The document focuses on the principles and practices of community health nursing, outlining its definitions, objectives, and the role of nurses in promoting community health. It details concepts such as health, community, and the determinants of health while emphasizing the importance of holistic care and community involvement. Additionally, it highlights the scope of community health nursing services, aims to improve health outcomes, and the various roles of health workers in fostering better health in communities.

1. Community health nursing - I
Unit I

2. I. Introduction
By,
Mrs. Nithyashree B V
Assistant Professor
Department of community Health nursing
YNC

3. Objectives
• To understand the definition of health, health
care, community, community health and
community health nursing
• To know the components of positive health
• To explain the concept of health
• To describe the dimensions of health
• To discuss the determinants of health
• To explain the nurses role in community
health nursing

4. Health
According to WHO health is a ‘state of
complete physical, mental and social
wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.’

5. Components of positive health
Biological
/physical
SocialPsychological/
mental

6. Concept of health
Biomedical Ecological Psychosocial Holistic

7. Task
• Draw the Spectrum of health

8. Dimension of health
• Ability of human body
structure to function properly
Physical
• Ability to interact with other
individuals
Social
• Ability to process information
and act properly
Mental
• Ability to cope, adjust and
adapt
Emotional

9. Dimension of health (Contd…)
• Belief in some force or dynamic
other than humans
Spiritual
• Capable of learning sufficiently
to lead a successful life
Vocational
• External-one’s surroundings (eg-
habitat, occupation)
• Internal- individual internal
structure(genetics)
Environmental

10. Determinants of health
Determi
nants of
health
Biological:
Genetic
determinants-
genetic make up
Behaioural and
sociocultural conditions
- Lifestyle
Environment:
Internal and
external
Gender
Dissemination of
information
Ageing of the
population
Socioeconomic conditions
-economic status
- Education
Occupation
Political system
Health related systems
-food and agriculture
-education
-industry

11. Assignment
Write an assignment on Health promotion

12. Definition: Health care
Health care is the preventive, curative,
restorative and promotive services provided
by the official and nonofficial agencies of a
country to its citizens

13. Community
MEANING:
The word community has its origin from the
Latin word communitas “COMMUNIS”

14. Community
DEFINITION:
According to WHO 1974 defines community as “
A social group determined by geographical
boundaries and /or common values and
interests. It’s members know and interact with
each other. It functions within a particular
structure and the community creates certain
norms, values and social institutions.”

15. • Homogenity
• Distinctiveness
• Closeness
• Sense of belongingness(we feeling)
• Self sufficiency
• Sense of togetherness
Community – characteristics

16. • People
• Goals and needs
• Environment
• Service systems
• Boundaries
Community - components
•Health
•Social welfare
•Educational
•Economic
•Governmental
•Recreational
•Religious

17. Community- functions
• Provides space for
– Housing
– Shelter
– recreation
• Provides opportunity for employment

18. • Provides
– production,
– distribution and
– consumption
of necessary goods and services for meeting the
health and welfare needs of its people
• Creates and enforces norms and rules for social
control
Community- functions

19. • Opportunity for
– interaction among its members
– Transmit information ideas and beliefs
– Provides support system
• Provides education and occupation to its
members
• There are linkage with social system outside
community for meeting needs of it’s members
Community- functions

20. Community health-definition
The expert committee of World Health Organization in
1973 has defined community health as-
“Community health means the states of health of the
members of community, problems affecting their
health and health care facilities available in
community”

21. Community health-purpose
Main purpose:
• Help people and its members of community to
attain greater levels of health and well-being
through different health facilities provided by
its various programmes

22. • To assess/diagnose the nature, extent of
disease and disability in the community
• To make plans for suitable measures to
promote health, prevent disabilities, correct
remedial defects, treat illness/disease and to
rehabilitate affected people or person
• To evaluate the implemented plans, progress
and success of current programmes
Community health-purpose

23. • To conduct research in community for causes
of diseases and to investigate new improved
methods and techniques to control them
• To provide necessary medical care, health care
and nursing care that is required to treat or
deal with community ill health
• To provide health education to public for
prevention of health hazards
Community health-purpose

24. Community health- objectives
• To increase average span of human life
• To decrease mortality rate especially infant
mortality rate and maternal mortality rate
• To increase capability of community to deal
with their own health problems
• To decrease morbidity rate
• To increase the physical, mental and social
well being of individual

