The document discusses social accountability and its role in improving health outcomes. It analyzes selected social accountability models used by international NGOs, including Citizen Voice and Action (World Vision), Partnership Defined Quality (Save the Children), Community Score Card (CARE), and various approaches used by White Ribbon Alliance. Common themes across the models include preparation and planning, involvement of marginalized groups, identifying barriers, interface meetings between communities and government, and using score cards to measure services. The document recommends expanding the evidence base on effectiveness, clarifying financial and human resource needs, identifying barriers to scale up, and exploring promising practices across models.
Strengthening Community Capacity for Effective Advocacy: A Strategy Developme...Humentum
Robert Musoke, PATH Uganda; Bernard Byagageire, PATH Uganda; Jennifer Gaberu, PATH Uganda. Presentation made during Humentum's Capacity for Humanity conference, February 2018.
This is the Plenary Presentation of CheyLeaphy Heng, Program Team Manager, Rainbow Community Kampuchea (RoCK) on the plenary topic: "UPR as an advocacy strategy for SOGIE-SC issues in Cambodia". This presentation was part of the 14th session of #APCRSHR10 Virtual, on the theme of "Sexual orientation and gender identity and SRHR in Asia Pacific".
Chair: Dr Chivorn Var, Convener of APCRSHR10 and Executive Director of Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia (RHAC)
Plenary Speaker: CheyLeaphy Heng, Program Team Manager, Rainbow Community Kampuchea (RoCK) | "UPR as an advocacy strategy for SOGIE-SC issues in Cambodia"
ABSTRACT PRESENTERS:
* Saroj Tamang | Male-to-Female Transgender Community barrier and challenges in access of Sexual Health Services
* Saritha P Viswan | A review of transgender issues in India
* Sobo Malik | Limited Access to Health Rights Resulting in Increase Self Medication
* Ciptasari Prabhawanti | Sexual Identity, Sexual Orientation, Sexual Risk and Condom Use Behaviors of Clients of Transgender Sex Workers in Jakarta, Indonesia
For further information, visit www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual14
Conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org or check out www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual
Thanks
The Health Systems Administration program at Georgetown has its students complete case projects for a fictional community, Middleboro. Throughout the program we created several deliverables: Community Profile, Community Health Assessment, Strategic Plan, Marketing Plan, and Business Plan.
Strengthening Community Capacity for Effective Advocacy: A Strategy Developme...Humentum
Robert Musoke, PATH Uganda; Bernard Byagageire, PATH Uganda; Jennifer Gaberu, PATH Uganda. Presentation made during Humentum's Capacity for Humanity conference, February 2018.
This is the Plenary Presentation of CheyLeaphy Heng, Program Team Manager, Rainbow Community Kampuchea (RoCK) on the plenary topic: "UPR as an advocacy strategy for SOGIE-SC issues in Cambodia". This presentation was part of the 14th session of #APCRSHR10 Virtual, on the theme of "Sexual orientation and gender identity and SRHR in Asia Pacific".
Chair: Dr Chivorn Var, Convener of APCRSHR10 and Executive Director of Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia (RHAC)
Plenary Speaker: CheyLeaphy Heng, Program Team Manager, Rainbow Community Kampuchea (RoCK) | "UPR as an advocacy strategy for SOGIE-SC issues in Cambodia"
ABSTRACT PRESENTERS:
* Saroj Tamang | Male-to-Female Transgender Community barrier and challenges in access of Sexual Health Services
* Saritha P Viswan | A review of transgender issues in India
* Sobo Malik | Limited Access to Health Rights Resulting in Increase Self Medication
* Ciptasari Prabhawanti | Sexual Identity, Sexual Orientation, Sexual Risk and Condom Use Behaviors of Clients of Transgender Sex Workers in Jakarta, Indonesia
For further information, visit www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual14
Conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org or check out www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual
Thanks
The Health Systems Administration program at Georgetown has its students complete case projects for a fictional community, Middleboro. Throughout the program we created several deliverables: Community Profile, Community Health Assessment, Strategic Plan, Marketing Plan, and Business Plan.
Health Impact Assessment: Healthier Places, Empowered PeoplePractical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
This presentation provides insight on how to drive health equity into action at a community level.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
This is the abstract presentation of Dr Harjyot Khosa, which was made as part of the 12th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (#APCRSHR10) Virtual. This session was held in lead up to #WorldAIDSDay and #16DaysofActivism against sexual and other forms of gender-based violence, on the theme of "HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific".
