The document outlines the history and key features of the Philippine Constitution from 1897 to present. It discusses 7 different constitutions including the Biak-na-Bato Constitution of 1897, the Malolos Constitution of 1899, the 1935 Constitution establishing the Commonwealth, the 1943 Constitution during Japanese occupation, the 1973 Constitution under Marcos, the 1986 Freedom Constitution, and the current 1987 Constitution. The 1987 Constitution established a presidential system with 3 branches of government - executive headed by the President, legislative composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, and judiciary headed by the Supreme Court.
Module 5: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE DEMOCRATIC POLITICSAngelita Montilla
The document summarizes the historical development of Philippine democratic politics from the pre-colonial period to present. It discusses 8 periods: 1) Pre-colonial period characterized by independent barangays under datus. 2) Spanish period brought centralized government under the governor-general. 3) Revolutionary period saw propaganda movement and establishment of Katipunan government. 4) American period involved transition to self-governance. 5) Japanese period included a puppet government. 6) Postwar period resumed the 1935 constitution. 7) Martial law period imposed dictatorship. 8) Post-EDSA period restored democracy and ratified the 1987 constitution.
The 1987 Constitution was drafted by the 1986 Constitutional Commission established by President Corazon Aquino to replace the 1973 Constitution implemented under Ferdinand Marcos. The Commission was composed of 48 representatives from different sectors who engaged in debates over issues in the draft. They finished in 111 days and the draft was ratified in a February 1987 plebiscite where over 76% voted affirmative. The new Constitution has 18 Articles covering topics like the bill of rights, separation of powers, and social justice.
The document provides an overview of the political and administrative structure of the Philippines. It discusses the unitary presidential system and the three branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial. It describes the structure and powers of each branch. The executive branch is led by the President. The legislative branch is a bicameral Congress consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes lower courts.
Commonwealth of the Republic of the PhilippinesThirdy Malit
The document discusses key events and developments during the American colonial period and Commonwealth period in the Philippines. It describes the establishment of the Philippine Assembly in 1907, accomplishments under Manuel Quezon's leadership, and laws like the Jones Law of 1916 that committed the US to granting independence. It also outlines the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932, the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 that established the Commonwealth, and the 1935 Philippine Constitution that provided for independence.
Ferdinand Marcos ruled the Philippines from 1966 to 1986, concentrating power through a cult of personality and declaring martial law. His regime was criticized for corruption and nepotism. Though initially popular, opposition grew due to human rights abuses and economic troubles. After a disputed election in 1986, the "People Power" movement drove the Marcos family into exile in Hawaii, ending his authoritarian rule.
The document summarizes key events and developments during the Commonwealth Period in Philippine history. It discusses the passage of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting and Tydings-McDuffie Acts which granted Philippine independence. The 1935 Constitution was then approved. Additionally, the document outlines the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War 2, including the Bataan Death March and fall of Corregidor, as well as the economic hardships under Japanese rule.
Elpidio Quirino was the 6th president of the Philippines and 2nd president of the Third Philippine Republic. He served from 1948 to 1953. Some key facts about Quirino include that he was a lawyer and held several positions including senator and secretary of finance and interior before becoming vice president and then president. As president, some of Quirino's goals were the reconstruction of the country, rehabilitation of the economy, and restoring faith in the government. However, his administration struggled with issues like graft, corruption, poverty, and the Huk rebellion. He lost reelection in 1953 to Ramon Magsaysay.
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines had a centralized government with the King of Spain having absolute power. The Governor-General represented the King and had significant authority, checked by bodies like the Royal Audiencia court and visitadors who investigated abuses. Politically, the country was divided into provinces governed by alcaldes mayores or corregidors. Locally, towns were headed by gobernadorcillos and barangays by cabeza de barangays. The Spanish established a system of colonial administration that remained influential in Philippine society until independence.