25. • To prevent and control communicable and non
communicable diseases
• To increase the pace of adjustment of
individual to his environment
• To provide total health care to improve and to
promote quality of life
• To conduct research
• To prepare health personnel's to provide
better health services to community
Community health- objectives

26. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING –
DEFINITION, PRINCIPLES, CONCEPTS,
SCOPE, PHILOSOPHY, AIMS AND
FUNCTIONS

27. Objectives
• To define community health nursing
• To describe the scope and concept of
community health nursing
• To list down the aims of community health
nursing
• To understand the philosophy of community
health nursing

28. Objectives
• To explain the principles of community health
nursing
• To discuss the functions of community health
nursing

29. DEFINITION
“Community health nursing is a synthesis of
nursing and public health practice applied for
promoting and preserving the health of the
people”.
ANA 1980

30. DEFINITION ctd…
“Community health refers to the health status of
the members of the community, to the problems
affecting their health, and to the totality of health
care provided to the community”.
WHO 1974

31. PHILOSOPHY
• Community health nursing believes that
health is a fundamental human right and an
integral part of growth and development.
• It supports that entire community, as well as
individual, families, and aggregates is a focus
for community health nursing practice.

32. PHILOSOPHY ctd…
• Community health nursing identifies the need of
holistic care approach.
• It realizes that health promotion and primary
prevention are major activities in community
health nursing practice.
• Community health nursing supports that
community based efforts and community
involvement is essential for risk reduction.

33. PHILOSOPHY ctd…
• Community health nursing honours the social and
cultural differences and values of individuals and
community about health and supports the health
promoting behaviour in an acceptable manner.
• Community health nursing realizes that multi-
disciplinary team activities and programmes are
essential to attain the objectives of community health.

34. PHILOSOPHY ctd…
• Community health nursing believes in the
overall development and well- being of the
individuals, families, communities and nation.

35. AIMS
1. To increase the expectancy.
2. To decrease the IMR, MMR and other
morbidities.
3. To prevent disabilities, providing
rehabilitation services.
4. To provide health care services.
5. To find effect cause- effect relationship.

36. AIMS ctd….
6. To evaluate the health programmes and
make further plan.
7. To make community diagnosis.
8. To help the NGO’s and other organizations
working in the field of community health.
9. To assess the need and priorities of
valuable groups, pregnant mothrers and
children.

37. AIMS ctd….
10. To provide referral services at various health
care levels.
11. To enhance the standard of nursing
profession.
12. To provide complete well- being of
community and maintain their optimum
level of functioning etc.

38. CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING

39. SCOPE
• Home care
• Nursing homes
• MCH and family planning
• School health nursing
• Community health nursing services
• Industrial nursing services
• Domiciliary nursing services

40. SCOPE ctd…
• Mental health nursing services
• Rehabilitation centres
• Geriatric nursing services

41. PRINCIPLES
1. Community health nursing is community
focussed, it is therefore essential to know
the defined community, make a map and
establish effective working relationship.
2. Community health nursing is based on
identified community health nursing needs
and functions within total community health
programmes.

42. PRINCIPLES ctd…
3. Health education, guidance and
supervision are integral part of
community health nursing services.
4. Health services should be realistic in
terms of available resources.
5. The health worker is responsible to the
authorised health authority and functions
within the policies, general goals and
objectives set by the health agency.

43. PRINCIPLES ctd…
6. Effective health worker irrespective of
position or place of work, functions as a
team.
7. In community health, community is in
focus and then the individual which is the
unit of all health care services.
8. Professional relationships and etiquette
and essential in community health
services.

44. PRINCIPLES ctd…
9. Community involvement is integral part of
community health nursing practice.
10. Individuals and families participate fully in all
decision making relating to attainment of
health.
11. Continues services are effective services and
community health nurse must provide
continues health services

45. PRINCIPLES ctd…
12. Well developed system of records and
reports is essential for community health
services.
13. Periodic and continuous appraisal and
evaluation of health situation and health
services are basic to community health.
14. Health services should be available and
accessible to all without any
discrimination.

46. PRINCIPLES ctd…
15. Health worker should be non-political, non-
sectarian in her/his relationship.
16. Health worker must maintain professional
dignity and must never accept any gift or
bribe.

47. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
1. Care provider
2. Sensitive observer
3. Educator
4. Advocate
5. Concerned adviser
6. Change agent
7. Manager

48. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
8. Planner
9. Organizer
10. Director and co-ordinator
11. Controller and evaluator
12. Leadership role
13. Collaborator
14. Researcher

49. References
• K Park
• Gulani K K