Chair: Jennifer Butler, Director, UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional office based in Fiji
Plenary Speaker: Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific | “Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”
Abstract Presenters:
-------------------------
* Jude Tayaben | Successes, Pitfalls, and Moving Forward: Adivayan Youth Health Center- A school-based program addressing Adolescent Sexuality, and Reproductive Health Issues in Benguet, Philippines
* Samreen, Manisha Dhakal | Integrating transgender health into HIV and SRHR programming in Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
* Harjyot Khosa | Stigma, sex work and non-disclosure to health care providers: Exploring dynamics of anal sex through community led monitoring to bridge gaps in HIV care continuum services
* Angela Kelly Hanku, Agnes K. Mek | I can, I want, I will and Young & Positive: Two visual method projects with young women living with HIV in Papua New Guinea
For more information on the session, please visit
www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual12
Official conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org
Thanks
A presentation given by Dr Joanna Raven of the PERFORM2Scale consortium and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Entitled 'How do you effectively facilitate health systems interventions?' the presentation was given at the Sept 2019 European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health.
Presentation is about the uniqueness of Implementation Research and Role of the Government, specially in Indian context of health programme implementation.
Health system strengthening – what is it, how should we assess it, and does i...ReBUILD for Resilience
This presentation was given to the UK's Department for International Development on 30th July 2019.
Comprehensive reviews of health system strengthening interventions are rare, partly because of lack of clarity on definitions of the term but also the potentially huge scale of the evidence. In our talk, we will reflect on the process of undertaking such an evidence review for DFID recently (attached again), drawing out suggestions on definitions of HSS and approaches to assessment, as well as summarising some key conclusions from the current evidence base. Most HSS interventions have theories of change relating to specific system blocks, but more work is needed on capturing their spill-over effects and their contribution to meeting over-arching health system process goals. We will make some initial suggestions about such goals, to reflect the features that characterise a ‘strong health system’. We will highlight current findings on ‘what works’ but also that these are just indicative, given the limitations and biases in what has been studied and how, and argue that there is need to re-think evaluation methods for HSS beyond finite interventions and narrow outcomes. Clearer concepts, frameworks and methods can support more coherent HSS investment.
APCRSHR10 Virtual plenary presentation of Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director of...CNS www.citizen-news.org
This is the plenary presentation of Mr Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific, on "Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”, which was made as part of the 12th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (#APCRSHR10) Virtual. This session was held in lead up to #WorldAIDSDay and #16DaysofActivism against sexual and other forms of gender-based violence, on the theme of "HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific".
Chair: Jennifer Butler, Director, UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional office based in Fiji
Plenary Speaker: Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific | “Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”
Abstract Presenters:
-------------------------
* Jude Tayaben | Successes, Pitfalls, and Moving Forward: Adivayan Youth Health Center- A school-based program addressing Adolescent Sexuality, and Reproductive Health Issues in Benguet, Philippines
* Samreen, Manisha Dhakal | Integrating transgender health into HIV and SRHR programming in Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
* Harjyot Khosa | Stigma, sex work and non-disclosure to health care providers: Exploring dynamics of anal sex through community led monitoring to bridge gaps in HIV care continuum services
* Angela Kelly Hanku, Agnes K. Mek | I can, I want, I will and Young & Positive: Two visual method projects with young women living with HIV in Papua New Guinea
For more information on the session, please visit
www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual12
Official conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org
Thanks
The Devil is in the Details: Designing and Implementing UHC Policies that Rea...HFG Project
This presentation was given by Suneeta Sharma at a side session at the Prince Mahidol Award Conference (PMAC) in Bangkok, Thailand, on January 29, 2017.
MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum - 30/10/12 - Challenges and Opportunities for HIV/AI...info4africa
This presentation was given on 30/10/12 at the MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum.
Co-presented by Kwazi Mbatha (CEGAA Researcher/Trainer) and Mlungisi Vila kasi (TAC Community Mobiliser - uMgungundlovu), this talk was facilitated by Judith King (CEGAA Communications and Advocacy Manager).
For more information on CEGAA please visit their website: http://www.cegaa.org/
Health Impact Assessment: Healthier Places, Empowered PeoplePractical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
This presentation provides insight on how to drive health equity into action at a community level.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
This is the abstract presentation of Dr Harjyot Khosa, which was made as part of the 12th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (#APCRSHR10) Virtual. This session was held in lead up to #WorldAIDSDay and #16DaysofActivism against sexual and other forms of gender-based violence, on the theme of "HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific".
