This document summarizes von Willebrand's disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. It is characterized by defective platelet adhesion and aggregation due to reduced or dysfunctional von Willebrand factor. The disorder was first described in 1926 and is caused by mutations in the von Willebrand factor gene. It is classified into types 1, 2, and 3 based on von Willebrand factor levels and functionality. The disease primarily causes mucocutaneous bleeding and bleeding after procedures or trauma. Treatment aims to replace von Willebrand factor levels through desmopressin or factor concentrates.
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. It is caused by deficiencies or defects in von Willebrand factor, which plays a key role in hemostasis. The document discusses the synthesis, structure, and function of VWF, as well as its clearance mechanisms. It then covers the classification of VWD into types 1, 2, and 3 based on the nature and severity of the VWF deficiency. Diagnostic testing and evaluation algorithms are presented. Management strategies for VWD include local hemostatic measures, antifibrinolytic agents, hormonal therapies, desmopressin to increase VWF levels, and VWF/FVIII concentrates for replacement therapy.
This document presents a case study of a 11-year old female patient with Von Willebrand Disease Type III who presented with epistaxis and bleeding from the scalp due to a head injury. Von Willebrand Disease is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of the Von Willebrand Factor, a clotting protein. The patient's lab work showed low levels of Von Willebrand Factor and Factor VIII. She was diagnosed with Von Willebrand Disease Type III and treated with tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding and Von Willebrand Factor replacement therapy.
Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. It results from defects in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. The disease was first described in 1927 and shows considerable genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Patients have physical abnormalities and bone marrow failure. The main risks are aplastic anemia, leukemia, and solid tumors. Treatment involves blood transfusions, androgens, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Management aims to prevent complications and cancers through surveillance and timely intervention.
Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder caused by low levels of the clotting protein von Willebrand factor. There are three main types of the disease - type 1 involves a small amount of von Willebrand factor present, type 2 involves normal levels but defects in function/structure, and type 3 involves no von Willebrand factor present. Symptoms include easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and heavy menstrual periods. The disease is usually inherited and testing involves bleeding time, factor VIII levels, and von Willebrand factor specific tests. Treatment focuses on avoiding aspirin/NSAIDs and using drugs like DDAVP or clotting factor replacements.
The document describes 3 cases of von Willebrand disease (VWD), with Case 1 having Type I VWD characterized by a partial deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), Case 2 having Type 2N VWD or Normandy VWD characterized by a qualitative defect with normal levels of vWF, and Case 3 having the most severe Type III VWD characterized by a complete deficiency of vWF. VWD is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by defects in vWF that leads to reduced platelet adhesion and coagulation Factor VIII levels. The classification and treatment of the different VWD types is outlined based on the level and functional abnormalities of vWF
Von Willebrand Disease is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder; roughly 1 in every 100 people suffers from the disease. People who suffer from VWD have blood that does not clot properly.
Normally when a person is injured and starts to bleed, the von Willebrand factor in the blood attaches to small blood cells called platelets. This helps the platelets stick together to form a clot at the site of the injury and stop bleeding. When a person has VWD, the clot might take longer to form or not form the way it should and bleeding might take longer to stop. This can lead to heavy, hard-to-stop bleeding. Although rare, the bleeding can be severe enough to damage joints or internal organs, or even be life-threatening.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/plateletdisorders.html#cat1
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vwd/facts.html
von Willebrand factor (VWF)is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion. It is deficient and/or defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in many other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
How to approach a child with bleeding disorderKamran Akbar
This document provides guidance on evaluating and treating children with bleeding disorders. It outlines the key steps in the clinical approach: obtaining a medical history, conducting a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests. Common inherited disorders include hemophilia A/B and von Willebrand disease, while acquired disorders include DIC and vitamin K deficiency. Based on the history and exam findings, specific laboratory tests are interpreted to identify coagulation factor deficiencies or other causes of bleeding. Common treatments target the underlying disorder, such as intravenous immunoglobulins for ITP or DDAVP for von Willebrand disease.
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. It is caused by deficiencies or defects in von Willebrand factor, which plays a key role in hemostasis. The document discusses the synthesis, structure, and function of VWF, as well as its clearance mechanisms. It then covers the classification of VWD into types 1, 2, and 3 based on the nature and severity of the VWF deficiency. Diagnostic testing and evaluation algorithms are presented. Management strategies for VWD include local hemostatic measures, antifibrinolytic agents, hormonal therapies, desmopressin to increase VWF levels, and VWF/FVIII concentrates for replacement therapy.
This document presents a case study of a 11-year old female patient with Von Willebrand Disease Type III who presented with epistaxis and bleeding from the scalp due to a head injury. Von Willebrand Disease is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of the Von Willebrand Factor, a clotting protein. The patient's lab work showed low levels of Von Willebrand Factor and Factor VIII. She was diagnosed with Von Willebrand Disease Type III and treated with tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding and Von Willebrand Factor replacement therapy.
Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. It results from defects in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. The disease was first described in 1927 and shows considerable genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Patients have physical abnormalities and bone marrow failure. The main risks are aplastic anemia, leukemia, and solid tumors. Treatment involves blood transfusions, androgens, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Management aims to prevent complications and cancers through surveillance and timely intervention.
Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder caused by low levels of the clotting protein von Willebrand factor. There are three main types of the disease - type 1 involves a small amount of von Willebrand factor present, type 2 involves normal levels but defects in function/structure, and type 3 involves no von Willebrand factor present. Symptoms include easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and heavy menstrual periods. The disease is usually inherited and testing involves bleeding time, factor VIII levels, and von Willebrand factor specific tests. Treatment focuses on avoiding aspirin/NSAIDs and using drugs like DDAVP or clotting factor replacements.
The document describes 3 cases of von Willebrand disease (VWD), with Case 1 having Type I VWD characterized by a partial deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), Case 2 having Type 2N VWD or Normandy VWD characterized by a qualitative defect with normal levels of vWF, and Case 3 having the most severe Type III VWD characterized by a complete deficiency of vWF. VWD is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by defects in vWF that leads to reduced platelet adhesion and coagulation Factor VIII levels. The classification and treatment of the different VWD types is outlined based on the level and functional abnormalities of vWF
Von Willebrand Disease is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder; roughly 1 in every 100 people suffers from the disease. People who suffer from VWD have blood that does not clot properly.
Normally when a person is injured and starts to bleed, the von Willebrand factor in the blood attaches to small blood cells called platelets. This helps the platelets stick together to form a clot at the site of the injury and stop bleeding. When a person has VWD, the clot might take longer to form or not form the way it should and bleeding might take longer to stop. This can lead to heavy, hard-to-stop bleeding. Although rare, the bleeding can be severe enough to damage joints or internal organs, or even be life-threatening.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/plateletdisorders.html#cat1
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vwd/facts.html
von Willebrand factor (VWF)is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion. It is deficient and/or defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in many other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
How to approach a child with bleeding disorderKamran Akbar
This document provides guidance on evaluating and treating children with bleeding disorders. It outlines the key steps in the clinical approach: obtaining a medical history, conducting a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests. Common inherited disorders include hemophilia A/B and von Willebrand disease, while acquired disorders include DIC and vitamin K deficiency. Based on the history and exam findings, specific laboratory tests are interpreted to identify coagulation factor deficiencies or other causes of bleeding. Common treatments target the underlying disorder, such as intravenous immunoglobulins for ITP or DDAVP for von Willebrand disease.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective blood cell production and shortages of normal blood cells. In MDS, the bone marrow cannot produce mature and fully functional blood cells. This leads to low blood cell counts and symptoms like anemia, fatigue, and infections. MDS has several subtypes classified by the FAB system based on blood cell dysplasia and percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, with some subtypes having a higher risk of progression to acute leukemia. Chromosomal abnormalities are common in MDS and help determine prognosis.
La macroglobulinemia de Waldenström es un linfoma linfoplasmocítico caracterizado por la infiltración de la médula ósea por células linfoplasmocíticas productoras de IgM. Se presenta más comúnmente en varones mayores de 70 años y causa síntomas como fatiga, hemorragias, neuropatía y síndrome de hiperviscosidad. El diagnóstico se basa en el hallazgo de IgM monoclonal en sangre y médula ósea, donde se observa infiltración por linfoplasmocitos.
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by mutations that impair the function or production of von Willebrand factor. There are three main types - type 1 is characterized by a quantitative deficiency, type 2 involves qualitative defects, and type 3 is the rarest form with extremely low von Willebrand factor levels. Patients typically present with mucocutaneous bleeding or bleeding after trauma or surgery. Diagnosis involves testing von Willebrand factor antigen levels, activity, and multimers. Treatment options include desmopressin, von Willebrand factor replacement, antifibrinolytics, and adjuvant therapies depending on severity and bleeding history.
Esta presentación trata de hacer una revisión de los linfomas de células B maduras (de acuerdo a la OMS) ,principalmente desde el punto de vista morfológico. Algunos datos importantes para el diagnóstico, subclasificación y perfil inmunohistoquímico de algunas de estas entidades.
Von Willebrand disease is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by missing or defective von Willebrand factor. It results in easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and heavy periods. There are several types classified by the von Willebrand factor defect. Treatment depends on severity but may include desmopressin, clotting factor concentrates, hormonal treatments, or antifibrinolytics. Pregnancy requires extra precautions due to risks of bleeding and transmission to offspring.
Von Willebrand disease is caused by mutations in the von Willebrand factor gene and results in bleeding problems. There are several types of von Willebrand disease characterized by differences in von Willebrand factor amount and function. Treatment depends on disease severity and involves desmopressin, factor replacement therapy, or antifibrinolytics to prevent and control bleeding.
This document summarizes several coagulation disorders including haemophilia A, haemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, other hereditary coagulation factor deficiencies, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. It describes the clinical features, inheritance, laboratory findings, treatment, and management of each condition. Key points include that haemophilia A is the most common clotting factor deficiency, von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, and disseminated intravascular coagulation can be triggered by trauma, infection, cancer and other conditions.
By Srivardhan Vanka, Intern - Batch of 2014, J.I.P.M.E.R.
References from UpToDate and Wintrobe's Hematology 13th Edition and various studies done till December 2019. Quoted when appropriate.
This document discusses anemia in pediatrics. It defines anemia and lists common causes like iron deficiency. Iron is essential for erythropoiesis and its deficiency can cause microcytic anemia. Clinical signs include pallor but may sometimes include more severe symptoms. Laboratory evaluation of iron status includes measurements of iron, ferritin, and TIBC. Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent and results from inadequate iron intake or increased demands that outpace supply.
