The document discusses the community health nursing process. It defines the community health nursing process as a systematic series of steps followed by public health nurses to address community health problems using community resources. The main steps of the nursing process are: 1) establishing relationships with the community, 2) assessing health needs and problems, 3) setting objectives, 4) planning and implementing interventions, and 5) evaluating interventions. Principles for effective community health nursing include exploring the community, establishing relationships, understanding the health system, providing realistic services, and maintaining collaboration.
Nurse's role in community Health nurseHafiza Afrin
Topic 03: ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only the individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.
The seven major roles of a community health nurse are:
1. Care provider. "Clinician role".
2. Educator.
3. Advocate.
4. Manager.
5. Collaborator.
6. Leader.
7.Researcher.
Seven roles & influence on people’s health:
1. Clinician: Focus on holism, health promotion & prevention while using expanded skills.
2. Educator: Plan for community wide impact.
3. Advocate: Support client self determination & responsive systems.
4. Manager: Participative approach with community.
5. Collaboration: Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership
6. Leadership: Change agent.
7. Researcher: Systematic investigation, collaboration and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence evidence-based findings to community settings.
Nurse's role in community Health nurseHafiza Afrin
Topic 03: ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. The focus of nursing includes not only the individual, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires multiple roles.
The seven major roles of a community health nurse are:
1. Care provider. "Clinician role".
2. Educator.
3. Advocate.
4. Manager.
5. Collaborator.
6. Leader.
7.Researcher.
Seven roles & influence on people’s health:
1. Clinician: Focus on holism, health promotion & prevention while using expanded skills.
2. Educator: Plan for community wide impact.
3. Advocate: Support client self determination & responsive systems.
4. Manager: Participative approach with community.
5. Collaboration: Multidisciplinary collegiality & leadership
6. Leadership: Change agent.
7. Researcher: Systematic investigation, collaboration and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence evidence-based findings to community settings.
This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Easy to discuss and understand by the summarize topics of 3 which is Community Health Nursing, COPAR and Primary Health Care. Sources from different presentations and Shield book. MOSTLY COMPLETE AND COMPREHENSIBLE!!!
This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Easy to discuss and understand by the summarize topics of 3 which is Community Health Nursing, COPAR and Primary Health Care. Sources from different presentations and Shield book. MOSTLY COMPLETE AND COMPREHENSIBLE!!!
To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
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Unit I Introduction for II B Sc Nursing
By Mrs. Nithyashree B V Asst Professor Yenepoya nursing college Yenepoya Deemed to be university Derlakatte Mangaluru
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. • Community health nurse is
responsible to provide general
and comprehensive public health
and nursing services to the
people at large in a defined
community.
3. • She is vested with the
responsibility of rendering
people to solve their health and
nursing care problems in their
place of living and work.
4. • This process of rendering care
can be done by making use of
NURSING PROCESS and
PRINCIPLES as applicable in the
community settings.
6. DEFINITION
• Community Health Nursing Process
is a systematic, scientific, dynamic,
on-going interpersonal process in
which the nurses and the clients are
viewed as a system with each
affecting one and another and both
being affected by the factors within
the behaviour.
7. DEFINITION
• “Community Health Nursing
Process refers to systematic
series of steps which are
followed by public health nurse
in community health and nursing
problems using community
approaches and resources”.
8. ADVANTAGE
• Community Health Nursing
process is an effective tool to
help people solve their health
problems and meet their health
and nursing needs.
9. STEPS
1. ESTABLISHING & MAINTAINING
WORKING RELATIONSHIP.
2. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH NEEDS &
HEALTH PROBLEMS.
3. SETTING OBJECTIVES.
4. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING
INTERVENTIONS.
5. EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS.
11. I. ESTABILISHIBG & MAINTAINING
WORKING RELATIONSHIP
• Community health Nursing
process is helping community
people and families identify their
health problems and develop
competencies to solve their
health problems and meet their
health and nursing needs.
12. • This is enabled when the
community health nurse
establishes a good working
relationship with the families and
communities.
• Working relationship is
productive in nature.
13. • In “working relationship”
between community health nurse
and the community
people/families, there is a free
dialoguing and an attitude of trust
and confidence in the integrality
and capabilities of each other to
meet health and nursing goals.
14. • A working relationship between
a nurse and the community is
initiated and maintained by the
following means:
1.Knowing the client (community).
15. 2. Communicating intensions and
nature of help and assistance
that would be extended.
3. Attentive listening and
responding in between.
16. 4. Answering heir queries.
5. Considering their views.
6. Appreciating what is
worthwhile.
7. Empathetic attitude.
17. 8. Meeting their immediate needs
and needs which are
considered important by
them.
18. II. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH
NEEDS & HEALTH PROBLEMS
• The community health nurse
comes to know the health needs
and problems of the community
as she explores the community.