Chair: Jennifer Butler, Director, UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional office based in Fiji
Plenary Speaker: Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific | “Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”
Abstract Presenters:
-------------------------
* Jude Tayaben | Successes, Pitfalls, and Moving Forward: Adivayan Youth Health Center- A school-based program addressing Adolescent Sexuality, and Reproductive Health Issues in Benguet, Philippines
* Samreen, Manisha Dhakal | Integrating transgender health into HIV and SRHR programming in Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
* Harjyot Khosa | Stigma, sex work and non-disclosure to health care providers: Exploring dynamics of anal sex through community led monitoring to bridge gaps in HIV care continuum services
* Angela Kelly Hanku, Agnes K. Mek | I can, I want, I will and Young & Positive: Two visual method projects with young women living with HIV in Papua New Guinea
For more information on the session, please visit
www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual12
Official conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org
Thanks
A presentation given by Dr Joanna Raven of the PERFORM2Scale consortium and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Entitled 'How do you effectively facilitate health systems interventions?' the presentation was given at the Sept 2019 European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health.
Presentation is about the uniqueness of Implementation Research and Role of the Government, specially in Indian context of health programme implementation.
Health system strengthening – what is it, how should we assess it, and does i...ReBUILD for Resilience
This presentation was given to the UK's Department for International Development on 30th July 2019.
Comprehensive reviews of health system strengthening interventions are rare, partly because of lack of clarity on definitions of the term but also the potentially huge scale of the evidence. In our talk, we will reflect on the process of undertaking such an evidence review for DFID recently (attached again), drawing out suggestions on definitions of HSS and approaches to assessment, as well as summarising some key conclusions from the current evidence base. Most HSS interventions have theories of change relating to specific system blocks, but more work is needed on capturing their spill-over effects and their contribution to meeting over-arching health system process goals. We will make some initial suggestions about such goals, to reflect the features that characterise a ‘strong health system’. We will highlight current findings on ‘what works’ but also that these are just indicative, given the limitations and biases in what has been studied and how, and argue that there is need to re-think evaluation methods for HSS beyond finite interventions and narrow outcomes. Clearer concepts, frameworks and methods can support more coherent HSS investment.
APCRSHR10 Virtual plenary presentation of Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director of...CNS www.citizen-news.org
This is the plenary presentation of Mr Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific, on "Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”, which was made as part of the 12th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (#APCRSHR10) Virtual. This session was held in lead up to #WorldAIDSDay and #16DaysofActivism against sexual and other forms of gender-based violence, on the theme of "HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific".
Chair: Jennifer Butler, Director, UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional office based in Fiji
Plenary Speaker: Eamonn Murphy, Regional Director, UNAIDS, Asia and the Pacific | “Solidarity and Accountability: HIV, SRHR and the COVID response”
Abstract Presenters:
-------------------------
* Jude Tayaben | Successes, Pitfalls, and Moving Forward: Adivayan Youth Health Center- A school-based program addressing Adolescent Sexuality, and Reproductive Health Issues in Benguet, Philippines
* Samreen, Manisha Dhakal | Integrating transgender health into HIV and SRHR programming in Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
* Harjyot Khosa | Stigma, sex work and non-disclosure to health care providers: Exploring dynamics of anal sex through community led monitoring to bridge gaps in HIV care continuum services
* Angela Kelly Hanku, Agnes K. Mek | I can, I want, I will and Young & Positive: Two visual method projects with young women living with HIV in Papua New Guinea
For more information on the session, please visit
www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual12
Official conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org
Thanks
The Devil is in the Details: Designing and Implementing UHC Policies that Rea...HFG Project
This presentation was given by Suneeta Sharma at a side session at the Prince Mahidol Award Conference (PMAC) in Bangkok, Thailand, on January 29, 2017.
MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum - 30/10/12 - Challenges and Opportunities for HIV/AI...info4africa
This presentation was given on 30/10/12 at the MRC/HIVAN KZN AIDS Forum.
Co-presented by Kwazi Mbatha (CEGAA Researcher/Trainer) and Mlungisi Vila kasi (TAC Community Mobiliser - uMgungundlovu), this talk was facilitated by Judith King (CEGAA Communications and Advocacy Manager).