This document discusses the various causes of thrombocytopenia in pediatrics other than immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It identifies two main categories of causes: increased platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. Causes of increased destruction include immune mechanisms like ITP as well as non-immune mechanisms such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and hypersplenism. Causes of decreased production include bone marrow depression/failure from things like chemotherapy, infections like HIV, or infiltration from cancers or storage diseases. Specific congenital syndromes associated with thrombocytopenia like thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome are also mentioned.
This document discusses various renal pathologies and syndromes. It describes how renal diseases can present as azotemia, prerenal azotemia, postrenal azotemia, or uremia. Major renal syndromes include acute nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure. Specific glomerular diseases like minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy are also discussed in terms of their pathogenesis, morphology, and clinical course.
Acute Tubular Necrosis | DR RAI M. AMMAR | ALL MEDICAL DATA
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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www.medicall.com.pk/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
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Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
The document discusses various tests used to evaluate renal function, including tests of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and clearance tests. It describes how the kidney regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance and produces hormones. Laboratory tests discussed include measures of creatinine, urea, urine output, protein, and osmolality. Causes of impaired kidney function are categorized as pre-renal, renal, or post-renal.
1. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have impaired immune responses that increase their risk of infections. Vaccinations are an important prevention strategy, though CKD patients typically have lower vaccine effectiveness compared to those with healthy kidneys.
2. Key recommended vaccinations for CKD patients include: hepatitis B vaccine (4 doses of 40 μg), influenza vaccine (annual 15 μg doses), and pneumococcal vaccine (single 0.5 mL dose). These vaccines have shown protective benefits, though antibody responses tend to be lower in CKD patients.
3. Additional strategies to improve vaccine responses include earlier vaccination as kidney function declines, intradermal administration, and booster doses for hepatitis B when antibody levels decline below
El documento resume las características de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), incluyendo que se origina de una única célula progenitora B o T, causa supresión de la hematopoyesis debido a la proliferación de blastos en la médula ósea, y puede acumularse extramedularmente. También discute factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales, síntomas, hallazgos en exámenes de laboratorio e inmunofenotipado para el diagnóstico.
AML is characterized by accumulation of abnormal blast cells in the bone marrow and impaired production of normal blood cells. It results from clonal expansion of myeloid precursor cells with reduced ability to differentiate. Treatment involves induction chemotherapy with anthracyclines and cytarabine to achieve complete remission, defined as less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow. Risk is then assessed based on genetics to determine if additional chemotherapy or stem cell transplant is needed.
Glomerulonephritis: History taking and examination.Ahmed Redwan
The history, and physical examination
aimed at :
Clinical differentiation of major nephrological syndromes.
Establishing possible cause(s).
Finding evidence of associated multisystem disease
Excluding confounding non-glomerular disease (e.g. urological)
Evaluation & grading renal function.
Estimate complication (s)
Report previous management to which the patient was subjected to and its outcome.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease characterized by scarring in the glomeruli. It can be primary/idiopathic or secondary to other causes like viral infections, drugs, ischemia, etc. Patients often present with nephrotic syndrome. Treatment involves controlling blood pressure and proteinuria with ACE inhibitors/ARBs initially. For idiopathic FSGS with nephrotic syndrome, the first line treatment is corticosteroids. Mycophenolate mofetil or calcineurin inhibitors can be used as steroid-sparing alternatives. For steroid-resistant FSGS, calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine A are recommended.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounts for 20-40% of nephrotic syndrome cases in adults and children. It can be primary/idiopathic or secondary to various causes. Histologic variants include classic, collapsing, tip, perihilar, and cellular forms. Prognosis depends on factors like proteinuria level, kidney function, and fibrosis. While untreated FSGS often leads to kidney failure, treatment with steroids, immunosuppressants, or plasmapheresis can induce remission. Recurrence is a risk after kidney transplantation, so candidates are warned though transplantation is not precluded.
The document describes an oil in water analyzer that uses ultraviolet light to measure the concentration of oil in a water sample. It works by comparing the absorption of light by the sample to a zero absorption reference. Interfering factors like turbidity are compensated for. The analyzer includes automatic zeroing, a homogenizer to evenly disperse oil in the sample, and calibration procedures. It can be used to monitor oil content in various industrial processes and wastewater applications.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Shaik Saleem. It summarizes his professional experience working as a cashier for Leela Megh Exchange LLC in the UAE since 2015 and previously as a cash collection executive in India from 2012 to 2014. It also lists his education qualifications including an MBA in Finance and Marketing from Osmania University, as well as his technical skills and training. The objective is to obtain a challenging position that utilizes his skills and experience in customer service, relationship management, and analytics.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective blood cell production and shortages of normal blood cells. In MDS, the bone marrow cannot produce mature and fully functional blood cells. This leads to low blood cell counts and symptoms like anemia, fatigue, and infections. MDS has several subtypes classified by the FAB system based on blood cell dysplasia and percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, with some subtypes having a higher risk of progression to acute leukemia. Chromosomal abnormalities are common in MDS and help determine prognosis.
La macroglobulinemia de Waldenström es un linfoma linfoplasmocítico caracterizado por la infiltración de la médula ósea por células linfoplasmocíticas productoras de IgM. Se presenta más comúnmente en varones mayores de 70 años y causa síntomas como fatiga, hemorragias, neuropatía y síndrome de hiperviscosidad. El diagnóstico se basa en el hallazgo de IgM monoclonal en sangre y médula ósea, donde se observa infiltración por linfoplasmocitos.
