Computational physics
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•731 views
This document discusses computational physics. It begins with defining computational physics as the study and implementation of numerical algorithms and techniques to solve physics problems using computers. The purpose of the course is to demonstrate how computers can enable a deeper understanding of physics through vast calculations. There are two main scientific programming methods - using mathematical software packages or writing custom programs in languages like Fortran, C, or C++. Computational physics has applications in fields like accelerator physics, astrophysics, and plasma physics. It can simulate particle behavior, study astrophysical objects, and model plasma states.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Compoutational Physics
Computational physics uses numerical analysis and simulations to solve problems in physics that cannot be solved analytically. It bridges theoretical and experimental physics by supplementing both. Computational physics approximates solutions to problems by writing them as finite mathematical operations and using computers to perform those operations and compute approximated solutions. It is important for fields like fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics, particle physics, astrophysics, and geophysics. Common programming languages used include Fortran, C/C++, MATLAB, Mathematica, and Maple.
Resources for Teaching Undergraduate Computational Physics
Experience from Physics Department, University of Gondar ...why we should teach our students undergraduate computational physics (UCP), and Free & Open Resources for teaching UCP
ferrites and its application
1) Ferrites are magnetic ceramic materials that have a wide variety of applications from microwave to radio frequencies due to their properties like high resistivity and permeability.
2) They are classified based on their crystal structure into spinel, garnet, ortho, and hexagonal ferrites. Soft ferrites are used in transformers while hard ferrites are used in permanent magnets.
3) Ferrites are synthesized using methods like solid state reaction, sol-gel, and precipitation. Their properties can be modified by controlling synthesis parameters.
4) Major applications of ferrites include transformers, inductors, antennas, recording heads, and magnetic shielding due to their advantages over metals.
Fermi dirac basic part 1
1. The document discusses the Fermi-Dirac distribution function, which describes the occupancy of energy levels by electrons in a solid.
2. The probability that an energy level E is filled by an electron is given by the Fermi-Dirac distribution function f(E) = 1/(1+e^(E-EF)/kT), where EF is the Fermi level energy.
3. The derivation of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function maximizes the logarithm of the multiplicity function, or number of configurations that electrons can occupy energy states, to find the occupancy probability that corresponds to thermal equilibrium.
Fermi dirac distribution
This document introduces the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. It begins by discussing basic concepts like the Fermi level and Fermi energy. It then covers Fermi and Bose statistics, and the postulates of Fermi particles. The derivation of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function is shown, which gives the probability of a quantum state being occupied at a given energy and temperature. Graphs are presented showing how the distribution varies with different temperatures. The classical limit of the distribution is discussed. References are provided at the end.
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon where certain materials have zero electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields when cooled below a critical temperature. It was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. The Meissner effect describes how superconducting materials actively push magnetic fields out of their interior when transitioning to the superconducting state. The BCS theory explains superconductivity as electrons forming Cooper pairs that pass through the material unimpeded. Superconducting materials include various metals, metal alloys, iron-based compounds, cuprates, and organic materials. Applications include maglev trains, medical imaging, and more efficient power transmission.
Blochtheorem
A presentation about "How electrons move in a periodic one-dimensional potential." Here is an introduction to Bloch theorem.
Recommended
Compoutational Physics
Computational physics uses numerical analysis and simulations to solve problems in physics that cannot be solved analytically. It bridges theoretical and experimental physics by supplementing both. Computational physics approximates solutions to problems by writing them as finite mathematical operations and using computers to perform those operations and compute approximated solutions. It is important for fields like fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics, particle physics, astrophysics, and geophysics. Common programming languages used include Fortran, C/C++, MATLAB, Mathematica, and Maple.
Resources for Teaching Undergraduate Computational Physics
Experience from Physics Department, University of Gondar ...why we should teach our students undergraduate computational physics (UCP), and Free & Open Resources for teaching UCP
ferrites and its application
1) Ferrites are magnetic ceramic materials that have a wide variety of applications from microwave to radio frequencies due to their properties like high resistivity and permeability.
2) They are classified based on their crystal structure into spinel, garnet, ortho, and hexagonal ferrites. Soft ferrites are used in transformers while hard ferrites are used in permanent magnets.
3) Ferrites are synthesized using methods like solid state reaction, sol-gel, and precipitation. Their properties can be modified by controlling synthesis parameters.
4) Major applications of ferrites include transformers, inductors, antennas, recording heads, and magnetic shielding due to their advantages over metals.
Fermi dirac basic part 1
1. The document discusses the Fermi-Dirac distribution function, which describes the occupancy of energy levels by electrons in a solid.
2. The probability that an energy level E is filled by an electron is given by the Fermi-Dirac distribution function f(E) = 1/(1+e^(E-EF)/kT), where EF is the Fermi level energy.