For more information on CEGAA please visit their website: http://www.cegaa.org/
MRC/info4africa KZN Community Forum | October 2012info4africa
Kwazi Mbatha, a CEGAA Researcher/Trainer for the BMET project,was joined by a member of TAC’s uMgungundlovu District community mobilisation team to discuss challenges and opportunities for HIV/AIDS and TB budget monitoring at local levels in South Africa. Relating primarily to CEGAA’s Budget Monitoring and Expenditure (BMET) project, conducted in partnership with the Treatment Action Campaign and entitled "Giving power to the community: Community monitoring of HIV/AIDS and TB spending in two districts in South Africa", this project worked towards increasing the delivery, accessibility, affordability and quality of treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS and TB, thus ensuring that ARVs and TB treatments are available as life-saving and prevention mechanisms. The pilot and secondary phase of the project sought to achieve the above by empowering communities and citizens towards a common understanding of health care delivery and budget issues and collaborative corrective action for optimal health care services at local level.
Approaches to understanding community needs, the importance of involving comm...Thomas Owondo
Community involvement in health: “ is a process whereby people, both individually and in groups, exercise their right to play an active and direct role in the development of appropriate health services, in ensuring the conditions for sustained better health and in supporting the empowerment of the community to help development
The five main pillars of maternal, newborn, and child health
Strengthening the health system
Improving the quality of services
Increasing access to services
Improving Healthy Practices with social and behavioral change
Combining global best practices with locally-led solutions.
The capacity-strengthening capabilities demonstrate improving equity and outcomes by directly improving the capacity of local organizations and institutions to deliver health services
Approaches include;
Community Mobilization, Social & Behavior Change
Human-centered design principles to mobilize communities and families for healthier behaviors and care-seeking practices. Central to our behavior change approach, men engaged as clients, partners, and fathers in child health and development.
Engagement of community leaders: through training and capacity-building for community leaders, the development of Community Action Plans (CAP) that identify and address barriers in the community, in order to increase demand for MNCH services
Community Days: semi-annual Community Days that bring different communities together for a day of communication, information, and activities to improve awareness among key target populations of important MNCH services.
Primary Care Integration for a Rural Community Behavioral Health Clinic. 2015 Washington Behavioral Healthcare Conference: Fulfilling the Promise of Integrated Care
Vancouver, WA June 19, 2015
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Evidence of Social Accountability_Kamden Hoffmann_5.7.14
1. The Role of Social
Accountability in Improving
Health Outcomes
OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED INTERNATIONAL NGO EXPERIENCES TO
ADVANCE THE FIELD
KAMDEN HOFFMANN, PHD, MA, INSIGHT HEALTH, LLC
CONSULTANT TO THE CORE GROUP
MAY 7, 2014
2. Social accountability
Involves ongoing, collective action by civil society groups, including NGOs,
to hold public officials and service providers accountable for the provision
of public goods
Affirming and operationalizing direct accountability relationships between
citizens and the state
Broad range of actions and mechanisms beyond voting that citizens can
use to hold the state to account, as well as actions on the part of
government, civil society, media and other societal actors that promote or
facilitate these efforts
Social Accountability Sourcebook, Chapter 2. Social Accountability: What Does it Mean for the World Bank? 2002
3. Critical factors for social accountability
Social Accountability Sourcebook. Chapter 4: Social Accountability in the Health Sector. Participatory Public Expenditure Management at the National Level. World Bank.
2002.
4. How does it work?
Social accountability initiatives often interface with varying agencies and
divisions of government.
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
emphasizes the importance of participation and inclusion of citizens in
governance and prioritizes this within the USAID Strategy on Democracy,
Human Rights, and Governance, with a strong focus on citizen
engagement and accountability
5. Social accountability and health
Accountability is a prominent theme of the U.N. Every Woman Every Child
campaign
Engaging communities and community-based workers in the process of
measuring health status of children, in assessing causes of deaths, in
defining high-risk groups, and in measuring changes in mortality over time
will enable governments to achieve levels of under-5 mortality according
to their commitments
6. Overview of selected INGO
approaches
Citizen Voice and Action, implemented by World Vision
Partnership Defined Quality, implemented by Save the
Children
The Community Score Card, implemented by CARE
White Ribbon Alliance, various approaches
8. Citizen Voice and Action
Where applied: The site must be a place
where the government is providing
services
Applicable sectors: Agenda-neutral
process; has been applied in education
and health, HIV/AIDS, water and
sanitation, and is now expanding into
the private sector
Who is involved: World Vision may
facilitate with the objective of handing
over to local partners. World Vision
identifies an existing group and equips
them with the tools needed to carry out
CVA, .e.g. a local CBO, village
committee, etc.