Module 5: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE DEMOCRATIC POLITICSAngelita Montilla
The document summarizes the historical development of Philippine democratic politics from the pre-colonial period to present. It discusses 8 periods: 1) Pre-colonial period characterized by independent barangays under datus. 2) Spanish period brought centralized government under the governor-general. 3) Revolutionary period saw propaganda movement and establishment of Katipunan government. 4) American period involved transition to self-governance. 5) Japanese period included a puppet government. 6) Postwar period resumed the 1935 constitution. 7) Martial law period imposed dictatorship. 8) Post-EDSA period restored democracy and ratified the 1987 constitution.
The 1987 Constitution was drafted by the 1986 Constitutional Commission established by President Corazon Aquino to replace the 1973 Constitution implemented under Ferdinand Marcos. The Commission was composed of 48 representatives from different sectors who engaged in debates over issues in the draft. They finished in 111 days and the draft was ratified in a February 1987 plebiscite where over 76% voted affirmative. The new Constitution has 18 Articles covering topics like the bill of rights, separation of powers, and social justice.
The document provides an overview of the political and administrative structure of the Philippines. It discusses the unitary presidential system and the three branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial. It describes the structure and powers of each branch. The executive branch is led by the President. The legislative branch is a bicameral Congress consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes lower courts.
Commonwealth of the Republic of the PhilippinesThirdy Malit
The document discusses key events and developments during the American colonial period and Commonwealth period in the Philippines. It describes the establishment of the Philippine Assembly in 1907, accomplishments under Manuel Quezon's leadership, and laws like the Jones Law of 1916 that committed the US to granting independence. It also outlines the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932, the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 that established the Commonwealth, and the 1935 Philippine Constitution that provided for independence.
Ferdinand Marcos ruled the Philippines from 1966 to 1986, concentrating power through a cult of personality and declaring martial law. His regime was criticized for corruption and nepotism. Though initially popular, opposition grew due to human rights abuses and economic troubles. After a disputed election in 1986, the "People Power" movement drove the Marcos family into exile in Hawaii, ending his authoritarian rule.
The document summarizes key events and developments during the Commonwealth Period in Philippine history. It discusses the passage of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting and Tydings-McDuffie Acts which granted Philippine independence. The 1935 Constitution was then approved. Additionally, the document outlines the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War 2, including the Bataan Death March and fall of Corregidor, as well as the economic hardships under Japanese rule.
Elpidio Quirino was the 6th president of the Philippines and 2nd president of the Third Philippine Republic. He served from 1948 to 1953. Some key facts about Quirino include that he was a lawyer and held several positions including senator and secretary of finance and interior before becoming vice president and then president. As president, some of Quirino's goals were the reconstruction of the country, rehabilitation of the economy, and restoring faith in the government. However, his administration struggled with issues like graft, corruption, poverty, and the Huk rebellion. He lost reelection in 1953 to Ramon Magsaysay.
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines had a centralized government with the King of Spain having absolute power. The Governor-General represented the King and had significant authority, checked by bodies like the Royal Audiencia court and visitadors who investigated abuses. Politically, the country was divided into provinces governed by alcaldes mayores or corregidors. Locally, towns were headed by gobernadorcillos and barangays by cabeza de barangays. The Spanish established a system of colonial administration that remained influential in Philippine society until independence.
The document provides details about American colonial policy and government in the Philippines from 1898 to 1935. Some key points:
1. American colonial policy said they would grant independence when Filipinos were ready, unlike other colonial powers who wanted to rule indefinitely.
2. Under civilian and military governments, Americans shared some power with Filipinos and adopted a more generous approach than other colonizers.
3. Filipinos resisted through theater, literature, peasant revolts and the Communist Party while also pursuing independence through the establishment of the Commonwealth in 1935.
Elpidio Quirino was the second president of the Philippines, holding office from 1948 to 1953. He had a long career of public service before becoming president, including as a representative, senator, and secretary of finance and interior. As president during the Huk rebellion, he granted amnesty to Huk guerrillas but agrarian reforms proved insufficient. Quirino supported various industrial and infrastructure projects but was unpopular due to corruption and losing the 1953 election to Ramon Magsaysay.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo faced numerous controversies and issues during her presidency, including the Oakwood Mutiny led by military officers protesting corruption, the "Hello Garci" phone call controversy suggesting she rigged the 2004 election, and the uncompleted Northrail project that cost billions despite no railroad being built. Other controversies included the fertilizer fund scam diverting money to her campaign and the 2006 declaration of a state of emergency allowing arrests without warrants.