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by mutations that impair the function or production of von Willebrand factor. There are three main types - type 1 is characterized by a quantitative deficiency, type 2 involves qualitative defects, and type 3 is the rarest form with extremely low von Willebrand factor levels. Patients typically present with mucocutaneous bleeding or bleeding after trauma or surgery. Diagnosis involves testing von Willebrand factor antigen levels, activity, and multimers. Treatment options include desmopressin, von Willebrand factor replacement, antifibrinolytics, and adjuvant therapies depending on severity and bleeding history.
Esta presentación trata de hacer una revisión de los linfomas de células B maduras (de acuerdo a la OMS) ,principalmente desde el punto de vista morfológico. Algunos datos importantes para el diagnóstico, subclasificación y perfil inmunohistoquímico de algunas de estas entidades.
Von Willebrand disease is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by missing or defective von Willebrand factor. It results in easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and heavy periods. There are several types classified by the von Willebrand factor defect. Treatment depends on severity but may include desmopressin, clotting factor concentrates, hormonal treatments, or antifibrinolytics. Pregnancy requires extra precautions due to risks of bleeding and transmission to offspring.
Von Willebrand disease is caused by mutations in the von Willebrand factor gene and results in bleeding problems. There are several types of von Willebrand disease characterized by differences in von Willebrand factor amount and function. Treatment depends on disease severity and involves desmopressin, factor replacement therapy, or antifibrinolytics to prevent and control bleeding.
This document summarizes several coagulation disorders including haemophilia A, haemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, other hereditary coagulation factor deficiencies, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. It describes the clinical features, inheritance, laboratory findings, treatment, and management of each condition. Key points include that haemophilia A is the most common clotting factor deficiency, von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, and disseminated intravascular coagulation can be triggered by trauma, infection, cancer and other conditions.
By Srivardhan Vanka, Intern - Batch of 2014, J.I.P.M.E.R.
References from UpToDate and Wintrobe's Hematology 13th Edition and various studies done till December 2019. Quoted when appropriate.
This document discusses anemia in pediatrics. It defines anemia and lists common causes like iron deficiency. Iron is essential for erythropoiesis and its deficiency can cause microcytic anemia. Clinical signs include pallor but may sometimes include more severe symptoms. Laboratory evaluation of iron status includes measurements of iron, ferritin, and TIBC. Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent and results from inadequate iron intake or increased demands that outpace supply.
This document discusses the various causes of thrombocytopenia in pediatrics other than immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It identifies two main categories of causes: increased platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. Causes of increased destruction include immune mechanisms like ITP as well as non-immune mechanisms such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and hypersplenism. Causes of decreased production include bone marrow depression/failure from things like chemotherapy, infections like HIV, or infiltration from cancers or storage diseases. Specific congenital syndromes associated with thrombocytopenia like thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome are also mentioned.
This document discusses various renal pathologies and syndromes. It describes how renal diseases can present as azotemia, prerenal azotemia, postrenal azotemia, or uremia. Major renal syndromes include acute nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure. Specific glomerular diseases like minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy are also discussed in terms of their pathogenesis, morphology, and clinical course.
Acute Tubular Necrosis | DR RAI M. AMMAR | ALL MEDICAL DATA
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.medicall.com.pk/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
The document discusses various tests used to evaluate renal function, including tests of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and clearance tests. It describes how the kidney regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance and produces hormones. Laboratory tests discussed include measures of creatinine, urea, urine output, protein, and osmolality. Causes of impaired kidney function are categorized as pre-renal, renal, or post-renal.
1. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have impaired immune responses that increase their risk of infections. Vaccinations are an important prevention strategy, though CKD patients typically have lower vaccine effectiveness compared to those with healthy kidneys.
2. Key recommended vaccinations for CKD patients include: hepatitis B vaccine (4 doses of 40 μg), influenza vaccine (annual 15 μg doses), and pneumococcal vaccine (single 0.5 mL dose). These vaccines have shown protective benefits, though antibody responses tend to be lower in CKD patients.
3. Additional strategies to improve vaccine responses include earlier vaccination as kidney function declines, intradermal administration, and booster doses for hepatitis B when antibody levels decline below
El documento resume las características de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), incluyendo que se origina de una única célula progenitora B o T, causa supresión de la hematopoyesis debido a la proliferación de blastos en la médula ósea, y puede acumularse extramedularmente. También discute factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales, síntomas, hallazgos en exámenes de laboratorio e inmunofenotipado para el diagnóstico.
AML is characterized by accumulation of abnormal blast cells in the bone marrow and impaired production of normal blood cells. It results from clonal expansion of myeloid precursor cells with reduced ability to differentiate. Treatment involves induction chemotherapy with anthracyclines and cytarabine to achieve complete remission, defined as less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow. Risk is then assessed based on genetics to determine if additional chemotherapy or stem cell transplant is needed.
Glomerulonephritis: History taking and examination.Ahmed Redwan
The history, and physical examination
aimed at :
Clinical differentiation of major nephrological syndromes.
Establishing possible cause(s).
Finding evidence of associated multisystem disease
Excluding confounding non-glomerular disease (e.g. urological)
Evaluation & grading renal function.
