The document discusses the nursing process used in community health settings. It defines community health nursing process as a systematic, ongoing process where nurses and clients work as a system to address health issues. The main steps of the nursing process are: 1) establishing relationships with the community, 2) assessing health needs and problems, 3) setting objectives, 4) planning and implementing interventions, and 5) evaluating interventions. Key principles for community health nurses include exploring the community, establishing relationships, providing education, and working collaboratively with other organizations and community members.
Health maintenance refers to any activity or behavior undertaken primarily for the purpose of protecting or assuring current level of health.
It is activities that preserve an individuals present state of health and also prevents occurence of disease and injury.
It consist of surveillance , level of preventions and health education .
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Health maintenance refers to any activity or behavior undertaken primarily for the purpose of protecting or assuring current level of health.
It is activities that preserve an individuals present state of health and also prevents occurence of disease and injury.
It consist of surveillance , level of preventions and health education .
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles
To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
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“Patient Education is an individualized, systematic, structured process to assess and impart knowledge or develop a skill in order to effect a change in behavior. The goal is to increase comprehension and participation in the self-management of health care needs.”
“A restraint is any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his/her arms, legs, body or head freely” (e.g. -Safe keeper bed, Posey bed, safety mitt, soft limb restraint), or a restraint is a drug or medication when it is used as a restriction to manage the patient's behavior or restrict the patient's freedom of movement and is not standard treatment or dosage for the patient's condition A restraint does not include devices, such as orthopedically prescribed devices, surgical dressings or bandages, protective helmets, or other methods that involve the physical holding of a patient for the purpose of conducting routine physical examinations or tests, or to protect the patient from falling out of bed, or to permit the patient to participate in activities without the risk of physical harm., side rails, airways, trapeze etc.
Unit 10 Promoting Safety in Health Care Enevronment (FON).pdfKULDEEP VYAS
Healthcare environments need to provide a balance between the need for practical and clinical activities or procedures to take place within them, while creating an environment that can contribute to a good experience.
International Nurses Day
IND is celebrated around the world every May 12, the anniversary of Florence Nightingale's birth. ICN commemorates this important day each year with the production and distribution of the International Nurses' Day (IND) resources and evidence.
Fluorosis is a cosmetic condition that affects the teeth. It's caused by overexposure to fluoride during the first eight years of life. This is the time when most permanent teeth are being formed. After the teeth come in, the teeth of those affected by fluorosis may appear mildly discolored.
Evaluation is a process used to determine what has happened during a given activity or in an institution.Evaluation requires many skills that are as important as other elements of the instructional process.
Human resource management in hospital and community servicesKULDEEP VYAS
HRM is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment ,managing and providing direction for the people working in that organization.
*It is the organizational function dealing with issues related to people such as hiring, compensation, performance management ,safety, organization development, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration and training.
Moulding or training of the mind and character to bring about desired behaviour is known as discipline.it helps a person to have some control over another person.
Patient ASSIGNMENT does not only mean that dividing the patient among available staff nurses but it is assigning an individual patient or group of patients to nurses according to the required nursing care needs and nurses capability to provide the quality care
Directing leading in hospital and community servicesKULDEEP VYAS
Directing is the fourth phase of the management process, it can also be called as coordinating or activating
*Here the leadership and the management skills are both required in order to accomplish the goal of the organization.
*It consists of 2 major components like guidance and supervision which is to be done during job process which help the nurses to utilize their total skills and knowledge in providing the quality care.
Commonly used Insecticides and Pesticides KULDEEP VYAS
Pesticides include insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. There are several thousand different types in use and almost all of them are possible causes of water pollution. For example, DDT, malathion, parathion, delthametrine and others have been sprayed in the environment for long periods of time for the control of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, and to control the growth of weeds and other pests.
Material management in hospital and community servicesKULDEEP VYAS
Material management is a methodical technique that includes planning strategies, systemizing and regulating the flow of material from procurement till the point of disembarkation.
