all about access and equity in healthcare

1. ACCESS & EQUITY
IN HEALTHCARE
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2. HEALTH FOR ALL
Promote healthy behaviour
Promote healthy
communities
Prevent/Reduce
disease & disorders
Eliminate health
disparities
Increase quality &
years of healthy life
Healthy People 2020 Object:
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3. KEY ELEMENTS
Access to care
The ability to obtain needed, affordable, convenient acceptable &
effective personal health service in a timely manner.
Implication of access
Key determinants of health along with environment, life style &
hereditary factors.
Significant benchmark in accessing the effectiveness of the medical
care delivery system
Determines whether or not delivery of healthcare is equitable
Linked to quality of care & efficient use of needed services.
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4. Access to health services:
a) AHS-1 increase the proportion of persons with health insurance
b) AHS-2 increase the proportion of injured person with coverage for
clinical preventive services.
c) AHS-3 increase the proportion of person with a usual primary care
provider
a) AHS-4 increase the no. of practicing primary care providers
b) AHS-5 increase the proportion of person who have a specific source
of ongoing care
c) AHS-6 reduce the proportion of individuals who are unable to obtain
or delay in obtaining necessary medical care, dental care
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5. Dimension of access:
a) Availability
b) Accessibility
c) Affordability
d) Accommodation
e) Acceptability
Barriers to access:
a) Geography
b)Finance
c) Culture
d)Language
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6. EQUITY IN HEALTH CARE
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7. What is equity ?
Principle of being fair to all with reference to a defined & recognised set of values.
Definition:
The quality of being fair unbiased & justice.
Equity in what,
Health
Health care delivery
Health care utilization
Health care financing
Dimension in equity,
 horizontal equity
 Vertical equity
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8. Criteria to be good measurement of inequality in health:
1. It refers the experiences of the entire population
2. It result the socio-economic dimension of health
3. It is sensitive to change in the distribution of the population across the
socio-economic groups
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9. • Identify how health disparities in a community
affect specific groups
1
• Recognise that each person has their own
ethical bias
2
• Show respect to people of all group & make
effort to involve all group in enacting change
3
• Frequently evaluate how well polices aimed at
health equity are working
4
• Encourage people to contribute using their
talents, time & gifts
5
Steps to promote health equity:
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10. SOCIAL JUSTICE IN HEALTHCARE
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11. What is justice?
• The fair treatment of people
• The quality of being or reasonable
Meaning: Social justice in healthcare translated to the justice of high-quality
care to all individuals.
Social justice:
This type has to do with the relationship b/w society & its member
but, includes institution systems & structure of society.
It requires people to get organized & create institutions or
structures that will address social problem.
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12. Basic principle of social justice:
a. Access
b. Equity
c. Rights
d. Participation
Types of justice:
1. Communication justice
2. Distribution justice
3. Contribute legal justice
4. Social justice
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13. USE OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY
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14. • Technology: it is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation & use of
technical means & their inter relation with life, society & environment.
• Health technology: It is application of organised knowledge and skill in the
form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures and system developed to solve
a health problem and improve quality of lives.
• Purpose :
Provide better care
Achieve health equity
Recording of data
Improve healthcare delivery
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15. Areas of health technology :
Health technologies are everywhere
Blood transfusion safety
Blood products & related biological
Diagnostic imaging
District hospital surgery
Laboratory services
Medical devices & equipment
Transplantation services
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16. HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT (HTA)
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17. Health technology assessment is the systematic evaluation of properties or
other impact of health technology.
Basic HTA orientation:
 Technology orientation assessment
 Problem oriented assessment
 Project oriented assessment
Purpose of HTA:
• Regulatory agencies
• Health care payers, providers & employers
• Clinicians & patients
• Health professional associations
• Hospital, health care networks & other health care org
• Standards setting orgs
• Govt. health department officials
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18. Steps of HTA :
Identify assessment topics
Specify the assessment problem
Determine the locus of assessment
Find relevant evidence
Collect new primary data
Appraise /interpret evidence
Integrate the evidence
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19. Health technology assessment programme:
HTA is an innovative program that determine if health service & service provided by
state govt. are safe & effective.
Primary goals are:
Healthcare safer by relying on scientific evidence & a committee of practising
clinicians
Coverage decisions of agencies more consistent
State purchased health care more cost effectives
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