19. • The problems could be a large
family size, malnutrition in
children, incomplete
immunization, anaemia in
pregnant and nursing mothers,
several morbidity conditons-TB,
malaria, diarhoea etc.,
20. • After obtaining the list of health
needs and problems, the
community health nurse needs
to prioritize the problems, as all
the problems cannot be dealt
with simultaneously.
21. • The priority is determined on the
basis of underlying criteria:
1. The nature of the problem, its
prevalence, impact and
prognosis.
22. 2.Community’s perception of the
problem i.e., whether the
problem is felt by the community
and considers serious.
3. Preventive potential i.e.,
whether the problem can be
prevented or not.
23. III. SETTING OBJECTIVES
• Once the problems are
prioritized, it is very important to
set up objectives relevant to
each of the problems identified.
24. E.g., - Malnutrition
• To assess the
growth and
development of all
the under five
children in a defined
community to find
out malnourished
children.
25. • To get the medical examination
done for all the malnourished
children.
• To carry out prescribed
treatment and provide care to all
malnourished children.
26. • To do a regular monitoring of
nutrition status of all children.
• To enroll all children with
anganwadi for availing food
supplements.
27. • To educate mothers and
population in general about the
malnutrition and importance of
nutritious diet.
29. • Once the objectives are
formulated it is necessary to
identify interventions to be
implemented to achieve the
objectives.
30. • Various actions are decided and
implemented as being most
effective in order to solve
particular problems (e.g.,
problem of malnutrition among
under 5)
31. • As the action is implemented,
the community health nurse
gives direct nursing care either
by herself or through ANM.
• She also helps the community to
develop their own resources and
mobilize outside resources also.
32. V. EVALUATION OF ACTION
PLAN
• Evaluation of interventions
determines the effectiveness of
actions implemented –
i.e.whether the desired results
intended are achieved or not.
33. • Evaluation also helps in finding
out the reasons for not achieving
the desired goal.
• This helps in making further
improvement ( feedback and re
plan, re implement and re-
evaluate)
34. • The effectiveness of intervention
depends upon its objectives and
is determined on the basis of the
following criteria:
1. Population coverage.
35. 2. Utilization of services provided.
3. Outcomes in terms of reduction
in morbidity rates (increase in
life expectancy).
36. 4. Change in knowledge, attitude
and practice, degree of
independence.
37. • Evaluation thus made is both
qualitative and quantitative.
• An effective evaluation strategy
has the following characteristics:
38. 1. Well defined measurable
objectives.
2. Well defined action plan.
3. Has a base line statistical
information for comparison.
39. 4. Observe changes in health
knowledge, attitudes and
practices.
5. Analyze and interpret the facts
(data) observed and recorded.
40. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING PROCESS
• Principles are rules for
community health practice or
actions.
• Theses provide guidelines to
function in the community
effectively & efficiently.
41. 1. Community health nurse must
explore and know various
aspects of a defined
community to be able to plan
and implement health
services.
42. 2. Community health nurse must
make a map of the community
showing the geographical
boundaries, important roads,
streets, housing networks,
church/temple/mosque,
school, post office. This helps
in plotting the house for care.
43. 3. Community health nurse must
establish good working
relationship as it helps in
providing need based care.
44. 4. Community health nurse must
know the health care delivery
system, health policies, health
goals, health actions, national
health care programmes while
rendering health services.
45. 5. The community health nurse
should provide realistic health
services ( in terms of available
resources, funds).
46. 6. community health nurse must
organize health services at
large for the community and
render the services to the
family which is the unit of
community.
47. 7. Community health nurse must
continuously keep in touch
with the community and
provide wellness oriented
comprehensive services
continuously.
48. 8. community health nurse must
work in collaboration with
other team members…
therefore she needs to know
the roles and responsibilities
of the other team members.
49. 9. Community health nurse
educates in giving care to
individual, family and
community. The health
education should aim at
providing a comprehensive
health knowledge to the
community.
50. 10. Community health nurse must
maintain proper health
records, registers . (These are
legal documents) These
records help in planning and
evaluation of the services.
51. 11. The community health nurse
must evaluate her services to
find out achievement. Eg.,
population covered, actions
planned and recorded.
52. 12. The community health nurse
must provide services to all
without any discrimination of
age, gender, colour, caste,
nationality, political
affiliation, religion, as every
individual has a right to
optimum health.
53. 13. The community health nurse
must not interfere with
people’s religious, political
beliefs, but respect every one
without any prejudice.
54. 14. Community health nurse
should work in close
consultation with employing
authority (Govt, public trust,
NGO).
55. 15. Community health nurse
should develop and maintain
professional relationship with
health and health allies
agencies (Block Development
Office, Panchayats, Voluntary
Organizations).
56. 16. Community health nurse must
never accept any bribe or gift
against professional ethics.
57. 17. The community health nurse
must have an active
participation with the
community people in taking
care of their own needs and
health problems. (This can be
done by mass awareness
campaign).
58. 18. The community health nurse
must be aware and closely co-
ordinate with the local formal
and informal leaders.