It is the process of coordination and controlling the activities in an organization. It includes the responsibility of purchasing the materials, their scheduling from supply or from other internal sources, their handling, storage and movement through the organization, and their delivery.
-It is a statement of anticipated results during a designated
time period expressed financial and nonfinancial terms.
-Three essential steps in the control process are establishing standards, comparing results with standards and taking corrective action.
-Budgeting process starts when top-level management establishes the strategies and goals for the organization.
The client classification system or patient classification system is the cluster of clients that has been categorized on the specific characteristics, needs ,requirements and their severity of the disease conditions based on which patient assignment is made to provide nursing care.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. • Community health nurse is
responsible to provide general
and comprehensive public health
and nursing services to the
people at large in a defined
community.
3. • She is vested with the
responsibility of rendering
people to solve their health and
nursing care problems in their
place of living and work.
4. • This process of rendering care
can be done by making use of
NURSING PROCESS and
PRINCIPLES as applicable in the
community settings.
6. DEFINITION
• Community Health Nursing Process
is a systematic, scientific, dynamic,
on-going interpersonal process in
which the nurses and the clients are
viewed as a system with each
affecting one and another and both
being affected by the factors within
the behaviour.
7. DEFINITION
• “Community Health Nursing
Process refers to systematic
series of steps which are
followed by public health nurse
in community health and nursing
problems using community
approaches and resources”.
8. ADVANTAGE
• Community Health Nursing
process is an effective tool to
help people solve their health
problems and meet their health
and nursing needs.
9. STEPS
1. ESTABLISHING & MAINTAINING
WORKING RELATIONSHIP.
2. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH NEEDS &
HEALTH PROBLEMS.
3. SETTING OBJECTIVES.
4. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING
INTERVENTIONS.
5. EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS.
11. I. ESTABILISHIBG & MAINTAINING
WORKING RELATIONSHIP
• Community health Nursing
process is helping community
people and families identify their
health problems and develop
competencies to solve their
health problems and meet their
health and nursing needs.
12. • This is enabled when the
community health nurse
establishes a good working
relationship with the families and
communities.
• Working relationship is
productive in nature.
13. • In “working relationship”
between community health nurse
and the community
people/families, there is a free
dialoguing and an attitude of trust
and confidence in the integrality
and capabilities of each other to
meet health and nursing goals.
14. • A working relationship between
a nurse and the community is
initiated and maintained by the
following means:
1.Knowing the client (community).
15. 2. Communicating intensions and
nature of help and assistance
that would be extended.
3. Attentive listening and
responding in between.
16. 4. Answering heir queries.
5. Considering their views.
6. Appreciating what is
worthwhile.
7. Empathetic attitude.
17. 8. Meeting their immediate needs
and needs which are
considered important by
them.
18. II. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH
NEEDS & HEALTH PROBLEMS
• The community health nurse
comes to know the health needs
and problems of the community
as she explores the community.
19. • The problems could be a large
family size, malnutrition in
children, incomplete
immunization, anaemia in
pregnant and nursing mothers,
several morbidity conditons-TB,
malaria, diarhoea etc.,
20. • After obtaining the list of health
needs and problems, the
community health nurse needs
to prioritize the problems, as all
the problems cannot be dealt
with simultaneously.
21. • The priority is determined on the
basis of underlying criteria:
1. The nature of the problem, its
prevalence, impact and
prognosis.
22. 2.Community’s perception of the
problem i.e., whether the
problem is felt by the community
and considers serious.
3.Preventive potential i.e.,
whether the problem can be
prevented or not.
23. III. SETTING OBJECTIVES
• Once the problems are
prioritized, it is very important to
set up objectives relevant to
each of the problems identified.
24. E.g., - Malnutrition
• Toassess the
growth and
development of all
the under five
children in a defined
community to find
out malnourished
children.
25. • Toget the medical examination
done for all the malnourished
children.
• Tocarry out prescribed
treatment and provide care to all
malnourished children.
26. • Todo a regular monitoring of
nutrition status of all children.