The Philippine Commonwealth was established on November 15, 1935 after the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934. This act established a 10-year period of self-governance for the Philippines before full independence. Manuel Quezon was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth. Key accomplishments during this period included establishing new government departments and offices, granting women's suffrage, promoting social justice reforms, and improving the Philippine economy. The Commonwealth government worked towards preparing the country for full independence.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, making her the country's second female president. Some key aspects of her presidency included assuming office after President Estrada was ousted, initiatives to improve the economy, attempts at constitutional reform, controversies over alleged election rigging and corruption scandals, and maintaining close ties with key allies like the United States. Her presidency faced significant opposition and was marked by various political crises and allegations of abuse of power.
The Third Philippine Republic was inaugurated on July 4, 1946 marking Philippine independence from the United States. Manuel Roxas was the first president of the Third Republic and worked to solve socio-economic problems through new government organizations and legislation. Subsequent presidents Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos Garcia, and Diosdado Macapagal all passed new laws focused on social welfare programs, land reform, economic independence, and commemoration of Philippine independence.
Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was the first female president of the Philippines, serving from 1986 to 1992. After her husband Benigno Aquino Jr., a critic of the Marcos dictatorship, was assassinated in 1983, Aquino emerged as the leader of the opposition against President Ferdinand Marcos. In 1986, Aquino ran for president against Marcos and called for civil disobedience when she believed she lost due to election fraud. Mass protests led to Marcos' ousting and Aquino's installation as president, restoring democracy. As president, Aquino oversaw a new constitution and economic reforms while facing coup attempts and natural disasters.
The document summarizes key aspects of society in the Philippines during Rizal's time under Spanish rule in the late 19th century. It describes a feudal social structure with racial discrimination, a centralized political system governed from Madrid through governors general with extensive powers, and an educational system focused on religion run primarily by friars that was criticized for its outdated methods and prejudice against Filipinos.
The Aquino Administration achieved several important political, economic, and social reforms including enacting the 1987 Constitution, restoring democratic institutions, implementing agrarian reform, and establishing social welfare programs. The Constitution curbed presidential power and proposed autonomous regions. Agrarian reform laws like CARL and CARP aimed to more equitably distribute land to farmers. New departments like DSWD worked to aid the disabled and needy while reforms faced challenges from lobbying and lack of support.
The Malolos Congress drafted the Malolos Constitution in 1898 at the Barasoain Church in Malolos City, Bulacan. The constitution established the First Philippine Republic and outlined the new government, separating church and state and calling for elections and civil rights. It was ratified on November 29, 1898 and promulgated into law on January 22, 1899. Emilio Aguinaldo led the revolutionary government as President.
1) Pre-Spanish Philippines consisted of scattered barangay societies located along coastal and river areas for access to resources. 2) The Spaniards colonized the Philippines in the 16th century and organized it into provinces headed by appointed officials. 3) In the late 19th century, liberal ideas and economic growth fueled nationalist sentiment, culminating in the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.
Marcos Regime in the Philippines - Martial LawIvan Bendiola
This document provides information about martial law in the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos. It discusses what martial law is and notes that Marcos declared martial law in 1972 citing rising communist influence. The document outlines several economic, social, and political reforms and programs that Marcos implemented under martial law such as land reform, increasing wages, and shifting foreign policy away from the United States. It also discusses both economic gains and losses that occurred during the martial law period.
The document discusses the evolution of Philippine government from independence to present day. It begins with the establishment of the First Philippine Republic in 1899 after the ratification of the Malolos Constitution. This republic was abolished by the US in 1899 when it began annexing the Philippines. The document then discusses the establishment of the Biak-na-Bato Republic and the making of the Malolos Constitution. It continues discussing the various governments that followed including the Commonwealth periods and the Japanese occupation during World War 2 when the short-lived Second Philippine Republic was established under the 1943 Constitution.