3. The derivation of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function maximizes the logarithm of the multiplicity function, or number of configurations that electrons can occupy energy states, to find the occupancy probability that corresponds to thermal equilibrium.
Fermi dirac distribution
This document introduces the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. It begins by discussing basic concepts like the Fermi level and Fermi energy. It then covers Fermi and Bose statistics, and the postulates of Fermi particles. The derivation of the Fermi-Dirac distribution function is shown, which gives the probability of a quantum state being occupied at a given energy and temperature. Graphs are presented showing how the distribution varies with different temperatures. The classical limit of the distribution is discussed. References are provided at the end.
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon where certain materials have zero electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields when cooled below a critical temperature. It was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. The Meissner effect describes how superconducting materials actively push magnetic fields out of their interior when transitioning to the superconducting state. The BCS theory explains superconductivity as electrons forming Cooper pairs that pass through the material unimpeded. Superconducting materials include various metals, metal alloys, iron-based compounds, cuprates, and organic materials. Applications include maglev trains, medical imaging, and more efficient power transmission.
Blochtheorem
A presentation about "How electrons move in a periodic one-dimensional potential." Here is an introduction to Bloch theorem.
Elementary particles
This document provides an overview of elementary particles. It discusses their classification into baryons, leptons, and mesons. Baryons include protons, neutrons, and heavier hyperons. Leptons contain electrons, photons, neutrinos, and muons. Mesons have masses between baryons and leptons. Each particle is described along with its properties. The document also discusses particles and their antiparticles, and conservation laws related to parity, charge conjugation, time reversal, and the combined CPT symmetry.
Dft presentation
Density functional theory (DFT) provides an alternative approach to calculate properties of molecules by working with electron density rather than wave functions. DFT relies on two theorems linking the ground state energy and electron density. Approximations must be made for the exchange-correlation functional, with popular approximations including LDA, GGA, and hybrid functionals. DFT calculations can determine properties like molecular geometries, energies, vibrational frequencies, and more using software packages. While computationally efficient, DFT has limitations such as its reliance on approximate exchange-correlation functionals.
Density of states of bulk semiconductor
This document discusses the density of states (DoS) for bulk semiconductors. It begins by defining DoS as the number of available energy states per unit energy interval per unit dimension in real space. It then derives the DoS for bulk semiconductors using the Bloch theorem and shows that the DoS is proportional to the square root of energy. Finally, it defines the effective DoS, which accounts for occupancy based on the Fermi-Dirac distribution.
Unit 3
This document provides an overview of the key topics in Unit 3 of the Applied Physics course. The unit covers:
1. Classical and quantum free electron theories of metals, including the Drude-Lorentz model and Sommerfeld's quantum model.
2. Mean free path, relaxation time, and drift velocity of electrons in metals.
3. The Fermi level and Fermi-Dirac distribution of electron energies.
4. Classification of materials as insulators, semiconductors, or conductors based on their band structure and energy gaps.
Zeeman Effect
The Zeeman effect is the splitting of a spectral line into multiple spectral lines when in the presence of a magnetic field. It was first observed in 1896 by Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman when he placed a sodium flame between magnetic poles and observed the broadening of spectral lines. Zeeman's discovery earned him the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics. The pattern and amount of splitting provides information about the strength and presence of the magnetic field.
Rutherford's model of an atom and alpha particle scattering experiment
Rutherford conducted an experiment where he aimed a beam of alpha particles at a thin gold foil. Most particles passed through but some bounced straight back, indicating the atom had a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. This led to Rutherford's model of the atom as a small nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. However, this model is unstable as electromagnetic theory suggests electrons in circular orbits would radiate energy and eventually collide with the nucleus. A new model was needed to explain the stability of atoms.
Energy bands and gaps in semiconductor
This document summarizes a seminar on energy bands and gaps in semiconductors. It discusses the introduction of energy bands, including valence bands, conduction bands, and forbidden gaps. It describes how materials are classified as insulators, conductors, or semiconductors based on their band gap energies. Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors are also defined. Intrinsic, n-type, and p-type semiconductors are classified based on their majority charge carriers.
semiconductors ppt
This document is a lecture on semiconductors by Dr. K. Vagdevi. It discusses different types of semiconductors including intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Extrinsic semiconductors are further divided into n-type and p-type semiconductors depending on whether they are doped with pentavelent or trivalent impurities. The key differences between n-type and p-type semiconductors are also summarized. The document also explains carrier generation, recombination, diffusion, drift, and the Hall effect in semiconductors.
Brillouin zone and wigner seitz cell
The Wigner-Seitz cell is a Voronoi cell used to study crystalline solids in physics. It is defined as the region in space closer to a given lattice point than any other. The Wigner-Seitz cell of the reciprocal lattice is called the first Brillouin zone. In one dimension the Wigner-Seitz cell is an interval, in two dimensions it is typically a hexagon, and in three dimensions it takes the shape of the smallest polyhedron enclosing the lattice point and its nearest neighbors. Higher order Brillouin zones are identified by planes perpendicular to reciprocal lattice vectors, with the first zone being the smallest such region around the origin.
