This document summarizes information on human behavior and communication. It defines behavior as anything a person does that can be seen or heard, including responses to internal or external stimuli. Several factors that influence human behavior are discussed, including knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, norms, family/peer pressure, and leaders. Scholarly communication is defined as how researchers share their work, including publishing and archiving. Key roles of scholars are to communicate with others to share knowledge, contribute more than just consuming information, and publish in open access journals.

1. Assosa Universitsy
College Of Computing And Informatics
Department Of Information Science
Human Information and Communication
Behavior Individual Assignment:-3
Course code:-INSC 2083
No Name ID no
1, Fekadu Mola Ru0948/11
Submission Date: - 18/05/2013 E.c
Submitted To: - Instructor Mulu Z.

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1, what is behavior?
 The actions or reactions of a person in response to external or internal stimuli; conduct;
manners or deportment, especially good manners; general course of life; treatment of others;
manner of action; the activity of an organism, especially as measurable for its effects;
response to stimulus; the functioning, response or activity of an object or substance.
 Behavior is every action by a person that can be seen or heard. Behavior must be defined in a
way that is both observable and measurable so that everyone working with the child has a
good understanding of what the behavior looks like and sounds like (Alberto & Troutman,
2003).[1]
 Behavior is the function of person’s characteristics and the characteristics of surrounding
environment
 Behavior is a response of an individual or group to an action, environment, person, or
stimulus.
 1. Behavior is everything a person does.
 2. Behaviors is
that can be observed
that can be heard/seen
that can be measured[2]
 Behavior or behavior refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to
the environment. Behavior can be conscious or unconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or
involuntary. Behaviors can be either innate or learned. Human behavior can be common, unusual,
acceptable, or unacceptable.
Meaning of behavior
 Any manifestation of life is activity” & behavior is a collective name for these activities.
 The term behavior includes all the
 Motor or conative activates (walking, swimming, dancing etc.)
 Cognitive activities (thinking, reasoning, imagining)
 Affective activities (feeling happy, sad, angry, etc.)
 The term behavior refers to the entire life activities & experiences of all the living
organisms.[3]

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2, Discuss about information behavior of humans?
 Information behavior (IB) encompasses intentional information seeking as well as
unintentional information encounters.
 Information Behavior what is information behavior? Information behavior The totality of
human behavior in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active
and passive information seeking, and information use (Wilson, 2000)
 Information behavior encompasses information seeking as well as the totality of other
unintentional or passive behaviors (such as glimpsing or encountering information), as well
as purposive behaviors that do not involve seeking, such as actively avoiding
information.[4]
 A process in which humans purposefully engage in order to change their state of
knowledge (Marchionini, 1995, p. 5)
 Information seeking behavior the purposive seeking for information as a consequence of a
need to satisfy some goal. (Wilson, 2000) Information searching behavior The micro-level
of behavior employed by the searcher in interacting with information
 The study of how people need, seek, give, and use information in different contexts,
including the workplace and everyday living” (Pettigrew, Fidel & Bruce, 2001, p. 44)
 A process that includes multiple stages of question asking and refining, information
gathering and evaluating…synthesis and use of information” (Wallace, Kupperman,
Krajcik, & Soloway, 2000).
 Human information behavior is emerging as an important component of information
studies. As in many emerging research areas, one challenge is to identify important facets
of human information behavior and understand how different methods can be best used to
research these facets. This paper presents the framework of an approach to designing and
synthesizing research studies in human information behavior.
 Human information behavior may be conceptualized as “the totality of human behavior in
relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive
information seeking, and information it can be understood as an overarching research
trajectory attempting to develop generalizable explanations of behavioral phenomena
observable when humans acquire and process information. Thus, human information
behavior is not limited to the isolated consideration of a specific type of task such as
decision-making. Instead, it can be interpreted as a boundary spanner serving as a frame for
IS research and uncovering the aforementioned phenomena in computer-mediated settings.
 Study of the user of information rather than the container[5]