Estimate complication (s)
Report previous management to which the patient was subjected to and its outcome.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease characterized by scarring in the glomeruli. It can be primary/idiopathic or secondary to other causes like viral infections, drugs, ischemia, etc. Patients often present with nephrotic syndrome. Treatment involves controlling blood pressure and proteinuria with ACE inhibitors/ARBs initially. For idiopathic FSGS with nephrotic syndrome, the first line treatment is corticosteroids. Mycophenolate mofetil or calcineurin inhibitors can be used as steroid-sparing alternatives. For steroid-resistant FSGS, calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine A are recommended.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounts for 20-40% of nephrotic syndrome cases in adults and children. It can be primary/idiopathic or secondary to various causes. Histologic variants include classic, collapsing, tip, perihilar, and cellular forms. Prognosis depends on factors like proteinuria level, kidney function, and fibrosis. While untreated FSGS often leads to kidney failure, treatment with steroids, immunosuppressants, or plasmapheresis can induce remission. Recurrence is a risk after kidney transplantation, so candidates are warned though transplantation is not precluded.
The document describes an oil in water analyzer that uses ultraviolet light to measure the concentration of oil in a water sample. It works by comparing the absorption of light by the sample to a zero absorption reference. Interfering factors like turbidity are compensated for. The analyzer includes automatic zeroing, a homogenizer to evenly disperse oil in the sample, and calibration procedures. It can be used to monitor oil content in various industrial processes and wastewater applications.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Shaik Saleem. It summarizes his professional experience working as a cashier for Leela Megh Exchange LLC in the UAE since 2015 and previously as a cash collection executive in India from 2012 to 2014. It also lists his education qualifications including an MBA in Finance and Marketing from Osmania University, as well as his technical skills and training. The objective is to obtain a challenging position that utilizes his skills and experience in customer service, relationship management, and analytics.
Este documento describe el síndrome de von Willebrand adquirido, una enfermedad hemorrágica rara causada por la disminución de los niveles circulantes del factor de von Willebrand. Se presentan varios mecanismos que pueden causar esta condición, incluyendo la presencia de autoanticuerpos contra el factor de von Willebrand, la adsorción del factor por células tumorales, y la proteólisis anormal del factor. También se discuten las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico, y los enfoques de trat
The document discusses pH measurement using a Yokogawa Model PH8EHP pH sensor. Key points:
- The sensor uses a glass electrode method to measure pH in water from 0-50°C at flows from 30-600 ml/min.
- Two-point calibration is standard, using either automatic or manual calibration. Automatic calibration avoids errors.
- Calibration involves measuring the sensor response in pH buffer solutions and adjusting the readings to match the buffer values. The sensor slope can also be directly entered.
- Troubleshooting focuses on checking for broken sensor glass or aging membranes if impedance readings are too high or low. Verifying proper submersion and response in buffers can diagnose
The document discusses ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) analyzers and measurements. It defines ORP as a measure of a substance's tendency to oxidize or reduce another substance. It describes oxidation as the loss of electrons and reduction as the gain of electrons. ORP measurement involves using an inert metal electrode like platinum to develop a potential based on accepting or donating electrons until it matches the solution's ORP value. Regular cleaning and calibration of ORP sensors is needed to maintain accuracy over time. Standard ORP solutions containing quinhydrone crystals are commonly used for calibration.
Es el trastorno hemorrágico hereditario más común
Causada por una deficiencia del factor de von Willebrand, que ayuda a las plaquetas de la sangre a aglutinarse y adherirse a las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos, lo cual es necesario para la coagulación normal de la sangre
Von Willebrand disease is caused by a deficiency in von Willebrand factor, which helps platelets stick together to form clots. It is usually inherited through mutations in the VWF gene. The disease impairs the initial formation of platelet plugs and stabilization of clots. Treatment focuses on replacing or increasing von Willebrand factor through drugs or transfusions to control bleeding issues. Research is ongoing to determine the best management of surgical cases in patients with the disease.
Este documento resume la enfermedad de von Willebrand, el trastorno hemorrágico hereditario más común. Describe las características clínicas y de laboratorio de los diferentes tipos, así como las opciones de tratamiento como la desmopresina, los concentrados de factor von Willebrand y otros agentes. El documento proporciona información detallada sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de esta enfermedad.
This document discusses three cases of von Willebrand disease (VWD) and provides information about VWD.
Case 1 is described as type 1 VWD based on test results showing reduced but present von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and activity. Case 2 is diagnosed as vWD Normandy based on low factor VIII and normal vWF antigen and multimers. Case 3 has complete deficiency of vWF and is diagnosed as type 3 VWD.
The document then provides details on the classification, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of VWD, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. It is caused by mutations in vWF resulting in deficient or defective vWF.
Acid Mine drainage occurrence and its remediationAnurag Jha
Acid mine drainage occurs when sulfide minerals in ore bodies and surrounding rocks are exposed to oxygen and water. This leads to chemical reactions that produce sulfuric acid. The acidity solubilizes heavy metals from waste rocks and tailings, harming the environment. Passive treatment strategies aim to limit these reactions by controlling oxygen, water, and sulfides or neutralizing acidity. Methods include anoxic limestone drains, open limestone channels, and constructed wetlands that use plants and microbes to remove metals. Active treatments use chemical additions but require more maintenance. Both approaches aim to neutralize acidity and precipitate heavy metals to remediate acid mine drainage.
This document provides an overview of inherited bleeding disorders, focusing on von Willebrand disease, hemophilia A, and hemophilia B. It classifies inherited bleeding disorders and discusses their prevalence. For von Willebrand disease, it describes the classification, etiology, functions of von Willebrand factor, diagnosis of different types, and management. It also discusses the formation of the primary hemostatic plug. For hemophilia A and B, it covers clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management, including use of factor replacement therapies.
Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder caused by deficient or abnormal levels of von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps platelets stick to damaged blood vessels. There are three main types - type 1 is the most common and mildest form with low von Willebrand factor levels, type 2 involves defects that impair the function of von Willebrand factor, and type 3 is the most severe form with little to no von Willebrand factor. Treatment depends on the type and severity but may include desmopressin, blood factor replacements, contraceptives, or medications to stabilize clots.
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in humans. It results from a deficiency or abnormality of von Willebrand factor, a protein required for normal clotting. There are several types of von Willebrand disease classified based on the genetic mutation and severity of symptoms. Type 1 is the most common and usually causes mild symptoms like nosebleeds, while Type 3 is the most severe form and can result in life-threatening bleeding. The condition is diagnosed through blood tests measuring von Willebrand factor levels and activity. Treatment depends on the type but may include the drug Desmopressin to increase von Willebrand factor levels for minor procedures.
This document discusses three cases of von Willebrand disease (VWD) and provides details on evaluating and diagnosing the condition.
Case 1 is an 18-year-old woman with easy bruising and heavy menses, who has type 1 VWD. Case 2 is a 32-year-old pregnant woman with a family history of bleeding, who has type IIN (VWD Normandy). Case 3 is a 55-year-old woman with life-long severe bleeding who has type 3 VWD.
The document then provides in-depth information on VWD classification, laboratory evaluation, clinical presentation, treatment options including DDAVP and Humate-P, and modifiers like blood type and comor
This document discusses various bleeding disorders including hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and acquired bleeding disorders. It defines hemophilia as a rare genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in clotting factors such as VIII or IX. Von Willebrand disease is described as the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by a defect in the von Willebrand factor. The document also outlines different types of acquired bleeding disorders and their causes, including deficiencies in clotting factors due to conditions like liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or effects of anticoagulant drugs.
This document discusses disseminated intravascular coagulation (CID), providing definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, treatment options, and examples of research articles on the topic. Specifically, it defines CID as an alteration in coagulation factor V and VII that results in the excessive production of small blood clots within blood vessels. This causes thrombi to form in small blood vessels throughout the peripheral parts of the body. Risk factors include bacteria, viruses, and congenital factors. Signs may include purpura, microangiopathy, and cardiac congestion. Treatment involves blood transfusions, anticoagulants, and plasmapheresis. Examples of relevant research articles are also provided.
This document discusses various coagulation disorders (coagulopathies) including primary and secondary hemostasis disorders as well as inherited and acquired coagulation disorders. Specific coagulation factor deficiencies are described such as hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, and factors VII, IX, and XI deficiencies. Treatment considerations for dental procedures in these disorders and coagulopathies induced by medications like heparin and warfarin are also summarized.
Factor v deficiency is rare
first described in a Norwegian patient in 1943, Identified by Dr. Paul Owren .
Fewer than 200 cases of congenital factor V deficiency have been reported worldwide since 1943.
inheritance of factor V deficiency is autosomal recessive.
usually only needed for severe bleeds or before surgery.
there is no concentrate containing only factor V.
fresh plasma or (FFP) infusions are used to correct the deficiency temporarily and should be given daily during a bleeding episode.
This document provides an overview of approaches to bleeding disorders, including classification, investigation, and treatment. It discusses disorders affecting the blood vessel wall, platelets, and coagulation factors. Specific disorders covered include hemophilia A/B, von Willebrand disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Evaluation, laboratory testing, and management strategies are described for different bleeding disorders. The importance of specialized treatment planning for long-term management is emphasized.
Hemophilia A is the most common form of hemophilia, caused by reduced levels or activity of coagulation factor VIII. This leads to prolonged and unstable clot formation when bleeding occurs. Symptoms can range from bleeding after circumcision or venipuncture in infants to spontaneous bleeding in joints in older patients. Diagnosis involves tests that show prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and low factor VIII levels. Treatment replaces the missing clotting factor, with severity and location of bleeding determining dosage. Preventative treatment and education on self-administered factor replacement can help manage symptoms.
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by mutations that decrease or impair von Willebrand factor, which promotes platelet adhesion and clotting. It ranges from mild to severe. Type I is the most common form with a quantitative deficiency, while type II has qualitative defects affecting function. Treatment involves desmopressin, which releases stored VWF, or VWF replacement for refractory or severe cases. Careful management is needed around procedures and delivery to maintain adequate VWF and factor VIII levels through replacement to prevent bleeding.
This document summarizes the history and current state of hemophilia care. It describes how the availability of plasma-derived and recombinant coagulation factors in the 1970s-1990s allowed for effective treatment and prevention of bleeding in hemophilia patients. Prophylaxis treatment became the standard of care after clinical trials demonstrated its superiority. Advances in the last decade include longer-acting coagulation factors and new non-replacement therapies. The document also discusses current limitations and unmet needs in hemophilia care as well as the prospects for gene therapy-based cures.
Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by deficiencies in clotting factors VIII or IX. It can range from mild to severe depending on factor levels. The knees, elbows, and ankles are most prone to recurrent bleeding in joints (hemarthrosis) leading to hemophilic arthropathy. Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor, though some develop inhibitors requiring bypassing agents. For mild cases, desmopressin can stimulate factor release instead of replacement. Surgery and radiation synovectomy may help joints with persistent bleeding. Von Willebrand disease also involves a platelet dysfunction protein.
This document discusses coagulation disorders and provides information on hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It notes that hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII, while hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency in factor IX. Von Willebrand disease is described as the most common inherited bleeding disorder involving a quantitative or qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor. DIC is defined as an acquired syndrome characterized by systemic intravascular coagulation that can lead to thrombosis and bleeding complications.
