FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

1. What is Computer ?
A Computer is an electronic device that
can perform Different operation
according to set of instruction called
Program. It shows output in the form
soft copy and hard copy

3. Micro Computer
Mini Computer

4. Main frame
Computer
Super Computer

5. History of Computer

6. Application of computer
Business application
Banks
Internet
Publication House
Education
Research centres
Scientific analysis
Personal work

7. Components of computer
• CPU(Central Processing Unit)
• Keyboard , Mouse
• Monitor (VLU)
• Other Hardwares and Software

8. CPU :
CPU is the brain of the computer. It controls the
Operation of Hardware and S/W of Computer it
Divided into 5 Basic units.
1.Inputting ( Keyboard)
2.Storing ( Memory)
3.Processing ( ALU )
4.Outputting( Monitor and Printer)
5.Controlling (Control Unit)

10. Input And Output Devices
Input Device
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joysticks
• Light Pen
• OMR
• MICR
• Web Camera
• Scanner
• Microphone
Output Devices
• Monitor
• Printer
• Plotters
• Multimedia Projector
• Speech Synthesizer
• Speaker

11. Types of Scanner
Flat Bed Scanner
Hand Held Scanner
Sheet Fed Scanner

12. Types of
Monitor
CRT LCD LED

13. Types of Printers
Impact Printer
Line Printer
Drum Printer
Chain Printer
Character
Printer
Dot matrix
Printer
Daisy wheel
Printer
Non Impact
Printer
Thermal Printer
Laser Printer
Electromagnetic
Printer
Ink Jet Printer

14. Computer Memory
• Primary Memory
1. RAM(Random Access Memory)
2. ROM(Read Only Memory)
• Secondary Memory

16. Difference Between RAM & ROM
RAM
• Random Access Memory
• When Computer is switch
off it lost its content
immediately
• RAM is a Volatile Memory
• Ram has two types Dynamic
Ram and Static RAM
• RAM is a read and write
memory
ROM
• Read only Memory
• When Computer is switched
it does not lost its content
immediately
• ROM is a non-volatile
memory
• ROM has three Types PROM
, EPROM,EEPROM
• ROM is only a read memory

17. Types of RAM
• Dynamic RAM: It is a type of RAM which lost
its memory immediately at every 0.5 mili
second even when Computer is Running ,
DRAM has Moderate speed it is cheaper than
SRAM(Periodic refreshing ).
• Static RAM: It is a type of RAM which lost its
memory immediately when Computer is switch
off. SRAM has high in Speed and Expensive than
DRAM

18. Types Of ROM
• PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory):
• EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory)
• EEPROM(Electricity Erasable Programmable
Read only Memory)

19. Secondary Memory
CD(Compact DISK)
Pen Drive
Memory Card
DVD(Digital Video Disk)

20. Secondary Memory
Hard Disk
Pen Drive
Portable hard disk

21. •Optical Storage(CD, DVD)
• Magnetic Storage(Hard disk , Pen
drive , Floppy disk)

22. Different Memory units in Computer
• 1 Nibble=4bits
• 1 Byte=8 Bits
• 1024 Byte=1 Kilo Byte
• 1024 Kb=1 Mega Byte
• 1024 Mb=1 Giga Byte
• 1024 Gb=1 Tera Byte
• 1024 Tb=1 Peta Byte

23. Computer Languages
• Machine Languages(0,1)
• High Level
Languages(C++,C,COBOL,.NET,BA
SIC,SNOBOL,SLIP)

25. E-Governance
Electronic governance or e-governance is the application
of information and communication technology (ICT) for
delivering government services, exchange of information,
communication transactions, integration of various stand-
alone systems and services between government-to-customer
(G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-
government (G2G) as well as back office processes and
interactions within the entire government framework.

26. Hardware and software
• Hardware : Computer hardware is the physical
components that constitute computer system.
Computer hardware refers the physical parts
or components of computer such as Monitor,
Keyboard , Mouse, Sound cards ,Graphics
cards, Motherboard , hard disk , chips etc.
• Software: a set of Program which Perform
specific function is called software

27. Types of software
• System software ( Operating system , Utility
Program , Assembler , Interpreter and
Compiler)
• Application software( Tally, Ms-office,
Photoshop, Corel draw etc.)

28. Translator Software
• Assembler
• Compiler
• Interpreter

29. Difference between Compiler and
Interpreter
Compiler
• Compiler is a type of
Computer Program which
Convert Entire High Level
Language Program into
Machine language Program
• Compiler Occupies large space
of Computer memory
• Compiler is 5 to 25 times
faster than Interpreter
• The object Code Produce by
the Compiler Can Save for
future Reference.
Interpreter
• Interpreter is a type of
Computer Program which
Convert one Statement of
High Level Language Program
into Machine language
Program and Proceed further
till all the statements are
converted.
• Interpreter Occupies less
space of Computer Memory
• Interpreter is Slower than
Compiler
• The object Code Produce by
the Compiler Cannot Save for
future Reference.

30. Operating system
• Operating system is a type of System software
which Control the internal activities of
hardware and software of a computer . It also
runs other software of computer
Eg:( Linux , Windows , Unix )

31. • Mobile Operating System
1. Android
 Kit-Kat
 Jelly Bean
 Marshmallow
 Android 6,6.1,6.3,6.6
1. IOS
2. Blackberry
3. Windows 8 , 8.1

32. Single user Operating System
Multiuser Operating System
Single Tasking Operating System
Multi Tasking Operating System
Types of Operating System

33. Linux
• Linux is a multi user or multi tasking Operating
system which is developed by Linus Benedict in
1991 . Linux is a 32 bit Operating System
Advantages of Linux Over Window
Low Cost
Fast and easy Installation
Network friendly
High Performance
Compatibility
Full use of Hard disk

34. Windows Versions
Window 10
Window 8 (8.1)
Window 7(Ultimate, Home Premium , Professional)
Window Vista
WindowXp(version 1 , 2 , 3)
Window 2000
Window 98
Window 95
Ms-Dos

35. Window terminology
• Mouse Terminolgy
a click - Choose any Icons in computer
B. Double Click - Open any Desired Icon
C. Shift + Click - Consecutive Selection of
Icon
D Ctrl + Click - Non Consecutive Selection
of Icon .

36. Keyboard Terminology
• Alt Key - Activate the menu bar
• Enter - Enter into a desired Icon
• Spacebar- Select and deselect the check boxes
in window
• F2 - Edit the file or Folder name
• Window key +E - window explorer and my
computer
• Window key + F - search in window Os

37. Keyboard terminology
• Alt + Tab - Switch between the two windows
• Windowkey + l - switch user in window OS.
• Windowkey + d - minimize and maximise
current window
• Alt+ F4 - shut down the window
• F5 - referesh
• Window Key + R - run

38. Keyboard Terminology
• Alt + Enter - Open a properties of any icon
• Tab - Move to next icon in windows
• Shift+ Tab - move to previous Icon
• Window key - Open a start menu
• Alt+Ctrl+Del - Open a taskbar in Window
Os.

39. System Icons
• Control Panel : It is a type of system icon which control
the Settings of Computer , Install and remove a
program in computer , Change the Display of a
Computer , change the setting hardware devices of
computer .
• Recycle Bin : It is a type of System Icons which hold the
files , folders and Data temporary . When any files
deleted from computer goes to recycle bin
• My Computer - All the resources attached in computer
show in My Computer it manges file and folders in
computer

40. System Tools
• Disk Clean Up
• Disk Defragmentor
• Task Scheduler