Constructive evidence based dialogue in order
to improve government services, government
performance, and relationships
Catalyzes alliances between community and key
government officials
CVA encourages collective action, driven and
managed by civil society
Embedded within Area Development Programs
Ability to leverage ongoing work for greater
impact
Existing relationships provide groundwork for
institutionalization of programming
9. Citizen Voice and Action
Length of process: The preparation
phase, called “enabling citizen
engagement” can take the longest, as it
depends on the level of civil society
development
How it increases social accountability:
CVA equips citizens to engage in
evidence-based dialogue with health
workers and local government in order
to improve the accountability of health
services
Financial considerations: Costs range
per program, per year. Costs decline
significantly over time as citizens drive
the bulk of the process
Monitoring and evaluation: World Vision
builds the CVA process into its existing
Area Development Programs (ADP);
evaluation is built into the design of the
ADPs
Challenges or barriers to
implementation: The enabling
environment is the key to
implementation.
10. Save the Children: Partnership Defined
Quality
BUILDING SUPPORT
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP
FOR QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
COMMUNITY
DEFINED
QUALITY
HEALTH WORKER
DEFINED QUALITY
Better Health
Improve provider job
satisfaction
Improve client
satisfaction
Increase communities’
sense of ownership of
health facility
Increase
community
capacity for
social change
Shared rights and
responsibilities for
better health outcomes
BRIDGING THE GAP
11. Partnership Defined Quality
Where applied: Best in projects lasting
2 years or more, with enough staff and
budget to adequately support the
PDQ process as related to the size of
the catchment area involved
Applicable sectors: Health, adapted
in education (including non-formal
education), youth, adolescent sexual
and reproductive health, and
HIV/AIDS
Who is involved: Led by project staff
members who are working to improve
the quality of services in order to
achieve project outcomes.
Community based solutions with community
resources, with limited external financial support
and outside solutions, for social change
“Duty bearers” – rights based work
Quality Improvement Teams (QITs) are a key
component
Builds on community capacity, organically grows
as the PDQ process is carried out in the
community
As quality has very different meanings, quality is
defined by the partners in the context of their
community setting, e.g. what keeps people from
going to the health center?
12. Partnership Defined Quality
How it increases social accountability:
Intended to improve quality at the
community level from the perspective
of the consumer (client) and more
than anything, the marginalized client.
Marginalized members address duty
bearers
Financial considerations: Intends to
use local solutions to community-
provider challenges. While costs can
range depending on the context,
many of the PDQ programs have used
local resources as a result of this
process
Monitoring and evaluation: The PDQ
Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit
provides a set of tools including
supervisory checklists, mapping tools
and an exit interview to support the
implementation of PDQ
Challenges or barriers to
implementation: It is intensive and time
consuming. Frequent transfers in
health staff, lack of political will and
commitment to the PDQ process can
deter successful implementation.
13. CARE: The Community Score Card (CSC)
PHASE II: Conducting the Score Card with the
Community
Community Score Card:
• Community level assessment of priority issues in one
village – what are the barriers to accessibility and delivery
of quality services
• Develop indicators for assessing priority issues
• Complete the Score Card by scoring against each
indicator and giving reason for the scores
• Generate suggestions for improvement
= complete community Score Card for the village
Cluster consolidation meeting:
• Feedback from process
• Consolidate scores for each indicator to come up with
representative score for entire village
• Consolidate community priority issues and suggestions
for improvement
= complete (consolidated) Score Card for the cluster
PHASE IV: Interface Meeting and Action Planning
PHASE I: PLANNING AND PREPARATION
PHASE III: Conducting the Score
Card with Service Providers
• Conduct general assessment of
health service provision – what are
the barriers to delivery of quality
health services?