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by mutations resulting in decreased or impaired von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWF promotes clotting by forming bridges between platelets and injured endothelium, and between platelets. It also carries and protects factor VIII. VWD is classified into three main types - type I is most common due to VWF deficiency; type II involves functional defects; type III is most severe with very low VWF. Treatment involves desmopressin, VWF replacement, or factor VIII depending on type and severity of bleeding. Careful management is needed around surgery, delivery, and circumcision.
This document provides an overview of several hematological disorders and diseases. It discusses clotting disorders like hemophilia A and B, von Willebrand disease, and thrombophilias. It also covers platelet disorders such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Myeloproliferative disorders, leukemias, lymphomas, and other miscellaneous disorders are described. For each condition, the document outlines key characteristics, diagnostic tests, treatment approaches, and in some cases prognostic factors.
My son had Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome (WAS). He had a bone marrow transplant in August 2006. His WAS is healed. This presentation was designed by some grad students. Some of the content is from my blog and it pictures my son, David. http://www.davidmcnally.blogspot.com
Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder caused by inherited deficiencies in coagulation factors. The most common types are hemophilia A caused by factor VIII deficiency and hemophilia B caused by factor IX deficiency. Symptoms include easy bruising, bleeding into joints and muscles, and life-threatening bleeding in closed spaces or from trauma. Treatment involves replacement of the missing clotting factor through medications like desmopressin for mild cases or clotting factor concentrates for more severe bleeding. The genetics of hemophilia are X-linked and carriers can have mild bleeding tendencies due to lyonization.
Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or car...Bhargav Kiran
Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Vitamin D plays an important role in cardiovascular health beyond just calcium and bone metabolism. It has three main cardiovascular effects: 1) it maintains a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, 2) it decreases endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes proliferation, and 3) it is associated with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. While observational studies show associations between low vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors like dyslipidemia, randomized controlled trials findings have been contradictory. Both deficiency and excess of vitamin D can lead to vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. Low vitamin D has also been associated with higher rates of hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes; however, supplementation trials have not clearly shown cardiovascular benefits.
Nejm Effects of Aspirin for Primary Prevention in Persons with Diabetes MellitusBhargav Kiran
This document summarizes the results of the ASCEND trial, which investigated the effects of low-dose aspirin (100 mg daily) for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in 15,480 adults with diabetes but no history of cardiovascular disease. Over a mean follow-up of 7.4 years:
- Serious vascular events were lower in the aspirin group (8.5%) compared to placebo (9.6%), but major bleeding events were higher with aspirin (4.1% vs 3.2%).
- There was no significant difference in gastrointestinal cancer rates between groups.
- Aspirin prevented some vascular events but increased bleeding, largely offsetting the benefits. The absolute risks and benefits were closely balanced
This document summarizes a randomized controlled trial that investigated whether stable patients with infective endocarditis could be safely treated with oral antibiotics rather than continued intravenous antibiotics. The trial involved 400 patients across multiple centers in Denmark who had infective endocarditis of the left heart caused by common bacterial species. Patients received either continued intravenous antibiotics according to guidelines or a partial oral antibiotic treatment regimen. The primary outcome was to show non-inferiority of oral treatment. Results showed that oral antibiotic treatment was found to be non-inferior to continued intravenous treatment for stable patients.
This document provides information on cardiovascular symptoms, signs, and disease evaluation and management. It discusses:
1) Common cardiac symptoms like chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea and what conditions they can indicate.
2) A comprehensive cardiac examination involves assessing the patient's general appearance, skin, head and neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities as well as measuring vital signs like jugular venous pressure and blood pressure.
3) Establishing a cardiac diagnosis involves considering etiology, anatomical abnormalities, physiological disturbances, and functional disability based on history, physical exam, ECG, imaging, and other tests. Management depends on whether heart disease is present and its severity.
The document discusses various focal cerebral disorders related to language and memory. It describes the left perisylvian network that is critical for language abilities. Key areas include Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus and Wernicke's area in the posterior temporal lobe. Damage to this network can cause different types of aphasias, depending on the location of the lesion. It also discusses networks related to spatial orientation, object recognition, memory, and executive function. Assessment of language abilities including naming, speech, comprehension, repetition, reading, and writing is described. Various aphasia types such as Wernicke's, Broca's, conduction, and anomic aphasia are summarized. Other disorders
This document discusses various symptoms related to cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It defines palpitations as a sensation of irregular heartbeat and lists potential cardiac, psychiatric and miscellaneous causes. Dyspnea is defined as subjective breathing discomfort that can vary in intensity. Cough is described as an essential protective function, with excessive coughing having potential complications. The mechanism of cough and types based on duration are outlined. Hypoxia and its effects on cells, cardiovascular system and central nervous system are summarized. Various causes of hypoxia including respiratory, anemic, carbon monoxide poisoning and more are listed with brief descriptions.
Balanced crystalloids were compared to saline for intravenous fluid administration in critically ill adults. The study involved over 15,000 patients randomized to receive either balanced crystalloids or saline. The primary outcome was a composite of death, new renal replacement therapy, or persistent renal dysfunction within 30 days. Fewer patients who received balanced crystalloids developed hyperchloremia or acidosis. The use of balanced crystalloids resulted in a 1.1 percentage point lower rate of reaching the primary outcome compared to saline.