Solid state physics lec 1
This document discusses solid state physics and crystal structures. It begins by defining solid state physics as explaining the properties of solid materials by analyzing the interactions between atomic nuclei and electrons. It then discusses different types of solids including single crystals, polycrystalline materials, and amorphous solids. Single crystals have long-range periodic atomic order, while polycrystalline materials are made of many small crystals joined together and amorphous solids lack long-range order. The document goes on to describe crystal structures including crystal lattices, unit cells, and common crystal systems such as cubic, hexagonal, and orthorhombic. It provides examples of crystal structures including sodium chloride and its cubic lattice structure.
find the dielectric constant of a given material. made by sashikant tiwari.
1. The document discusses how to measure the dielectric constant of solid and liquid substances using a dielectric constant kit. It involves connecting a test capacitor both with and without the dielectric material and noting the change in capacitance.
2. The key aspects of dielectrics are described, including that they have permanent electric dipole moments and are electrical insulators. Dielectric constant is defined as the ratio of the material's permeability to that of free space.
3. Common applications of dielectrics include use in capacitors for energy storage and providing bursts of power. Some uses also rely on their insulating properties in devices like wires, cables and sensors.
Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
1. Diluted magnetic semiconductors aim to integrate semiconductor processing and ferromagnetic data storage on a single chip. Magnetic semiconductors are classes of materials that exhibit both semiconducting and magnetic properties.
2. The lecture discusses the theoretical picture of magnetic impurities in semiconductors based on the Zener model and mean-field theory. It also covers disorder, transport properties, and the anomalous Hall effect in diluted magnetic semiconductors.
3. The final sections discuss magnetic properties in the presence of disorder and recent developments, as well as open questions for the future of magnetic semiconductors.
Fullprof Refinement
The document discusses the use of Rietveld refinement for analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data. Rietveld refinement allows for the determination of phase purity, identification of crystal structures, refinement of structural parameters, quantitative phase analysis, and calculation of properties like lattice parameters, atomic positions, thermal vibrations, grain size, and magnetic moments. The document provides examples of Rietveld refinement output and parameters that can be refined.
37850691 magnetic-dipole
1. The document discusses magnetic dipoles and the Earth's magnetism. It defines a magnetic dipole as an arrangement of two equal and opposite magnetic poles separated by a distance, called the magnetic length.
2. A current-carrying coil acts as a magnetic dipole with the lower face as the south pole and upper face as the north pole. The magnetic dipole moment is proportional to the current and area of the coil.
3. The Earth has its own magnetic field of approximately 10-5 tesla on its surface, with magnetic poles about 2000 km from geographic poles and a magnetic axis tilted 20 degrees from the geographic axis.
B.tech sem i engineering physics u ii chapter 1-band theory of solid
This document provides an overview of band theory of solids. It discusses effective mass of electrons in solids, the concept of holes, and the energy band structure of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors are described, along with p-type and n-type materials. Simple diode and Zener diode operation is summarized, including forward and reverse bias conditions.
Hexa ferrites 2013
The document discusses hexagonal ferrites and methods for preparing thin films of hexagonal ferrites using the sol-gel method. It provides background on hexagonal ferrites, their properties, and common processing techniques. Specifically, it outlines the sol-gel method for producing hexagonal ferrite thin films, including the sol-gel formation process and spin coating deposition technique to create thin films less than 10 nm in thickness from the sol-gel precursor.
Polarization in Dielectrics | Applied Physics - II | Dielectrics
Polar and Non Polar Molecules
Dielectric Polarization
Gauss Law for Dielectric Materials
Types of Polarization
Maxwell's equations
The document discusses Maxwell's equations, which describe the fundamental interactions between electricity and magnetism. It provides an overview of each of Maxwell's equations, including Gauss's law for electric and magnetic fields, Faraday's law of induction, and the Ampere-Maxwell law. For each equation, it presents both the integral and differential forms, and provides explanatory notes about the meaning and implications of the equations.
Laser lecture01
This document provides an introduction to lasers and their applications. It begins with recommended textbooks on the subject, then provides a chart showing the laser spectrum and examples of different laser types and their wavelengths. The remainder of the document discusses the basic components and functioning of lasers, including the gain medium that provides stimulated emission, the pump source to create population inversion, and the optical cavity formed by mirrors. It also provides brief histories of the development of masers and the first ruby laser.
Band structure(2)
This document provides an overview of electronic band structure and Bloch theory in solid state physics. It discusses the differences between the Sommerfeld and Bloch approaches to modeling electron behavior in periodic solids. Key points include:
- Bloch's treatment models electrons using band indices and crystal momentum rather than just momentum.