• Develop indicators for quality
health service provision
• Complete Score Card by scoring
against each indicator
• Identify priority health issues
• Generate suggestions for
improvement
Repeatcycle
CSC Process
PHASE V: Action Plan Implementation and M&E
• Execute action plan • Monitor and evaluate actions • Repeat cycles to ensure institutionalization
Action planning:
• Develop detailed action plan from the
prioritized issues – agreed/negotiated
action plan
• Agree on responsibilities for activities
in the action plan and set time frames
for the activities
Interface meeting:
• Community at large, community leaders, committee members, health center
staff, district officials and process facilitators
• Communities and health center staff present their findings from the Score
Cards
• Communities and health center staff present identified priority health issues
• Prioritize the issues together (in a negotiated way)
14. The Community Score Card
Where applied: Used at the local level to
address local-level barriers; the score
card is implemented at the intersection
between the community and health
facility; however, in other sectors this can
vary
Applicable sectors: Food security,
education, health, HIV/AIDS,
infrastructure, agriculture, water and
sanitation, gender based violence
Who is involved: Participants in the CSC
process is dependent on the focal issue
and the improvements and/or changes
anticipated
CARE’s Governance Programming Framework
reflects a theory of change, grounded in both the
literature and practical experience in social
accountability
Underlying principles for a rights based approach
include Participation and inclusion of voice;
Accountability and transparency; Equity; and
Shared responsibility and obligation
Community Score Card (CSC) is also used as an
internal or forward accountability mechanism to
gain feedback on CARE’s accountability from
communities
CSC repeated measurement: continuous
feedback loop for monitoring and evaluation
every six months and institutionalization of process
15. The Community Score Card
How it increases social accountability:
If citizens are empowered; if power
holders are effective, accountable
and responsive; if spaces for
negotiation are expanded, effective
and inclusive; then sustainable and
equitable development can be
achieved
Financial considerations: Dependent
upon what unit the score card is done
at, e.g. one facility in a catchment
area, and what part of the process,
e.g. preparation and planning or issue
generation
Monitoring and evaluation: CSC
process focuses on improved services
as an outcome, and improved human
development as an impact
Challenges or barriers to
implementation: Fear of negative
fallout among providers and/or
citizens; lack of supervisory support for
providers after changes are initiated;
16. Common themes across models (1)
Preparation and planning
Involvement of marginalized
populations and the poorest of
the poor
Identification of barriers from
civil society and
governmental/public sector
Established presence for entrée: World Vision’s Area
Development Program is their process of implementing long-
term (15 years), local programming that contributes to the
sustained well-being of the population. The approach supports
local advocacy. World Vision incorporates CVA directly into
the Area Development Programs where trust and alliances
may already exist due to World Vision’s presence. Save the
Children also seeks to implement PDQ in communities where
long term programming is established. This includes
communities with child sponsorship funding, where Save the
Children is typically in a community for 10-15 years. The reason
this is effective is that the implementing NGO (in this case Save
the Children) becomes a trusted partner for long term change.
Save the Children has adapted PDQ for use with adolescents in
many of its sponsorship communities worldwide. CARE
incorporates the CSC into its projects and programs.
17. Common themes across models (2)
Interface meetings between
civil society and
governmental/public sector
Focus on accountability and
health outcomes measurement
Facilitation and guides
Rigor of evaluation of
interventions
Value of a score card in measuring services: CARE developed
the community score card; World Vision adapted the score
card in its CVA approach, and PDQ uses another method of
scoring. A score card allows for both users of public services as
well as providers of public services to use a simple method of
assessing the performance of service delivery and offering
proposals to improve the quality of service. The score card
data is usually collected through focus group discussions
among particular interest groups, e.g. women, men, youth,
children, community leaders, PLWH/A, health center
committee, etc. The score cards help develop a set of
indicators for monitoring and evaluation, and can also serve as
a baseline for service improvement. The scorecard can be
used as a tool to generate issues to advocate for to help
integrate some solutions into local policies and systems for
sustainability of results. In addition, community member’s health
behaviors and actions can be evaluated.
18. White Ribbon Alliance
WRA uses a variety of tools to promote social
accountability, including: participatory budgeting; social
audits; participatory planning; public expenditure
tracking surveys; citizen report cards/community score
cards; budget analysis; citizen-based vigilance
committees; public hearings; checklists; and verbal
autopsies
Numerous WRA National Alliances have utilized social
accountability approaches under several initiatives to
increase accountability and improve health outcomes
Social Watch: India
Participatory Health Facility Assessment: Uganda
Practical solutions
recommended by WRA:
Ensuring upfront investment;
accessible information made
available to citizens (not just
donors); direct feedback and
communication loops; value
placed on local data and
evidence; and
institutionalization of social
accountability approaches into
formal mechanisms.
19. Recommendations (1)
Expand existing evidence base: While partners are continuously strengthening
the rigor of their monitoring and evaluation of social accountability
interventions, more evidence is needed regarding the effectiveness of different
interventions at the community, district, regional, and national levels
Clarify financial and human resource inputs: It would be helpful if partners
could formally cost out essential elements in programs for other practitioners
and host countries interested in adapting or applying these social
accountability interventions
Identify barriers to scale up: State actors are involved in each of these models,
however, once action plans are implemented and evaluated, what further
involvement should the government have to ensure more sustainable
outcomes? This includes a better understanding of the influence of the larger
social, economic and donor interests.
