This study examined the impact of a community capacity building intervention in Zambia on health practices. It found that: 1) Communities that received the intervention reported higher levels of community capacity compared to control communities. 2) Higher community capacity was associated with communities taking collective action to address health problems. 3) Both the intervention and higher community capacity indirectly led to improved individual health behaviors like contraceptive use and bed net use through their effect on stimulating community action. The study demonstrated that building community capacity can be both a means to improving health, by enabling collective action, and an end in itself for social development.