- Bloch states follow classical dynamics on average, with crystal momentum replacing ordinary momentum.
- The band structure determines allowed electron energies and velocities for a given crystal momentum.
- Bloch's theory accounts for periodic potentials within the crystal lattice, allowing for band gaps and a more accurate description of electron behavior in solids.
Physics Notes First Year Class
This document provides comprehensive physics review notes for first year students. It is authored by Dr. Ram Chand Raguel, who has a PhD in Physics and is the Principal and Head of the Physics Department at Government Girls Degree College in Jhudo, Pakistan. The manuscript covers the scope of physics, including the classification of physics into branches like mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. It defines physical quantities and units, and explains dimensional analysis. The notes are intended to remove errors and omissions through feedback from students.
Sims mini mod
This document provides an overview of a science education module focusing on the analysis of samples collected by the Genesis solar wind mission. The module includes teacher guides, student texts, and an interactive simulation activity on secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The activity simulates using SIMS to remove and analyze solar wind particles from collectors at different depths. It allows students to interpret mass spectrometry data and identify elements. The module addresses various science standards and provides background on the challenges of analyzing the tiny Genesis samples, which total only 0.4 milligrams in mass.
More Related Content
What's hot
Elementary particles
This document provides an overview of elementary particles. It discusses their classification into baryons, leptons, and mesons. Baryons include protons, neutrons, and heavier hyperons. Leptons contain electrons, photons, neutrinos, and muons. Mesons have masses between baryons and leptons. Each particle is described along with its properties. The document also discusses particles and their antiparticles, and conservation laws related to parity, charge conjugation, time reversal, and the combined CPT symmetry.
Dft presentation
Density functional theory (DFT) provides an alternative approach to calculate properties of molecules by working with electron density rather than wave functions. DFT relies on two theorems linking the ground state energy and electron density. Approximations must be made for the exchange-correlation functional, with popular approximations including LDA, GGA, and hybrid functionals. DFT calculations can determine properties like molecular geometries, energies, vibrational frequencies, and more using software packages. While computationally efficient, DFT has limitations such as its reliance on approximate exchange-correlation functionals.
Density of states of bulk semiconductor
This document discusses the density of states (DoS) for bulk semiconductors. It begins by defining DoS as the number of available energy states per unit energy interval per unit dimension in real space. It then derives the DoS for bulk semiconductors using the Bloch theorem and shows that the DoS is proportional to the square root of energy. Finally, it defines the effective DoS, which accounts for occupancy based on the Fermi-Dirac distribution.
Unit 3
This document provides an overview of the key topics in Unit 3 of the Applied Physics course. The unit covers:
1. Classical and quantum free electron theories of metals, including the Drude-Lorentz model and Sommerfeld's quantum model.
2. Mean free path, relaxation time, and drift velocity of electrons in metals.
3. The Fermi level and Fermi-Dirac distribution of electron energies.
4. Classification of materials as insulators, semiconductors, or conductors based on their band structure and energy gaps.
Zeeman Effect
The Zeeman effect is the splitting of a spectral line into multiple spectral lines when in the presence of a magnetic field. It was first observed in 1896 by Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman when he placed a sodium flame between magnetic poles and observed the broadening of spectral lines. Zeeman's discovery earned him the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics. The pattern and amount of splitting provides information about the strength and presence of the magnetic field.
Rutherford's model of an atom and alpha particle scattering experiment
Rutherford conducted an experiment where he aimed a beam of alpha particles at a thin gold foil. Most particles passed through but some bounced straight back, indicating the atom had a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. This led to Rutherford's model of the atom as a small nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. However, this model is unstable as electromagnetic theory suggests electrons in circular orbits would radiate energy and eventually collide with the nucleus. A new model was needed to explain the stability of atoms.
Energy bands and gaps in semiconductor
This document summarizes a seminar on energy bands and gaps in semiconductors. It discusses the introduction of energy bands, including valence bands, conduction bands, and forbidden gaps. It describes how materials are classified as insulators, conductors, or semiconductors based on their band gap energies. Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors are also defined. Intrinsic, n-type, and p-type semiconductors are classified based on their majority charge carriers.
semiconductors ppt
This document is a lecture on semiconductors by Dr. K. Vagdevi. It discusses different types of semiconductors including intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Extrinsic semiconductors are further divided into n-type and p-type semiconductors depending on whether they are doped with pentavelent or trivalent impurities. The key differences between n-type and p-type semiconductors are also summarized. The document also explains carrier generation, recombination, diffusion, drift, and the Hall effect in semiconductors.