20. Recommendations (2)
Consider critical factors in achieving successful outcomes
Highlight the importance of community owned progress: it is very important
for communities implementing the changes to identify their role in
ongoing, measureable improvements in outcomes in order to continue
their involvement and ownership of the process
Develop similar definitions and a central location for well-known social
accountability approaches in health and development
Explore highlights among different models for promising practices: Each
model reviewed by this analysis is comprised of unique elements that merit
further exploration. To the extent possible, these elements should be
analyzed further for their effectiveness and sustainability
21. Annex
References Cited and Additional Resources with Websites
World Vision, Save the Children, CARE, World Bank, and others
Case studies
Tables of key elements and activities among the social accountability
models
According to the World Bank, there are four factors that are critical to any social accountability program: opportunities for information exchange, dialogue and negotiation between citizens and the state; the willingness and ability to seek government accountability among citizens and civil society; transparency and open information sharing, attitudes, skills and practices supporting listening and constructive engagement among service providers and policy makers with citizens; and anenabling environment, with apolicy, legal and regulatory atmosphere for civic engagement. The figure illustrates the critical factors associated with social accountabilityaccording to the World Bank
Bullet 1: Some international non-governmental organization (NGOs), for example, participate in programs and activities to support the involvement of national NGOs and citizens in social accountability processes to strengthen capacity bringing together government and nongovernment actors.Other civil society organizations include advocacy and campaigning, while at the community level, examples exist of local groups enhancing citizenship through awareness of rights and increased capacity for political participation, while social movements have, in some places, successfully pressed for state receptiveness to citizens' rights and agendas
Bullet 1: Governments with high maternal and child mortality made commitments to invest in maternal child and newborn health programs to accelerate the rate of mortality decline to contribute to achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as well as A Promise Renewed – a vision of ending preventable child deaths by 2035. Bullet 2: The post-2015 agenda will presumably change its approach to measuring results and provide many opportunities for strengthened accountability mechanisms that involve citizens in varying capacities.
The CORE Group solicited input from partners regarding those using social accountability approaches in their programmatic work. Methods of data collection included key informant interviews among partners and a review of documents shared by partners, which is available in the references section.
World Vision’s model seeks to improve the relationship between communities and government, in order to improve services that impact the lives of children and their families. Their view is that each citizen has the right to communicate with, and have a relationship with, their government. Active citizenship and engagement with government helps governments to work effectively and to provide quality services. The approach catalyzes an alliance between community members and government officials, based on those officials who are willing to participate
Can be based at a facility, clinic, or school, and expanded from there.
Bullet 1: Experience varies from two weeks to one year, depending on the amount of time it takes to engage civil society and/or government involvement. Bullet 4: Most recent evaluation indicators focus on: improved services; increased engagement between citizens and government; and improved relationshipsBullet 5: In some cases, governments at various levels may not inform local officials that they should participate, so there may not be a true willingness to engage
PDQ aims to improve quality and accessibility of services, allowing more involvement of the community in defining, implementing and monitoring the quality improvement process. This includes the recognition that quality may be defined from different perspectives among clients and providers. It focuses providers and clients working together as allies to address problems and work to overcome any possible blame.
Bullet 1: The process works best at the community level in the catchment area around a health post or health center, however, it could also be used at district levelBullet 3: At least 30% of participants need to be from marginalized groups or else their voices will not be heard.There must be clear identification of two “partners,” meaning a clear group that uses a service, and a clear group that is has the responsibility to provide that service.
Bullet 1: The community takes ownership to improve health using existing resources, and client satisfaction and provider performance increases together with overall health status.Bullet 3: Some examples of indicators monitored include: client satisfaction; standard measures of the quality and availability of health services; utilization of health services and promoted health behaviors; and improved equity in health services deliveryBullet 4: Sometimes there can be a lack of investment in the community, mostly due to self-interest and in the case when people involved are not from that particular community, or if providers are not interested in their communities
The CSC is an approach that brings together community members, service providers, and local government to identify service utilization and provision challenges, and to mutually generate solutions, and work in partnership to implement and track the effectiveness of those solutions in an ongoing process of improvementCARE’s Governance Programming Framework Theory of Change is the high level 'theory of change' that guide and underpin CARE's governance work, including CARE’s CSC work: If citizens (i.e. health service users) are empowered, if power holders (i.e. health providers and government) are effective, accountable and responsive, if spaces for negotiation are expanded, effective and inclusive, then sustainable and equitable development (i.e. improvement in health care coverage, quality and equity and improved health outcomes) can be achieved.
