Non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes are leading causes of death and disability globally but receive little focus from global health initiatives. While communicable diseases have declined in recent decades, deaths from non-communicable diseases have increased and pose growing health and economic challenges as treatments remain limited. Experts call for greater prioritization and resources for non-communicable diseases on the global health agenda.
Annette Peters, Professor, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Health, at Europe That Protects - Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health EU side event, 3-4 Dec 2019, THL, Helsinki
Annette Peters, Professor, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Health, at Europe That Protects - Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health EU side event, 3-4 Dec 2019, THL, Helsinki
One of the key researches that seem to have changed the whole perception towards human health diseases is genetic research. Thus, Genetic research is characterised as the study of human DNA to find out what and how genes and environmental factors contribute to diseases, Know more!
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi During the Second...Dr. Nasir Mustafa
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Second Lockdown of COVID-19
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease and as we know immune
system is vast and complex and presents an enormous challenge to scientists working in this field as well as presents a challenge to anyone seeking to explain where pathogenesis research stands at the end of 2011
The general shift from acute infectious and deficiency diseases characteristic of underdevelopment to chronic non-communicable diseases characteristic of modernization and advanced levels of development is usually referred to as the "epidemiological transition".
The Longest Shadow: Lifelong Pervasive Impacts of Adverse Childhood Events (...Université de Montréal
Childhood adversity casts the longest shadow across the entire human life cycle with lifelong pervasive impacts. This presentation integrates three ways to investigate these issues using a mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach: (1) retrospective quantitative epidemiological studies of Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) by Fellitti and associates and the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) headed by Marmot with the WHO; (2) quantitative child psychiatric epidemiology prevalence studies, focusing on Canadian studies in two provinces: the Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) (Boyle, et al, 2019) and the Quebec Child Mental Health Survey (QCMHS) (Bergeron, et al, 2000); and (3) Bruner’s more qualitative narrative approach integrating work from developmental psychology and anthropology (Mattingly, et al., 2008).
After a brief overview of North American and worldwide comparisons in child psychiatric epidemiology whose populational surveys of 6-14 year old children show a worldwide average of 20% affected with mental health problems, the focus shifts to Canadian studies in Ontario and Quebec. A detailed portrait of the Quebec survey contrasts the overall Quebec population results of 15% prevalence of mental health problems in children versus the alarming rate of 60% in a sub-study of the disadvantaged neighborhood I have worked in for the last 20 years. This sub-study offers a complex portrait of the negative impacts of ACE and SDH.
My own sub-study of single parent families in the same disadvantaged neighborhood demonstrates that SDH are multifactorial and multigenerational, affecting both more intimate family attachments and broader social belonging. Informed by ACE, SDH and QCMS studies, our community-based child psychiatry program works on more complex and subtle social determinants affecting children’s lives: narrative resources based on the work of Jerome Bruner (Mattingly, et al., 2008), which are rich and nourishing when present yet lead to the impoverishment of affective and social capacities throughout the lifecycle in their absence. The presentation concludes with the need for translational research – from populational studies to community programs and clinical interventions.
One of the key researches that seem to have changed the whole perception towards human health diseases is genetic research. Thus, Genetic research is characterised as the study of human DNA to find out what and how genes and environmental factors contribute to diseases, Know more!
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi During the Second...Dr. Nasir Mustafa
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Second Lockdown of COVID-19
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease and as we know immune
system is vast and complex and presents an enormous challenge to scientists working in this field as well as presents a challenge to anyone seeking to explain where pathogenesis research stands at the end of 2011
The general shift from acute infectious and deficiency diseases characteristic of underdevelopment to chronic non-communicable diseases characteristic of modernization and advanced levels of development is usually referred to as the "epidemiological transition".
The Longest Shadow: Lifelong Pervasive Impacts of Adverse Childhood Events (...Université de Montréal
Childhood adversity casts the longest shadow across the entire human life cycle with lifelong pervasive impacts. This presentation integrates three ways to investigate these issues using a mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach: (1) retrospective quantitative epidemiological studies of Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) by Fellitti and associates and the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) headed by Marmot with the WHO; (2) quantitative child psychiatric epidemiology prevalence studies, focusing on Canadian studies in two provinces: the Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) (Boyle, et al, 2019) and the Quebec Child Mental Health Survey (QCMHS) (Bergeron, et al, 2000); and (3) Bruner’s more qualitative narrative approach integrating work from developmental psychology and anthropology (Mattingly, et al., 2008).
After a brief overview of North American and worldwide comparisons in child psychiatric epidemiology whose populational surveys of 6-14 year old children show a worldwide average of 20% affected with mental health problems, the focus shifts to Canadian studies in Ontario and Quebec. A detailed portrait of the Quebec survey contrasts the overall Quebec population results of 15% prevalence of mental health problems in children versus the alarming rate of 60% in a sub-study of the disadvantaged neighborhood I have worked in for the last 20 years. This sub-study offers a complex portrait of the negative impacts of ACE and SDH.
My own sub-study of single parent families in the same disadvantaged neighborhood demonstrates that SDH are multifactorial and multigenerational, affecting both more intimate family attachments and broader social belonging. Informed by ACE, SDH and QCMS studies, our community-based child psychiatry program works on more complex and subtle social determinants affecting children’s lives: narrative resources based on the work of Jerome Bruner (Mattingly, et al., 2008), which are rich and nourishing when present yet lead to the impoverishment of affective and social capacities throughout the lifecycle in their absence. The presentation concludes with the need for translational research – from populational studies to community programs and clinical interventions.