Brillouin zone and wigner seitz cell
The Wigner-Seitz cell is a Voronoi cell used to study crystalline solids in physics. It is defined as the region in space closer to a given lattice point than any other. The Wigner-Seitz cell of the reciprocal lattice is called the first Brillouin zone. In one dimension the Wigner-Seitz cell is an interval, in two dimensions it is typically a hexagon, and in three dimensions it takes the shape of the smallest polyhedron enclosing the lattice point and its nearest neighbors. Higher order Brillouin zones are identified by planes perpendicular to reciprocal lattice vectors, with the first zone being the smallest such region around the origin.
Solid state physics lec 1
This document discusses solid state physics and crystal structures. It begins by defining solid state physics as explaining the properties of solid materials by analyzing the interactions between atomic nuclei and electrons. It then discusses different types of solids including single crystals, polycrystalline materials, and amorphous solids. Single crystals have long-range periodic atomic order, while polycrystalline materials are made of many small crystals joined together and amorphous solids lack long-range order. The document goes on to describe crystal structures including crystal lattices, unit cells, and common crystal systems such as cubic, hexagonal, and orthorhombic. It provides examples of crystal structures including sodium chloride and its cubic lattice structure.
find the dielectric constant of a given material. made by sashikant tiwari.
1. The document discusses how to measure the dielectric constant of solid and liquid substances using a dielectric constant kit. It involves connecting a test capacitor both with and without the dielectric material and noting the change in capacitance.
2. The key aspects of dielectrics are described, including that they have permanent electric dipole moments and are electrical insulators. Dielectric constant is defined as the ratio of the material's permeability to that of free space.
3. Common applications of dielectrics include use in capacitors for energy storage and providing bursts of power. Some uses also rely on their insulating properties in devices like wires, cables and sensors.
Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
1. Diluted magnetic semiconductors aim to integrate semiconductor processing and ferromagnetic data storage on a single chip. Magnetic semiconductors are classes of materials that exhibit both semiconducting and magnetic properties.
2. The lecture discusses the theoretical picture of magnetic impurities in semiconductors based on the Zener model and mean-field theory. It also covers disorder, transport properties, and the anomalous Hall effect in diluted magnetic semiconductors.
3. The final sections discuss magnetic properties in the presence of disorder and recent developments, as well as open questions for the future of magnetic semiconductors.
Fullprof Refinement
The document discusses the use of Rietveld refinement for analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data. Rietveld refinement allows for the determination of phase purity, identification of crystal structures, refinement of structural parameters, quantitative phase analysis, and calculation of properties like lattice parameters, atomic positions, thermal vibrations, grain size, and magnetic moments. The document provides examples of Rietveld refinement output and parameters that can be refined.
37850691 magnetic-dipole
1. The document discusses magnetic dipoles and the Earth's magnetism. It defines a magnetic dipole as an arrangement of two equal and opposite magnetic poles separated by a distance, called the magnetic length.
2. A current-carrying coil acts as a magnetic dipole with the lower face as the south pole and upper face as the north pole. The magnetic dipole moment is proportional to the current and area of the coil.
3. The Earth has its own magnetic field of approximately 10-5 tesla on its surface, with magnetic poles about 2000 km from geographic poles and a magnetic axis tilted 20 degrees from the geographic axis.
B.tech sem i engineering physics u ii chapter 1-band theory of solid
This document provides an overview of band theory of solids. It discusses effective mass of electrons in solids, the concept of holes, and the energy band structure of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors are described, along with p-type and n-type materials. Simple diode and Zener diode operation is summarized, including forward and reverse bias conditions.
Hexa ferrites 2013
The document discusses hexagonal ferrites and methods for preparing thin films of hexagonal ferrites using the sol-gel method. It provides background on hexagonal ferrites, their properties, and common processing techniques. Specifically, it outlines the sol-gel method for producing hexagonal ferrite thin films, including the sol-gel formation process and spin coating deposition technique to create thin films less than 10 nm in thickness from the sol-gel precursor.
Polarization in Dielectrics | Applied Physics - II | Dielectrics
Polar and Non Polar Molecules
Dielectric Polarization
Gauss Law for Dielectric Materials
Types of Polarization
Maxwell's equations
The document discusses Maxwell's equations, which describe the fundamental interactions between electricity and magnetism. It provides an overview of each of Maxwell's equations, including Gauss's law for electric and magnetic fields, Faraday's law of induction, and the Ampere-Maxwell law. For each equation, it presents both the integral and differential forms, and provides explanatory notes about the meaning and implications of the equations.
Laser lecture01
This document provides an introduction to lasers and their applications. It begins with recommended textbooks on the subject, then provides a chart showing the laser spectrum and examples of different laser types and their wavelengths. The remainder of the document discusses the basic components and functioning of lasers, including the gain medium that provides stimulated emission, the pump source to create population inversion, and the optical cavity formed by mirrors. It also provides brief histories of the development of masers and the first ruby laser.