Agrarian land reform program (roxas aquino)Marvin Morales
The document summarizes the history of agrarian land reform programs in the Philippines from the administrations of Manuel Roxas to Corazon Aquino. It discusses the key legislations and initiatives passed during each presidency to address land ownership and promote social justice. While progress was made, many administrations struggled with lack of funding, opposition from landowners, and slow implementation. Under Aquino, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program was established as the centerpiece of her administration but still faced challenges of budget shortfalls, legal issues, and inter-agency coordination.
The document summarizes the administrations of Philippine presidents from Manuel Roxas to Ferdinand Marcos during the Third Philippine Republic from 1946 to 1972. Key events include the establishment of military agreements with the US, failed efforts to curb corruption and contain the Huk insurgency, economic reconstruction, the rise of the Communist movement and groups like the NPA, and the declaration of martial law by Marcos in 1972.
This document provides information on the different presidents of the Philippines from Emilio Aguinaldo's presidency of the First Republic in 1899 to Benigno Aquino III's presidency of the Fifth Republic. For each president, it outlines their term in office, the kind of government during their presidency, the president's strengths and weaknesses, and whether their presidency succeeded or failed. The document focuses on the different eras of Philippine government and the accomplishments and challenges of each president.
Pedro A. Paterno was born in 1857 in Manila to a wealthy family. He studied at Ateneo Municipal de Manila and universities in Spain, becoming the first Filipino to write a novel in 1885 called Ninay. As a politician, Paterno served as the second Prime Minister of the Philippine Republic from May to November 1899 and was a member of the Philippine Assembly. He is also known for mediating the Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Spanish colonial authorities and Filipino revolutionaries in 1897. Throughout his career, Paterno switched his allegiance between supporting Spanish colonial rule and later backing American colonial rule, earning him a reputation as an opportunistic politician.
Ferdinand Marcos served as the 10th President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. During his presidency, he faced challenges like corruption and smuggling. He reorganized several government agencies and pursued infrastructure projects. However, he eventually declared martial law in 1972 and ruled as a dictator. In 1986, Marcos claimed victory in a presidential election but the results were disputed and massive protests erupted, leading to his ouster. He fled to Hawaii in exile and died in 1989. In 2016, the Supreme Court ruled that Marcos could receive a hero's burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani cemetery, a controversial decision supported by President Duterte.
The document summarizes the history of the 5th Philippine Republic from 1986 to the present, outlining the key events and policies of each presidential administration. It discusses Corazon Aquino's ratification of the 1987 constitution after People Power I, Fidel Ramos' economic reforms, Joseph Estrada's impeachment and ouster in EDSA II, Gloria Arroyo's conflicts and scandals, Benigno Aquino III's response to disasters, and Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs and infrastructure projects.
Rizal wrote two letters on June 20, 1892 that he left with his friend Dr. Lorenzo Marquez and instructed to be opened after his death. In the first letter to his family, Rizal expresses his love for them but says he must fulfill his duty to expose himself to danger and finish his work for the Philippines, even if it means death. He wants his family to be happy and not suffer persecution on his account. The second letter to his countrymen explains that he cannot live knowing others suffer unjust persecution because of him, so he prefers to face death and free many innocents from this persecution. Rizal expresses his love for his country and willingness to die for his duties and convictions.
The document summarizes the history of Philippine constitutions, beginning with the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato and 1899 Malolos Constitution during the Philippine Revolution. It then discusses the key acts and agreements that established frameworks for Philippine self-governance under U.S. sovereignty, culminating in the 1935 Constitution which established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and paved the way for full independence. Key events included the Jones Law of 1916, Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, and the 1934 Constitutional Convention which drafted the 1935 Constitution.
The document summarizes the evolution of the Philippine constitution from Spanish rule through present day. It discusses the key constitutions including the Malolos Constitution of 1899, which established the first republic; the 1935 constitution, which established the Commonwealth; the 1943 constitution established under Japanese occupation; and the 1973 constitution under martial law, which changed the government to a parliamentary system. The document traces the development of government structures and emphasized provisions over time.
