This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, health, and nursing. It describes the causes of poor health and the three types of communities. It explains that community health nursing combines nursing, public health, and social work to promote health, prevent disease, and rehabilitate illness within a defined community. The aims, objectives, principles, functions, and roles of community health nursing are outlined. These include health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, and research at the individual, family, and population levels.

1. Unit - 1
Community Health Nursing
Presented By – Mr. Atul Yadav (RN,RM)
For more information visit-
Medicalexpertcare.blogspot.com

2. Community
• Community: A group of people who
share common interests, who interact
with each other, and who function
collectively within a defined social
structure to address common
concerns.

3. Health
• Health: Is state of complete physical,
mental, and social well- being and not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity (WHO).

4. Causes of poor health :-
Socio-
economical
Lack of health facilities
Environmental

5. Nursing
• Nursing: encompasses autonomous and
collaborative care of individuals of all
ages, families, groups and communities,
sick or well and in all setting. Nursing
includes the promotion of health,
prevention of illness, and the care of ill,
disabled, and dying people. Advocacy,
promotion of a safe environment,
research, participation in shaping health
policy and in patient and health systems
management, and education are also key
nursing roles (ICN, 2002).

6. Community Health Nursing:
• Special field of nursing that combines the
skills of nursing, public health and some
phases of social assistance and functions as
part of the total public health program for the
promotion of health, the improvement of the
conditions in the social and physical
environment, rehabilitation of illness and
disability ( WHO Expert Committee of
Nursing)

7. According to American Nursing
Association
“Community health nursing is a
synthesis of nursing practice and public
health practice applied in promoting and
preserving the health of populations. the
nature of this practice is general and
comprehensive. it is not limited to a
particular age or diagnostic group. It is
continuous and not episodic. The
dominant responsibility is to the
population as a whole”

8. Definition of CHN :-
• Community Health Nursing is a synthesis of
nursing and public health practice applied to
promoting and preserving the health of the
people.

9. Three Types of Communities
1. Geographic = city, town, neighbourhood
2. Common-interest = church, professional organization,
people with mastectomies
3. Community of solution = group of people who come
together to solve a problem that affects all of them.

10. Community Health:
• Community Health:
• The identification of needs and the
protection and improvement of collective
health within a geographically defined area.

11. Public Health:
• "Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting
health and efficiency through organized community effort.
• Aims:
1. The sanitation of the environment.
2. Control of communicable diseases.
3. The education of individuals in personal hygiene.
4. The organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis
• and preventive treatment of diseases.
5. The development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of
living adequate for the maintenance of health.
6. 6. so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to realize his
birthright off birth and longevity” (Charles Edward A. Winslow, 1920)

12. Aims of CHN :-
• Aims:
The aim of community health nursing
practice is to promote health and
efficiency
To prevent and control diseases and
disabilities.
To prolong life by providing need based,
well balanced comprehensive health care
services to community at large through
organized community efforts.

13. Objectives:-
1) To increase the capability of community to
deal with their own health problems.
2) To strengthen community resources
3) To control and counteract environment
4) To prevent and control communicable and
non- communicable diseases
5) To provide specialised services
6) To conduct research
7) To prepare health personnel

14. Principles ofCHN
1)Recognized needs and functioning within
the total health programme.
2)Clearly defined objectives and purposes for
it’s services
3)An active organized citizens group of the
community group is an integral part of the
community health programme.
4)Community health nursing services are
available to the entire community

15. Principles ofCHN
5)Community health nursing recognized the
family and community as units of service.
6)Health education and counseling for the
individual, family and community are the
integral part of community health nursing.
7)Participation in planning relating to goals for
the attainment of health.
8)The community health nurse should qualify as
a full-fledged nurse.
9)Based on the needs of the patient and there
should be proper continuity of services to
patients.

16. Principles ofCHN
10) Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation of
health situation
11)The community health nurse should function/serve as an
important member of the health team.
12)There should be provision for qualified nurse to make
supervision for community health services.
13)The community health nurse directs the patient to
appropriate community resources for necessary financial
and social assistance.
14)Should not accept gifts or bribes from the patients

17. Principles ofCHN
15)The community health nurse should not belong to one
particular section or political group.
16)Community health agency should provide a continuing
education programme for nurse
17)The nurses assume responsibilities of their own continuing
professional development through acquiring higher and
higher education and forming and strengthening the
professional associations
18)The community health nursing services should develop
proper guidelines, in maintaining records and reports.
19)There should be proper facilities and job conditions.
20)The community health nurse should maintain professional
relationship with all leaders in the community and maintain
ethics at all times.

18. Function of CHN :-
1. Home visiting.
2. Running child welfare clinic.
3. Running family planning clinic or assisting.
4. Assist in running ANC and PNC. (Antenatal
clinic, Postnatal clinics)
5. Conducts school health services.
6. Carries out or assist the PHN(Public health
nurse) in inspection of day care centers.
7. Collection of information or data from
community.
8. Health education.
9. Record keeping.