Band structure(2)
This document provides an overview of electronic band structure and Bloch theory in solid state physics. It discusses the differences between the Sommerfeld and Bloch approaches to modeling electron behavior in periodic solids. Key points include:
- Bloch's treatment models electrons using band indices and crystal momentum rather than just momentum.
- Bloch states follow classical dynamics on average, with crystal momentum replacing ordinary momentum.
- The band structure determines allowed electron energies and velocities for a given crystal momentum.
- Bloch's theory accounts for periodic potentials within the crystal lattice, allowing for band gaps and a more accurate description of electron behavior in solids.
What's hot (20)
Rutherford's model of an atom and alpha particle scattering experiment
Rutherford's model of an atom and alpha particle scattering experiment
find the dielectric constant of a given material. made by sashikant tiwari.
find the dielectric constant of a given material. made by sashikant tiwari.
B.tech sem i engineering physics u ii chapter 1-band theory of solid
B.tech sem i engineering physics u ii chapter 1-band theory of solid
Polarization in Dielectrics | Applied Physics - II | Dielectrics
Polarization in Dielectrics | Applied Physics - II | Dielectrics
Similar to Computational physics
Physics Notes First Year Class
This document provides comprehensive physics review notes for first year students. It is authored by Dr. Ram Chand Raguel, who has a PhD in Physics and is the Principal and Head of the Physics Department at Government Girls Degree College in Jhudo, Pakistan. The manuscript covers the scope of physics, including the classification of physics into branches like mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. It defines physical quantities and units, and explains dimensional analysis. The notes are intended to remove errors and omissions through feedback from students.
Sims mini mod
This document provides an overview of a science education module focusing on the analysis of samples collected by the Genesis solar wind mission. The module includes teacher guides, student texts, and an interactive simulation activity on secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The activity simulates using SIMS to remove and analyze solar wind particles from collectors at different depths. It allows students to interpret mass spectrometry data and identify elements. The module addresses various science standards and provides background on the challenges of analyzing the tiny Genesis samples, which total only 0.4 milligrams in mass.
Phys nuclphys196p
This document provides a high-level overview of physics as a field of study. It discusses the scope and aims of physics, including describing phenomena from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest galaxies. It also summarizes some of the main branches and domains of physics research, including condensed matter physics, atomic/molecular/optical physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and biophysics. Additionally, it briefly outlines the history of physics and its relationship to other sciences and mathematics.
Careers in-astronomy
This document discusses careers in astronomy. Astronomy involves the study of factors that constitute the universe, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, and the motion of celestial objects. It seeks to address questions about the origin of life, existence of life outside our solar system, activities in the universe and their impact on Earth, the expansion and formation of the universe. Astronomy is divided into observational astronomy and theoretical astrophysics. A minimum of a doctorate degree is required for a career in astronomy. Education involves studying mathematics and physics and obtaining advanced degrees. Employment is typically at research institutions, universities, government agencies, and space research organizations.
course ch1An Introduction to Physics.pdf
The document is an introduction to physics that discusses:
1) What physics is and its goal of describing interactions in nature.
2) Some applications of physics in areas like engineering, biology, and medicine.
3) The importance of experimentation in developing and testing theories, models, and laws that describe patterns in nature.
Important Branches of Physics for Students
This document discusses physics and provides an overview of its branches. Physics is based on experiments, measurements, and mathematical equations to understand quantitative laws governing the universe from micro to macro scales. It has various branches including classical physics, modern physics, nuclear physics, atomic physics, astrophysics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, and thermodynamics. The document recommends Dream Assignment for physics assignments, noting they have expert professionals who complete assignments accurately and on time at low cost. Contact information is provided to learn more.
Introduction to physics for elements of physics
Physics aims to describe how the universe behaves from the movement of tiny particles to large objects like spaceships. It studies nature to understand the functions of everything around us. For example, physics describes how electricity interacts with circuits in devices like smartphones, helping engineers design them. It also explains the relationship between speed, distance, and time which GPS uses to calculate travel times between locations. The study of physics makes significant contributions through advances that arise from theoretical breakthroughs and its foundations support many disciplines including astronomy, engineering, and other sciences.
1.1 What is Physics?
Physics is the study of the physical world and how it behaves. It can be broken down into seven main categories including mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, and electromagnetism. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, testing with experiments, and drawing conclusions. Models are used to simplify complex physical systems and guide hypothesis building and experimental design by focusing only on relevant characteristics.
article_45331.pdf
This document discusses using simulation software to teach elementary oscillations in physics education. It describes using Mathematica to model harmonic, damped, and forced oscillators that students previously studied through laboratory experiments. Students wrote programs to simulate the oscillators, producing solutions, graphs, and animations. They studied how varying parameters affected the models. The results showed this approach helped students better understand oscillations through multiple representations compared to traditional lectures or laboratories alone.