• Toenroll all children with
anganwadi for availing food
supplements.
27. • Toeducate mothers and
population in general about the
malnutrition and importance of
nutritious diet.
29. • Once the objectives are
formulated it is necessary to
identify interventions to be
implemented to achieve the
objectives.
30. • Various actions are decided and
implemented as being most
effective in order to solve
particular problems (e.g.,
problem of malnutrition among
under 5)
31. • As the action is implemented,
the community health nurse
gives direct nursing care either
by herself or through ANM.
• She also helps the community to
develop their own resources and
mobilize outside resources also.
32. V.EVALUATION OF ACTION
PLAN
• Evaluation of interventions
determines the effectiveness of
actions implemented –
i.e.whether the desired results
intended are achieved or not.
33. • Evaluation also helps in finding
out the reasons for not achieving
the desired goal.
• This helps in making further
improvement ( feedback and re
plan, re implement and re-
evaluate)
34. • The effectiveness of intervention
depends upon its objectives and
is determined on the basis of the
following criteria:
1. Population coverage.
35. 2. Utilization of services provided.
3. Outcomes in terms of reduction
in morbidity rates (increase in
life expectancy).
36. 4. Change in knowledge, attitude
and practice, degree of
independence.
37. • Evaluation thus made is both
qualitative and quantitative.
• An effective evaluation strategy
has the following characteristics:
38. 1. Well defined measurable
objectives.
2. Well defined action plan.
3. Has a base line statistical
information for comparison.
39. 4. Observe changes in health
knowledge, attitudes and
practices.
5. Analyze and interpret the facts
(data) observed and recorded.
40. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING PROCESS
• Principles are rules for
community health practice or
actions.
• Theses provide guidelines to
function in the community
effectively & efficiently.
41. 1. Community health nurse must
explore and know various
aspects of a defined
community to be able to plan
and implement health
services.
42. 2. Community health nurse must
make a map of the community
showing the geographical
boundaries, important roads,
streets, housing networks,
church/temple/mosque,
school, post office. This helps
in plotting the house for care.
43. 3. Community health nurse must
establish good working
relationship as it helps in
providing need based care.
44. 4. Community health nurse must
know the health care delivery
system, health policies, health
goals, health actions, national
health care programmes while
rendering health services.
45. 5. The community health nurse
should provide realistic health
services ( in terms of available
resources, funds).
46. 6. community health nurse must
organize health services at
large for the community and
render the services to the
family which is the unit of
community.
47. 7. Community health nurse must
continuously keep in touch
with the community and
provide wellness oriented
comprehensive services
continuously.
48. 8. community health nurse must
work in collaboration with
other team members…
therefore she needs to know
the roles and responsibilities
of the other team members.
49. 9. Community health nurse
educates in giving care to
individual, family and
community. The health
education should aim at
providing a comprehensive
health knowledge to the
community.
50. 10. Community health nurse must
maintain proper health
records, registers . (These are
legal documents) These
records help in planning and
evaluation of the services.
51. 11. The community health nurse
must evaluate her services to
find out achievement. Eg.,
population covered, actions
planned and recorded.
52. 12. The community health nurse
must provide services to all
without any discrimination of
age, gender, colour, caste,
nationality, political
affiliation, religion, as every
individual has a right to
optimum health.
53. 13. The community health nurse
must not interfere with
people’s religious, political
beliefs, but respect every one
without any prejudice.
54. 14. Community health nurse
should work in close
consultation with employing
authority (Govt, public trust,
NGO).
55. 15. Community health nurse
should develop and maintain
professional relationship with
health and health allies
agencies (Block Development
Office, Panchayats, Voluntary
Organizations).
56. 16. Community health nurse must
never accept any bribe or gift
against professional ethics.
57. 17. The community health nurse
must have an active
participation with the
community people in taking
care of their own needs and
health problems. (This can be
done by mass awareness
campaign).
58. 18. The community health nurse
must be aware and closely co-
ordinate with the local formal
and informal leaders.