This document summarizes a randomized controlled trial that investigated whether stable patients with infective endocarditis on the left side of the heart could be safely treated with oral antibiotics instead of continued intravenous antibiotics. The trial involved 400 patients randomized to either continued intravenous or oral antibiotic treatment according to predefined regimens. The primary outcome was a composite of death, embolic events, or recurrence of infection. The results showed that oral antibiotic treatment was noninferior to continued intravenous treatment.
This document discusses acute encephalitis in India. It defines acute encephalitis and acute encephalitis syndrome. Japanese encephalitis virus is a major cause of AES in India, transmitted via Culex mosquitoes between pigs, birds and humans. The document outlines the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of AES. It emphasizes the importance of vaccination and vector control in prevention and control of AES in India.
This document discusses the approach to fever of unknown origin (FUO). It defines FUO as a fever over 101°F for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after initial tests. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes infections, cancers, and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The diagnostic approach focuses on finding potentially diagnostic clues by thorough history, exam, initial tests, and more specialized tests like PET scans and biopsies if needed. Treatment depends on the suspected cause but generally avoids antibiotics until a source is found to avoid obscuring the diagnosis. Prognosis has improved over time but malignancies remain a significant cause of mortality in FUO cases.
1) ATT induced hepatitis refers to drug-induced liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis treatment medications like isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide.
2) These drugs can cause a spectrum of liver damage from asymptomatic transaminase elevations to acute liver failure via both idiosyncratic and dose-dependent mechanisms including intracellular calcium disruption and apoptosis.
3) Risk factors for tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury include older age, female sex, extra-pulmonary or meningeal tuberculosis, malnutrition, alcohol use, viral hepatitis coinfection, and certain genetic factors. Careful monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended during treatment.
Recent changes in behavior of plasmodiumBhargav Kiran
Recent Changes in Behavior of Plasmodium
This document discusses recent changes observed in the behavior of the Plasmodium parasite, which causes malaria. It notes that Plasmodium vivax, previously considered a benign infection, has shown a new potential for severe and life-threatening disease. The document also reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of malaria, including clinical manifestations like anemia, renal failure, pulmonary edema, and complications in pregnancy. It discusses investigations, treatment approaches for uncomplicated and severe malaria, drug prophylaxis, emerging drug resistance, and strategies for controlling the mosquito vector.
This case presentation describes a 54-year-old female patient who presented with fever, easy fatigability, breathlessness, and abdominal pain for 7-10 days. Clinical examination revealed pallor, icterus, bilateral pedal edema, tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Investigations showed anemia, leukocytosis, reticulocytosis, spherocytes, decreased haptoglobin and complement levels, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and a positive Coombs test. The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune mixed hemolytic anemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. She was treated with steroids and supportive
This document provides an overview of atrial myxoma, including its history, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and surgical management. Some key points:
- Atrial myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor, usually located in the left atrium and arising from the interatrial septum.
- Clinical presentation varies depending on location and size of the tumor but can include signs of heart failure, murmurs, arrhythmias, and embolic events.
- Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic tool to determine tumor location, size, and attachment site.
- Surgical resection is the only effective treatment due to risk of embolization and hemodynamic complications.
This document provides an overview of how to approach heart murmurs. It discusses the basics of heart sounds and cardiac cycle timing. It describes the locations used to auscultate heart sounds. Murmurs are defined as audible vibrations caused by increased turbulence in blood flow. Pathological murmurs have distinguishing characteristics like timing within the cardiac cycle. The document outlines how to describe murmurs and provides examples of different types of murmurs heard in various locations based on their timing within the cardiac cycle. It also discusses classifications of murmurs and potential causes.
Insulin analogues are genetically engineered versions of human insulin that are designed to more closely mimic the body's natural insulin secretion. Short-acting analogues like lispro and aspart have a faster onset of action than regular insulin, allowing for more flexibility in dosing around meals. Long-acting analogues like glargine and degludec aim to provide a steady basal insulin level throughout the day without peaks, reducing the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia. While insulin analogues provide benefits over regular insulin in terms of better glycemic control and reduced side effects, their higher cost is still a limitation to their use.
This document discusses the normal metabolism of water and sodium in the body. It covers topics such as the distribution and composition of body fluids, osmotic pressure, and the regulation of water and sodium levels. Water intake and loss must be balanced to maintain homeostasis. The kidneys play an important role in regulating sodium balance by excreting more or less sodium depending on intake levels. Hormones like ADH and aldosterone also help regulate water and sodium metabolism in the body.
This document presents a case study of a 50-year-old female patient who presented with loose stools for 2 days. Her condition did not improve with initial treatment and her diarrhea increased to 20-30 episodes per day. Laboratory tests found Entamoeba histolytica cysts in her stool. Despite treatment with antibiotics, antiamoebic medications, and loperamide, her condition continued to worsen with increased diarrhea episodes. A CT scan showed a simple liver cyst but no other abnormalities. The case is presented for discussion as the patient's condition has not responded to treatment.
This document discusses bradyarrhythmias and approach to treatment. It defines various types of sinus node dysfunction and AV conduction blocks including sick sinus syndrome, sinus pause, sinus arrest, tachy-brady syndrome, and different degrees of AV block. It describes evaluation of sinus node function including intrinsic heart rate, sinus node recovery time and SA conduction time. It discusses reversible and irreversible causes of bradyarrhythmias and guidelines for pacemaker implantation for sinus node and AV node dysfunction. Treatment options including medications and permanent pacing are outlined.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.