37518 space radiation teacher guide
This document provides information about radiation sources in space and their effects. It describes cosmic rays, gamma background radiation, and the solar wind as major sources of radiation in space. It then outlines several learning activities about radiation, including what radiation is, the sun as a radiation source, radiation from deep space, and how to protect humans from space radiation. The activities provide resources about each topic, including websites, articles, and challenges related to measuring and understanding space radiation.
Special theory of relativity (questions for discussion)
This paper provides many difficult questions concerning Special Theory of Relativity
To explain that the theory needs extension.
In fact – the theory is so hard to be understood – and I try to prove that this theory is a correct theory but it's just a part of a general one which is NOT GR !
Let's define the discussion content in following
Discussion Content
1- Special Theory of Relativity Hypothesis
2- The Relativistic Effects (Length Contraction As Example)
3- Matter Creation (Preferred Reference of Frame)
4- The Relative Concept
5- A New Relativistic Feature (My Conclusion)
Module 1 physics basic science
This module introduces physics as the basic science. It discusses how physics relates to other sciences and technologies. The module contains 4 lessons that expect students to learn about the nature of physics, its connections to technology and society, the role of physicists, and using the scientific method. Students are instructed to read the lessons, complete activities testing their understanding, and take pre- and post-tests to measure learning. Physics principles have many applications, and the module aims to help students appreciate the role of physics in the modern world.
Nature of Physics and Issues in Teaching Physics.pptx
The document discusses the nature of physics, issues in teaching physics, and the role of physics teachers. Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interaction. It is fundamentally mathematical and seeks to understand natural phenomena. Challenges in teaching physics include its abstract concepts, students' weak mathematical backgrounds, and lack of resources. Effective physics teaching requires proper laboratories, qualified teachers, sufficient time, and connecting concepts to real-life. The role of teachers is to prepare well, develop students' scientific literacy, and foster interaction through hands-on learning and relating physics to daily experiences.
SCI 110Coursehttpcreate.mcgraw-hill.comCopyrigh.docx
SCI 110Course
http://create.mcgraw-hill.com
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as
permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form
or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system,
without prior written permission of the publisher.
This McGraw-Hill Create text may include materials submitted to
McGraw-Hill for publication by the instructor of this course.
The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such
materials. Instructors retain copyright of these additional materials.
ISBN-10: ISBN-13:
2013
1121838936 9781121838932
Contents
1. The Scientific Method 1
2. Section for Chapter 1 27
3. Motion 29
4. Section for Chapter 2 65
5. Energy 68
6. Section for Chapter 3 97
iii
Credits
1. The Scientific Method: Chapter 1 from The Physical Universe, 15th Edition by Krauskopf, Beiser, 2014 1
2. Section for Chapter 1: Chapter from The Physical Universe, 15th Edition by Krauskopf, Beiser, 2014 27
3. Motion: Chapter 2 from The Physical Universe, 15th Edition by Krauskopf, Beiser, 2014 29
4. Section for Chapter 2: Chapter from The Physical Universe, 15th Edition by Krauskopf, Beiser, 2014 65
5. Energy: Chapter 3 from The Physical Universe, 15th Edition by Krauskopf, Beiser, 2014 68
6. Section for Chapter 3: Chapter from The Physical Universe, 15th Edition by Krauskopf, Beiser, 2014 97
iv
Hell
I Sphe
re of the Moon
II Sphe
re of Mercury
III Sph
ere of Venus
IV Sph
ere of the Sun
V Spher
e of Mars
VI Spher
e of Jupiter
of SaturnVI
II Sph
ere of the fixed stars. The Zodiac
IX Cry
stalline sphere. Primum Mobile
VII Sphe
re
Purgatory
He
mis
pher
e
of
wa
ter
The D
ark
W
oo
d
Ai
r
Jerusalem
Earthly
Paradise
H
em
isphere
of Earth
Fire
Confirming Pages
1
1
How Scientists Study Nature
1.1 The Scientific Method
Four Steps
• What the scientific method is.
• The difference between a law and a
theory.
• The role of models in science.
1.2 Why Science Is Successful
Science Is a Living Body of Knowledge,
Not a Set of Frozen Ideas
• Why the scientific method is so success-
ful in understanding the natural world.
The Solar System
1.3 A Survey of the Sky
Everything Seems to Circle the North
Star
• Why Polaris seems almost stationary in
the sky.
• How to distinguish planets from stars
without a telescope.
1.4 The Ptolemaic System
The Earth as the Center of the Universe
• How the ptolemaic system explains the
astronomical universe.
1.5 The Copernican System
A Spinning Earth That Circles the Sun
• How the copernican system explains
the astronomical system.
1.6 Kepler’s Laws
How the Planets Actually Move
• The significance of Kepler’s laws.
1.7 Why Copernicus Was Right
Evidence Was Needed That Supported
His Model Wh.