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3, what are the factors affecting human behavior? List and explain those factors that affect
human behavior?
 Human behavior is the collection of behaviors exhibited by human beings and influenced by
culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, persuasion, and/or genetics. The
behavior of people is studied by the academic disciplines of psychology, sociology,
economics, and anthropology.
 Human behavior is an important factor in human society. According to Humanism, each
human have a different behavior.
Factors affecting human behavior
Predisposing factors: provide the rationale or motivation for the behavior to occur. Some
of these are:
• Knowledge
• Belief
• Attitudes
• Values
• Norms
Knowledge
 Knowledge knows things, objects, events, persons, situations and everything in the
universe. It is the collection and storage of information or experience. It often comes from
experience. We also gain knowledge through information provided by teachers, parents,
friends, books, newspapers, etc…
Belief
 Belief is a conviction that a phenomenon or object is true or real. People usually do not
know whether what they believe is true or false.
 They are usually derived from our parents, grandparents, and other people we respect.
Beliefs may be helpful, harmful or neutral. If it is not certain that a belief is harmful, it is
better to leave it alone.
Attitudes
 Attitudes the way you think and feel about someone or something a feeling or way of
thinking that affects a person's behavior

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Values
 Values are broad ideas and widely held assumptions regarding what are desirable, correct
and good that most members of a society share.
Norms
 Norms are social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given
situations.
Enabling factors: These are characteristics of the environment that Facilitates healthy
behavior and any skill or resource required to attain the behavior. Enabling factors are
required for motivation to be realized.
Reinforcing factors:
 Reinforcing factors: these factors subsequent to the behavior they are important for
persistence or repetition of the behavior. The most important reinforcing factors for a
behavior to occur or avoid include:
 Family
 Peers, teachers
 Employers, health providers
 Community leaders
 Decision makers
 Pressure from others can be a positive influence to adopt health promoting practices as well
as an obstacle. Influential people significant influence to change others.
 In the case of a young child, it is usually the parents who have the most influence. As a child
grows older, friends become important and a young person can feel a powerful pressure to
conform to the peer group.[6]

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4, what is scholarly communication? Discuss about roles of scholars in human
communication?
 Scholarly communication can be defined as the system through which research and other
scholarly writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly
community, and preserved for future use.
 Scholarly communication is an umbrella term that describes the many ways in which
scholars and researchers share their work: Publishing in print and electronic journals
Archiving their work in digital repositories or on subject-specific websites Using email
listserv mailing lists and online communities Creating new venues for dissemination,
especially online Currently, the field of scholarly communication is undergoing major
changes, as open access and copy left philosophies have begun to impact scholars' attitudes
about sharing their work in a major way.
 Scholarly communication is a cyclical process in which content is generated, reviewed,
disseminated, acquired, preserved, discovered, accessed and assimilated for the
advancement of scholarship.
 Scholarly Communication describes vital component of the development of new knowledge
the system by which researchers share the results of their research with their colleagues/
social group.[7]
 Scholarly communication functions are aimed primarily at supporting researchers on the
campus, to ensure that they have access to the newest formats and channels for releasing
their scholarship and helping it to have the widest distribution and greatest impact. Libraries
that adopt these models do not have campus open access policies in place, but there is
nevertheless an objective to contribute to progress in scholarly communication.

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Roles of scholars in human communication
 To communicate with different scholar to share knowledge.
 Ranges from to be read to create impact
 To be contributors than being merely users
 To be promoted
 To publish in open access journals
 Not only the output, but scholars are online[8]
Bibliography
[1] “Behaviour Modification By : Anju Gautam What is a Behaviour ?”
[2] C. Zulfiquer and A. Amin, “Introduction To Behavioral Science for
Business.,” Acad. Manag. J., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 391–391, 1969, doi:
10.5465/amj.1969.19209595.
[3] “www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com.”
[4] M. Rafiq, “Information behavior Contents :”
[5] “8085178.” [Online]. Available: Introduction to Library & Information
Studies%0AMarch 1, 2010%0A.
[6] H. Officer, “HEALTH OFFICER HEALTH EDUCATION.”
[7] D. F. M. Strauss, “Scholarly communication,” Communicatio, vol. 34, no. 1,
pp. 113–129, 2008, doi: 10.1080/02500160802144587.
[8] J. Gaiser, “Chapter 1 : Introduction To Chapter 1 : Introduction To,” Semant.
Web Educ., vol. 1986, pp. 1–15, 2006, [Online]. Available:
http://www.springer.com/978-0-387-35416-3.