The document provides details about American colonial policy and government in the Philippines from 1898 to 1935. Some key points:
1. American colonial policy said they would grant independence when Filipinos were ready, unlike other colonial powers who wanted to rule indefinitely.
2. Under civilian and military governments, Americans shared some power with Filipinos and adopted a more generous approach than other colonizers.
3. Filipinos resisted through theater, literature, peasant revolts and the Communist Party while also pursuing independence through the establishment of the Commonwealth in 1935.
Elpidio Quirino was the second president of the Philippines, holding office from 1948 to 1953. He had a long career of public service before becoming president, including as a representative, senator, and secretary of finance and interior. As president during the Huk rebellion, he granted amnesty to Huk guerrillas but agrarian reforms proved insufficient. Quirino supported various industrial and infrastructure projects but was unpopular due to corruption and losing the 1953 election to Ramon Magsaysay.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo faced numerous controversies and issues during her presidency, including the Oakwood Mutiny led by military officers protesting corruption, the "Hello Garci" phone call controversy suggesting she rigged the 2004 election, and the uncompleted Northrail project that cost billions despite no railroad being built. Other controversies included the fertilizer fund scam diverting money to her campaign and the 2006 declaration of a state of emergency allowing arrests without warrants.
The Philippine Commonwealth was established on November 15, 1935 after the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934. This act established a 10-year period of self-governance for the Philippines before full independence. Manuel Quezon was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth. Key accomplishments during this period included establishing new government departments and offices, granting women's suffrage, promoting social justice reforms, and improving the Philippine economy. The Commonwealth government worked towards preparing the country for full independence.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, making her the country's second female president. Some key aspects of her presidency included assuming office after President Estrada was ousted, initiatives to improve the economy, attempts at constitutional reform, controversies over alleged election rigging and corruption scandals, and maintaining close ties with key allies like the United States. Her presidency faced significant opposition and was marked by various political crises and allegations of abuse of power.
The Third Philippine Republic was inaugurated on July 4, 1946 marking Philippine independence from the United States. Manuel Roxas was the first president of the Third Republic and worked to solve socio-economic problems through new government organizations and legislation. Subsequent presidents Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos Garcia, and Diosdado Macapagal all passed new laws focused on social welfare programs, land reform, economic independence, and commemoration of Philippine independence.
Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was the first female president of the Philippines, serving from 1986 to 1992. After her husband Benigno Aquino Jr., a critic of the Marcos dictatorship, was assassinated in 1983, Aquino emerged as the leader of the opposition against President Ferdinand Marcos. In 1986, Aquino ran for president against Marcos and called for civil disobedience when she believed she lost due to election fraud. Mass protests led to Marcos' ousting and Aquino's installation as president, restoring democracy. As president, Aquino oversaw a new constitution and economic reforms while facing coup attempts and natural disasters.
The document summarizes key aspects of society in the Philippines during Rizal's time under Spanish rule in the late 19th century. It describes a feudal social structure with racial discrimination, a centralized political system governed from Madrid through governors general with extensive powers, and an educational system focused on religion run primarily by friars that was criticized for its outdated methods and prejudice against Filipinos.
The Aquino Administration achieved several important political, economic, and social reforms including enacting the 1987 Constitution, restoring democratic institutions, implementing agrarian reform, and establishing social welfare programs. The Constitution curbed presidential power and proposed autonomous regions. Agrarian reform laws like CARL and CARP aimed to more equitably distribute land to farmers. New departments like DSWD worked to aid the disabled and needy while reforms faced challenges from lobbying and lack of support.
The Malolos Congress drafted the Malolos Constitution in 1898 at the Barasoain Church in Malolos City, Bulacan. The constitution established the First Philippine Republic and outlined the new government, separating church and state and calling for elections and civil rights. It was ratified on November 29, 1898 and promulgated into law on January 22, 1899. Emilio Aguinaldo led the revolutionary government as President.