AAS National Conference 2008: Jon Morse
Session 2: Space Science – the Next Decade
18 November 2008, Pasadena California
http://www.astronautical.org/conference/conference-2008
Approaches_for_planning_the_ISS_cosmonau
This document discusses approaches for planning training for International Space Station cosmonauts. It describes the cosmonaut training process, which consists of general space training, training in groups by spacecraft or specialty, and training in crews. It then presents six mathematical models for planning training volumes and calendars to minimize time differences, costs, or maximize training levels under budget constraints. Finally, it introduces three algorithms - a heuristic, partition algorithm, and integer programming - for solving the planning problems. The goal is to develop optimized training plans for ISS crews in a more efficient manner than current manual methods.
Physics in sight_0415_pcwide
Brian grew up loving astronomy and earned his PhD in particle physics. He is now a researcher with the ATLAS experiment at CERN, a physics professor at the University of Manchester, and a science communicator on BBC programs. He believes exploration of the universe through experiments like those at CERN is vital. Kathy McCormick also earned her PhD in physics and now works as a subject matter expert for the US Customs and Border Protection, where she defines regulations and tests new security equipment, drawing on her experience with radiation detection equipment during her thesis research. Sam Wurzel earned his master's in physics and co-founded Octopart, an online parts search engine, after becoming frustrated searching paper catalogs as a graduate student and being
Aswathi
The Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC) was formed in 1956 by a group of university and secondary school physics teachers to develop an improved introductory high school physics course. The PSSC organized teams of teachers to create instructional materials including a textbook, films, labs, and tests. These materials were tested in classrooms for 3 years before being finalized. The goal of the PSSC course was to present a modern view of physics and encourage scientific inquiry in students.
GrantProposalSethKrantzler_Fra
The document discusses detailed numerical modeling of multi-planet systems discovered by the Kepler spacecraft. The author aims to model the effect of tides on the formation and evolution of Kepler multi-planet systems with two close planets in tight orbits. They will extract data from NASA's exoplanet archive to build numerical models incorporating the latest understanding of tidal dissipation. Comparing models to observations may help explain trends in planetary properties and the long-term stability of these systems.
Similar to Computational physics (20)
Special theory of relativity (questions for discussion)
Special theory of relativity (questions for discussion)
Nature of Physics and Issues in Teaching Physics.pptx
Nature of Physics and Issues in Teaching Physics.pptx
SCI 110Coursehttpcreate.mcgraw-hill.comCopyrigh.docx
SCI 110Coursehttpcreate.mcgraw-hill.comCopyrigh.docx
Recently uploaded
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Recently uploaded (20)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Computational physics
- 1. COMPOTATIONAL PHYSICS Presented By :- Muhammad Umair Roll Number :- 27 Instructor :- Ma’am Atika Firdos Dept. Physics University Of Sahiwal
- 2. QUESTIONS DEVELOPED IN MIND
- 3. WHY COMPOTATIONAL PHYSICS? 1: Definition 2: Purpose of Course 3: Scientific Programming Methodology And Languages 4: Applications
- 4. DEFINATION Computational Physics is the study and implementation of numerical algorithm and the techniques which make calculations easy using computers. The science of using computers to assist in the solution of physical problems, and to further physics research.
- 5. PURPOSE OF COURSE The purpose of this course is demonstrate to students how computers can enable us to both broaden and deepen our understanding of physics by vastly increasing the range of mathematical calculations which we can conveniently perform.
- 6. Scientific Programming Methodology Basically, there are two possible methods by which we could perform the numerical calculations which we are going to encounter during this course First, we could use a mathematical software package, such as MATHEMATICA, MAPLE or MATLAB. The main advantage of these packages is that they facilitate the very rapid coding up of numerical problems. We could write our own programs in a high-level languages as FORTRAN 77, C, C++,(oop) object oriented program
- 7. APPLICATIONS Due to the broad class of problems computational physics deals, it is an essential component of modern research in different areas of physics, namely Accelerator Physics Astrophysics Plasma Physics
- 8. ACCELERATOR PHYSICS Accelerator physics is a branch of applied physics, concerned with designing, building and operating particle accelerators. As such, it can be described as the study of motion, observation of charged particle beam.
- 10. ASTROPHYSICS Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space. Among the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, planets. Some areas of study for astrophysicists include their attempts to determine: the properties of dark matter, dark energy, black holes; whether or time travel, wormholes can form, or the multiverse exists.
- 12. PLASMA PHYSICS Plasma (from Ancient Greek), meaning "moldable substance" or "jelly")is one of the four fundamental states of matter, while the others are solid, liquid, and gas. Unlike these three states of matter, plasma does not naturally exist on the Earth under normal surface conditions, and can only be artificially generated from neutral gases. It can simply be considered as a gaseous mixture of negatively charged electrons and highly charged positive ions, being created by heating a gas or by subjecting gas to a strong electromagnetic field.
- 14. THanK yOu For Your Attention