Downloaded 114 times
Uploaded byBhargav Kiran
Insulin analogues
Insulin analogues are genetically engineered versions of human insulin that are designed to more closely mimic the body's natural insulin secretion. Short-acting analogues like lispro and aspart have a faster onset of action than regular insulin, allowing for more flexibility in dosing around meals. Long-acting analogues like glargine and degludec aim to provide a steady basal insulin level throughout the day without peaks, reducing the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia. While insulin analogues provide benefits over regular insulin in terms of better glycemic control and reduced side effects, their higher cost is still a limitation to their use.
More Related Content
Similar to Insulin analogues
![diabetes.pptxgtgthtgtgtgthyjiulp'][pp0ppp](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/diabetes-250824142109-beeb6b11-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Insulin analogues
- 1. INSULIN ANALOGUES VAISHNAVI D GENERALMEDICINE PG MGMCRI
- 3. WHAT ARE INSULINANALOGUES • Insulin analogues are genetically engineered molecules • Amino acid sequence in human insulin is changed to alter its pharmacokinetics • They bind to insulin receptors in the same way as human insulin and produce similar effects • Also known as DESIGNER INSULINS INSULIN RECEPTOR LIGANDS DEMOCRATIC INSULINS
- 4. CLASSIFICATION SHORT ACTING LONGACTING REGULAR NPH LISPRO GLARGINE ASPART DETEMIR GLULISINE DEGLUDEC
- 5. NEED FOR INSULINANALOGUES • Aims to mimic physiological insulin secretions • Bolus should have rapid onset ,rapid peak and short duration • Basal requirements should have low basal concentration for a long duration without a peak
- 6. FALLBACKS OF CURRENTINSULIN THERAPY • Does not mimic physiological insulin • Often prevents mismatch between requirement and availability • Causing inadequate glycemic control and late or nocturnal hypoglycemia
- 7. REGULAR INSULIN INSULINANALOGUES FORMS HEXAMERS WHICH DISSOCIATE SLOWLY INTO MONOMERS THUS DEALYING ABSORPTION LESS PROPENSITY TO FORM HEXAMERS EVEN IF HEXAMERS ARE FORMED THEY QUICKLY DISSOCIATE INTO MONOMERS AND ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED. DELAYED ONSET OF ACTION ½ TO 1 HR - POSTPRANDIAL HYPERGLYCEMIA PEAK ACTION 2 TO 3 HRS DURATION OF ACTION 5 TO 8 HRS RAPID ONSET OF ACTION -10 TO 20 MINS PEAK ACTION 1 to 2 HRS DURATION OF ACTION 4 to 5 HRS NEEDS TO BE ADMINISTERED 30 TO 45 MINS BEFORE THE MEAL AND DOSE CANNOT BE ADJUSTED ACCORDING TO SIZE OF MEAL MIMICS PHYSIOLOGICAL BOLUS CAN BE ADMINISTERE BEFOR OR AFTER MEAL ALLOWS DOSE ADJUSMENT ACCORDING TO SIZE OF MEAL VARIES WITH INJECTION SITE AND EXERCISE VARIABILITY OF ABSORPTION AS HIGH AS 25 % DOES NOT VARY WITH INJECTION SITE OR EXERCISE
- 10. LONG ACTING • GLARGINE •DETEMIR • DEGLUDEC
- 11. NPH INSULINS LONGACTING INSULIN ANALOGUES DOES NOT MIMIC PHYSIOLOGICAL BASAL INSULIN SECRETION MIMICS PHYSIOLOGICAL INSULIN SECRETION PEAK ACTION 5 TO 7 HRS LEADING TO NOCTURNAL HYPOGLYCEMIA LOW INSULIN LEVELS OVER 24 HRS NOT LEADING TO NOCTURNAL HYPOGLYCEMIA DURATION OF ACTION NEARLY 20 HRS SO SINGLE INJECION DOES NOT COVER WHOLE DAY DURATION OF ACTION 24 HRS SO ONCE DAILY DOSING IS SUFFICIENT IN NEWER FORMS THRICE A WEEK ADMINISTRATION IS AIMED VARIABILITY OF ABSORPTION AND HIGHLY UNPREDICTABLE ACTION PROFILE IRRESPECTIVE OF TIME OF ADMINISTRATION FASTING AND INTERDIGESTIVE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS ARE MAINTAINED VARIABILITY OF ABSORPTION LOW PREDICTABLE ACTION PROFILE
- 13. DETEMIR • Smooth timeaction profile with no peak • May reqiure twice daily dosing • Glycemic control similar to NPH • Onset of action is dose dependant • Does not cause nocturnal hypoglycemia DEGLUDEC • Ultra long acting insulin analogue • Suitable for thrice weekly administration
- 14. SUITABLE FOR • Professionalswith busy lifestyle and uncertain mealtimes. • Unpredictable FBS /PPBS • People with risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia • Unexpected exercise • Critical patients
- 15. SPECIAL CASES SCENARIO •DKA – IV Lispro • Pregnancy – Aspart and Lispro • Elderly in whom recurrent hypoglycemia is common
- 16. NEWER INSULIN DELIVERYSYSTEM • Analogues also find use in newer insulin delivery systems • Insulin pens with cartridges • Continous Subcutaneous Insulin Injection pumps
- 17. FALLBACKS OF INSULINANALOGUES • Worsening retinopathy with LISPRO as it is homologous to IGF 1 • Association between Glargine and carcinogenecity is being studied • Cost factor is one of the major drawbacks
- 18.
- 20. • Insulin resistanceis described as the failure of target organs to respond normally to the action of insulin • In this condition the cells of especially muscle ,fat and liver tissue express resistance to insulin by failing to take up and utilize glucose for energy and metabolism
- 24. DRUGS CAUSING INSULINRESISTANCE • Rifampicin • Isoniazid • Risperidone • Olanzepine • Progesterones • Corticosteroids • Glucocorticoids
- 29.