!)
• Wireless connections / Web-enable Handheld computers
o Large Businesses
• Maintain an IT depart. to keep software/hardware updated
• Help Desk
• Provide telecommuting (communicate with the office using
computers)
o Power Users
• Requiring highly specialized app. and powerful computers
• Multimedia applications (combining graphics, text, and video)
• Architectures/Engineers /Simulations
Computer Applications and Society
• Computers have changed the way we live
• Changing our culture!
o From learning in classrooms, shopping, to DATING, PRAYING,
and SOCIALIZING!
o Changing our economy and productivity
Growth, employment, outsourcing, etc.
o Dividing the society more – Digital divide between poor and rich
communities)
• Education
o Paperless classrooms!
o Instant access to information
o Less library trips!
• Finance
o Shopping!
o Online Banking and Investing
• Government
o Get the official forms
o Talk to your representative
o Online access to some records
o Library of congress
• Healthcare
o Keeping the records, telemedicine, etc.
o Camera pills, Robotic surgery, access to medicine, etc.
• Science
o Neural networks (imitating human brain behavior)
• Traveling
o All Star?
o Find directions, reservation, etc.
Technology is good WHEN we use it wisely!

CD-ROM:
Compact Disk Read-Only-Memory
Used for recording audio, graphics, video, text (good for music recording)
Based on laser technology (reflection of light results in electrical current)
Typical Storage: 650 MB to 1 GB of data
Speed: Single speed is equivalent to 150 KB/sec (one X) (today: 48X to 75X)
>>>> Low storage capacity for multi-media applications! <<<<
DVD-ROM:
Digital Versatile Disc-Read-Only-Memory
Typical Storage: 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data (10 Billion characters can be stored!)
Used for multimedia applications (much higher quality than CD-ROM)
Based on laser technology: Double sides, better coding technique, multilayer pits

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