1) Pre-Spanish Philippines consisted of scattered barangay societies located along coastal and river areas for access to resources. 2) The Spaniards colonized the Philippines in the 16th century and organized it into provinces headed by appointed officials. 3) In the late 19th century, liberal ideas and economic growth fueled nationalist sentiment, culminating in the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.
Marcos Regime in the Philippines - Martial LawIvan Bendiola
This document provides information about martial law in the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos. It discusses what martial law is and notes that Marcos declared martial law in 1972 citing rising communist influence. The document outlines several economic, social, and political reforms and programs that Marcos implemented under martial law such as land reform, increasing wages, and shifting foreign policy away from the United States. It also discusses both economic gains and losses that occurred during the martial law period.
The document discusses the evolution of Philippine government from independence to present day. It begins with the establishment of the First Philippine Republic in 1899 after the ratification of the Malolos Constitution. This republic was abolished by the US in 1899 when it began annexing the Philippines. The document then discusses the establishment of the Biak-na-Bato Republic and the making of the Malolos Constitution. It continues discussing the various governments that followed including the Commonwealth periods and the Japanese occupation during World War 2 when the short-lived Second Philippine Republic was established under the 1943 Constitution.
Agrarian land reform program (roxas aquino)Marvin Morales
The document summarizes the history of agrarian land reform programs in the Philippines from the administrations of Manuel Roxas to Corazon Aquino. It discusses the key legislations and initiatives passed during each presidency to address land ownership and promote social justice. While progress was made, many administrations struggled with lack of funding, opposition from landowners, and slow implementation. Under Aquino, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program was established as the centerpiece of her administration but still faced challenges of budget shortfalls, legal issues, and inter-agency coordination.
The document summarizes the administrations of Philippine presidents from Manuel Roxas to Ferdinand Marcos during the Third Philippine Republic from 1946 to 1972. Key events include the establishment of military agreements with the US, failed efforts to curb corruption and contain the Huk insurgency, economic reconstruction, the rise of the Communist movement and groups like the NPA, and the declaration of martial law by Marcos in 1972.
This document provides information on the different presidents of the Philippines from Emilio Aguinaldo's presidency of the First Republic in 1899 to Benigno Aquino III's presidency of the Fifth Republic. For each president, it outlines their term in office, the kind of government during their presidency, the president's strengths and weaknesses, and whether their presidency succeeded or failed. The document focuses on the different eras of Philippine government and the accomplishments and challenges of each president.
Pedro A. Paterno was born in 1857 in Manila to a wealthy family. He studied at Ateneo Municipal de Manila and universities in Spain, becoming the first Filipino to write a novel in 1885 called Ninay. As a politician, Paterno served as the second Prime Minister of the Philippine Republic from May to November 1899 and was a member of the Philippine Assembly. He is also known for mediating the Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Spanish colonial authorities and Filipino revolutionaries in 1897. Throughout his career, Paterno switched his allegiance between supporting Spanish colonial rule and later backing American colonial rule, earning him a reputation as an opportunistic politician.
Ferdinand Marcos served as the 10th President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. During his presidency, he faced challenges like corruption and smuggling. He reorganized several government agencies and pursued infrastructure projects. However, he eventually declared martial law in 1972 and ruled as a dictator. In 1986, Marcos claimed victory in a presidential election but the results were disputed and massive protests erupted, leading to his ouster. He fled to Hawaii in exile and died in 1989. In 2016, the Supreme Court ruled that Marcos could receive a hero's burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani cemetery, a controversial decision supported by President Duterte.
The document summarizes the history of the 5th Philippine Republic from 1986 to the present, outlining the key events and policies of each presidential administration. It discusses Corazon Aquino's ratification of the 1987 constitution after People Power I, Fidel Ramos' economic reforms, Joseph Estrada's impeachment and ouster in EDSA II, Gloria Arroyo's conflicts and scandals, Benigno Aquino III's response to disasters, and Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs and infrastructure projects.