Bullet 1: Evidence from the CSC can be used to take uncovered issues to a higher level. District government are involved throughout the entire CSC process. They help with the preparation and planning, and really are the co-implementers.Bullet 3: For example, youth, reproductive health, maternal health, etc.
Bullet 1: The CSC approach can be used to facilitate good governance through promotion of participation, transparency, accountability and informed decision-makingBullet 2: Also will depend on how many staff members are needed to facilitate; The cost of a CSC cycle varies depending on the scale and the scope of the CSC project. The only cost is facilitating the processBullet 3: CARE also ensures measurement of governance outcomes, including improved decision-making, transparency, and accountability. The governance outcomes act as enablers for improved services. ‘Bullet 4: Among government/power holders, questions arise regarding whether the process is beneficial or damaging to them, the amount of time allotted to the process, as well as understanding the benefits of the process. NGOs and civil society may be weary of participating in this process based on perceptions that the process could lead to adversarial relationships with the government
Bullet 1:As part of preparation and planning, context analysis or political economy analysis to understand potential challenges that may happen in the process, and development of processes that can mitigate potential conflict among partners and power dynamicsBullet 2: CVA an extension of their regular programming, which involves marginalized groups. CARE and World Vision use their community score card models specifically with marginalized populations. Bullet 3: Through a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods, including score cards and focus groups, bottlenecks and challenges are defined separately by government partners and civil society.
Bullet 1:The government/public sector and civil society are brought together to compare perceptions from the problem identification phase. These issues are often disaggregated for marginalized groups. Bullet 2: Indicators are developed and measured that focus on accountability functions such as collective capacity, collective action, community empowerment, budget changes, social cohesion, and social capital. Alongside social accountability indicators, sector specific indicators are developed and measured including access to and quality of health services, primary school enrollment, utilization of health services and promoted health behaviors.Bullet 3: Skilled facilitators with negotiation skills is critical for these activities to succeed. Toolkits and field guides exist for partners in the field to adapt when implementing the activitiesBullet 4: All three organizations have undertaken a level of rigor in evaluating various outcomes of their respective interventions, including RCTs and operations research
WRA India is using a Social Watch approach to promote accountability for safe motherhood. Social watch is a ‘people-centered’ strategy that mobilizes civil society to hold governments accountable to their commitments. Social watch techniques mobilize citizens and engage them to hold duty bearers accountable for transforming maternal and newborn health commitments and policies into improved access to quality services. Of the 204 sub-centers and 102 primary health centers assessed under the Deliver Now campaign, results included: an increase in postnatal visits by auxiliary nurse midwives to new mothers and their babies from 15 to 25 percent2013, WRA Uganda launched a campaign to hold the Government accountable to its commitment to provide basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) at all health centres and comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) at 50% of health centreIvs. As part of the campaign efforts, WRA- Uganda, in partnership with the Kabale, Lira and Mityana District Local Governments, organized participatory Health Facility Assessments using checklists to evaluate the provision of Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Provision (EmONC).
Bullet 3: An emphasis on identification of these barriers could help develop solutions for more effective scale up.
Bullet 1: This refers to the elements discussed at the beginning of the presentation 1) citizen-state bridging mechanisms; 2) ability and willingness of citizens–and their representatives/civil society organizations (CSOs)–to engage in effective social accountability and demand government and service provider accountability; 3) ability and willingness of the state–politicians and bureaucrats–and service providers to be accountable and responsive to the public and civil society; 4) and presence of a broader enabling environmentBullet 2: While building community capacity at the local level allows for community ownership, the data generated may not be significant at a national levelBullet 3: It may be helpful to create a database of terms as the World Bank has done in their glossary of Social Accountability Tools and Approaches. It may be beneficial to develop an information repository that contains such a glossary, as well as the evidence-based articles, theoretical and practical tools available among organizations for practitioners,allowing for an opportunity to build synergy, and harnessing a repository of lessons learned. Bullet 4: For example, elements may include World Vision’s ability to bring the CVA approach within area development programs, CARE’s repeated score card process for institutionalization, and Save the Children’s focus on tested indicators for community capacity.