GLOBAL HEALTH AND DISEASEChapter 2Chapter 2 OverviewIMatthewTennant613
GLOBAL HEALTH AND DISEASE
Chapter 2
Chapter 2: Overview
Introduction
Burden of Disease
Non communicable Disease
Infectious Disease
The Future of Infectious Disease
Public Health and Healthcare Strategies
Conclusion
Introduction
Development and management
Understanding the environmental or national context
Social and cultural beliefs
The physical environment
The political climate
3
3
Introduction
Understanding the environmental or national context
Economic development
Social structures
Types of diseases present in the population
4
4
Introduction
Influence of population health needs
Distribution of medical resources
Provision of health services
5
5
Introduction
Demands on healthcare systems
Disease prevention
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Tertiary treatment
6
6
Introduction
Integration of the healthcare system with public health system
Public health system responsibilities
7
7
Burden of Disease
Measurement of disease
Prevalence
Incidence
Disease specific mortality
Case fatality rate
Mortality rates
8
8
Burden of Disease
Reporting the burden of disease
Disability-adjusted life years (DALY)
Quality-adjusted life years (QALY)
Health expectancy
Healthy life years
Application of cost-benefit analyses
9
9
Burden of Disease
Effect of measurement on appropriation of health resources
Difficulties with collecting health statistics
10
10
Noncommunicable Disease
Heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Respiratory infections
HIVAIDS
Chronic pulmonary disease
Perinatal conditions
Diarrheal disease
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Respiratory tract cancers
Top 10 leading causes of death
Noncommunicable Disease
Emergence of noncommunicable disease
Heart disease
Stroke
Cancer
12
12
Noncommunicable Diseases
Emergence of noncommunicable disease
Chronic respiratory disease
Mental illness
Diabetes
13
13
Noncommunicable Disease
Increasing impact on worldwide mortality
Differences between communicable and noncommunicable disease
World Health Organization projection
14
14
Noncommunicable Disease
Risk factors for noncommunicable disease
Lifestyle
Environment
Top ten leading causes of death worldwide
15
15
Noncommunicable Disease
Cardiovascular disease
Forms of disease
Atherosclerotic disease
Non-atherosclerotic disease
16
16
Noncommunicable Disease
Cardiovascular diseases Types
Coronary Artery Disease
Heart Attack
Congenital Heart Disease
Aneurysm
Heart Failure
High Blood Pressure
Stroke
Arrhythmias
17
17
Noncommunicable Disease
Cancer
Risk factors
Preventable risk factors
18
18
Noncommunicable Disease
Factors Known To Increase Cancer Risk
Age: can take decades to develop
Lifestyle: Certain lifestyle choices
Family history: 10% due to inherited condition
Health conditions: Some chronic health conditions can increase risks
Noncommunicable Disease
Factors Known To Increase Cancer Risk
Environment: may contain harmful chemicals
Globalization:
Rising consumption of tobacc ...
Global health is the health of populations in the global context; it has been defined as "the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide".Problems that transcend national borders or have a global political and economic impact are often emphasized.Thus, global health is about worldwide health improvement (including mental health), reduction of disparities, and protection against global threats that disregard national borders.Global health is not to be confused with international health, which is defined as the branch of public health focusing on developing nations and foreign aid efforts by industrialized countries.Global health can be measured as a function of various global diseases and their prevalence in the world and threat to decrease life in the present day.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
6. The past 37 years have featured declining rates of
communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases
across all quintiles of SDI. A global shift toward deaths at older
ages suggests success in reducing many causes of early death.
YLLs have increased globally for causes such as diabetes mellitus
or some neoplasms, and in some locations for causes such as
drug use disorders, and conflict and terrorism. Increasing levels
of YLLs might reflect outcomes from conditions that required
high levels of care but for which effective treatments remain
elusive, potentially increasing costs to health systems.
Lancet Sept.2017
7. Catharina Wesseling, Senior Consultant of Epidemiology
La Isla Network
Catharina (Ineke) Wesseling graduated as a physician at the University of Costa Rica
and obtained a PhD degree in occupational and environmental epidemiology at the
Karolinska Institutet, in Sweden. She worked for more than 25 years at the Central
American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET) of the Universidad Nacional
(UNA) in Heredia, Costa Rica, where she coordinated the Health Section of IRET. Her
main expertise is related to pesticides and the Mesoamerican nephropathy. Between
2003 and 2013, she was the Regional Director of the Central American Program on
Work, Environment & Health (SALTRA), where she initiated international research
collaboration on chronic kidney disease of unknown origin in Central America.
Currently, Catharina is a member of the LIN team and a researcher affiliated to the
Institute of Environmental Medicine of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm,
Sweden. She has (co)authored 130 peer reviewed international publications, book
chapters and monographs.
Editor's Notes
As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and population age. According to the burden of disease Lancet publication in 2017, Deaths due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes continue to decline, while deaths from noncommunicable diseases increase and injury deaths are stable. Nonetheless, Non-Communicable diseases are grossly neglected on the global health agenda.
Deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represented 72.3% of deaths in 2016 with 19.3% (18.5–20.4) of deaths in that year occurring from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases and a further 8.43% (8.00–8.67) from injuries.
SDI: Socio Demographic Index
GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 14 Sept 2017: 390;1151–210.