19. The mission of community health
nursing:
 The primary mission of community health nursing is
improving the overall health of the population through
health promotion, illness prevention, and protection of
the public from a wide variety of biological,
behavioural, social and environmental threats.
 "promote the good life“ in all of its physical,
social, psychological, cultural, and economic aspects’’

20. Cont…
• Concept of Health
Health: holistic state of well-being, including
soundness of mind, body, and spirit
Wellness: health plus the capacity
to develop potential, leading to a fulfilling and
productive life
Illness: state of being relatively unhealthy

21. COMPONENT OF COMMUINTY HEALTH PRACTICE
› Community health practice can be best understood by examining six
basic components, which, when combined, encompass its services
and programs. These components are:
1. Promotion of health.
Includes all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well-
being or higher levels of wellness .
The goal of health promotion:
 Is to enable people to exercise control over their well-being and
ultimately improve their health.
 Is to raise levels of wellness for individuals, families, populations, and
communities.

22. 2. Prevention of health problems.
 Prevention of health problems constitutes a major part of community health
practice.
 Prevention means: Anticipating and averting problems or discovering them as
early as possible to minimize potential disability and impairment.
Three Levels of prevention:
1Primary prevention: Action taken prior to the occurrence of health
problems and directed toward avoiding their occurrence. Primary
prevention includes health promotion, health protection, and illness
prevention.
2Secondary prevention: The early identification and treatment of
existing health problems.
3Tertiary prevention: Activity aimed at returning the client to the
highest level of function and preventing further deterioration in health.

23. 3. Treatment of disorders :-
 It focuses on the illness end of the continuum and is the remedial
aspect of community health practice.
 This occurs by three methods :
1. Direct service to people with health problem.
2. Indirect service that helps people to obtain treatment.
3. Development programs to correct unhealthy conditions.
4. Rehabilitation :-
 The fourth component of community health practice, involves effortsto
reduce disability and , as much as possible, restore function.
 People whose handicaps are congenital or acquired through illness or
accident e.g:.Stroke, .Heart condition,.Amputation, Mental illness.

24. 5. Evaluation.
The process by which that practices is analyzed,
judged, and improved according to established goals
and standards.
6. Research.
Is systematic investigation to discover facts affecting
community health and community health practice,
solve problems, and explore improved methods of
health services

25. Scope of CHN :-
• The scope of community health nursing
includes health promotion, illness prevention
and restoration of health of individuals,
families and communities .
• The scope of nursing is wide; there is still a
much wider scope for a nurse.
• Nurse can work in different place, such as
home care, nursing home, school health
centre, old age home, industries.

26. Home care :-
• Nursing care services are received by number
of patient at their when hospital are
overcrowded for admitting the patients who
require indoor care or when a patient is in
need of isolated treatment.

27. School Health Nursing :-
• The nurse can work as SHN in school.
• The SHN renders/provide services.
• 1. To prevent diseases.
• 2. To promote and maintain good health of the school
children’s
• The school health programmers are carried out by PHC.
• The nurse provides her services in the areas likes –
health , education,
• - early diagnosis of disease
• - immunization
• - dental health
• - Health records of students

28. MCH and Family Planning
The public health nurse plays a major role in
the MCH and Family planning.
It consists antenatal, postnatal, child care
services.
Nurse can easily motivate the mothers to
accept the family planning and gain their
cooperation in adopting to a small family
norm.

29. Services provide by CHN :-
• The CHN includes nursing care of the family in
sickness and health.
• The CHN should be able to……
1. To provide PHC in the community.
2. To conduct routine antenatal and postnatal visits
and to conduct deliveries when require.
3. To carry out immunization.
4. To promote health of the children by conducting
under five clinic and referring cases who require
medical care.
5. To assess the social environment and nutritional
needs of the community.

30. Rehabilitation centers :-
Rehabilitation means restoration of all treated
cases to the highest level of functional ability.
Nursing is an important component in the
rehabilitation of the disabled.

31. Community Health Nursing Roles:
A. Client-oriented roles
B. Delivery-oriented roles
C. Population-oriented roles

32. A. Client-oriented Roles
1. Caregiver
Uses the nursing process to provide direct nursing
intervention to individuals, families, or population
groups
2.Educator
Facilitates learning for positive health behavior change
3.Counselor
Teaches and assists clients in the use of the problem
solving process
4.Referral Resource
Links clients to services to meet identified health needs
5.Role Model
Demonstrates desired health-related behaviors

33. CONT…
6.Advocate
• Speaks or acts on behalf of clients who cannot do so for
themselves
7.Primary Care Provider
•Provides essential health services to promote health,
prevent illness, and deal with existing health problems
8.Case Manager
•Coordinates and directs the selection and use of health
care services to meet client needs, maximize resource
utilization, and minimize the expense of care

34. B. Delivery-oriented Roles
1. Coordinator/Care Manager
Organizes and integrates services to best meet client needs in
the most efficient manner possible
2. Collaborator
Engages in shared decision making regarding the nature of
health problems and potential solutions to them
3. Liaison
Provides and maintains connections and communication
between clients and health care providers or among providers

35. C. Population-oriented Roles
1. Case Finder
 Identifies clients with specific health problems or conditions
 Geared toward awareness of population-level problems
2.Leader
Influences clients and others to take action regarding identified health
problems
3.Change Agent
Initiates and facilitates change in individual or client behaviors or
conditions or those affecting population groups
4.Community Developer
Mobilizes residents and other segments of the population to take action
regarding identified community health problems or issues

36. Cont…
5.Coalition Builder
• Promotes the development and
maintenance of alliances of individuals or
groups of people to address a specific
health issue
6.Researcher
• Conducts studies to explain health-
related phenomena and to evaluate the
effectiveness of interventions to control
them.

37. THANK YOU