Rizal wrote two letters on June 20, 1892 that he left with his friend Dr. Lorenzo Marquez and instructed to be opened after his death. In the first letter to his family, Rizal expresses his love for them but says he must fulfill his duty to expose himself to danger and finish his work for the Philippines, even if it means death. He wants his family to be happy and not suffer persecution on his account. The second letter to his countrymen explains that he cannot live knowing others suffer unjust persecution because of him, so he prefers to face death and free many innocents from this persecution. Rizal expresses his love for his country and willingness to die for his duties and convictions.
The document summarizes the history of Philippine constitutions, beginning with the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato and 1899 Malolos Constitution during the Philippine Revolution. It then discusses the key acts and agreements that established frameworks for Philippine self-governance under U.S. sovereignty, culminating in the 1935 Constitution which established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and paved the way for full independence. Key events included the Jones Law of 1916, Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, and the 1934 Constitutional Convention which drafted the 1935 Constitution.
The document summarizes the evolution of the Philippine constitution from Spanish rule through present day. It discusses the key constitutions including the Malolos Constitution of 1899, which established the first republic; the 1935 constitution, which established the Commonwealth; the 1943 constitution established under Japanese occupation; and the 1973 constitution under martial law, which changed the government to a parliamentary system. The document traces the development of government structures and emphasized provisions over time.
W12-Module 12 Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in Philippine H...LuisSalenga1
The document summarizes the evolution of constitutions in Philippine history, beginning with the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. It then discusses the 1899 Malolos Constitution and the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution established under U.S. rule. The 1973 Constitution transformed the government into an authoritarian system under Ferdinand Marcos until the 1986 People Power Revolution established the current Freedom Constitution.
The document discusses the evolution of constitutions in the Philippines from the Biak-na-Bato Constitution of 1897 to the 1987 Constitution. It describes how the Biak-na-Bato Constitution was the first republic declared in the Philippines under Emilio Aguinaldo. The Malolos Constitution of 1899 then established the first republic. After US colonization, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution and 1973 Constitution established authoritarian rule under Marcos. The 1987 Constitution established a democratic republic after Marcos and martial law.
The document discusses the evolution of constitutions in the Philippines from the Biak-na-Bato Constitution of 1897 to the 1987 Constitution. It describes how the Biak-na-Bato Constitution was the first republic declared in the Philippines under Emilio Aguinaldo. The Malolos Constitution of 1899 then established the first republic. After US colonization, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution and 1973 Constitution established authoritarian rule under Marcos. The 1987 Constitution established a democratic republic after Marcos and martial law.
The document outlines the history and key components of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. It discusses the previous constitutions from 1898 onwards and how they shaped the government and laws of the Philippines over time. It also lists the 18 parts that make up the 1987 Constitution, establishing the Philippines as a democratic republic and outlining the branches of government and protections for citizens.
Chapter-4-Social-Political-Economic-And-Cultural-Issues-in-Philippine-History...Mark James Viñegas
The document summarizes the evolution of Philippine constitutions from 1897 to 1987. It discusses key provisions and events surrounding 6 constitutions: the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, the 1899 Malolos Constitution, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution under Marcos' authoritarian rule, the 1986 Freedom Constitution as a transitional document, and the 1987 Constitution established after the People Power Revolution. The constitutions reflected the Philippines' changing political circumstances and struggle for independence over the decades.
The document discusses the evolution of constitutions in Philippine history, beginning with the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato and including the 1899 Malolos Constitution, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitutional Authoritarianism under Marcos, and the 1987 Constitution after Martial Law. It analyzes key aspects of these constitutions such as the separation of powers and the rights and freedoms established. The document also examines attempts to amend the current 1987 Constitution.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of Philippine constitutions from 1897 to 1987. It summarizes key details about the Biak-na-Bato Constitution of 1897, Malolos Constitution of 1899, 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, 1973 Constitution under Marcos, and the 1987 Constitution after Martial Law. The constitutions established different forms of government and were influenced by other countries and events in Philippine history, with some never fully implemented or transitioning the country towards independence.
The document discusses the legislative power and history of the Philippine legislature. It explains that the Philippines has a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives according to the 1987 Constitution. It then provides details on the qualifications, powers and salaries of senators and congressmen. The document proceeds to summarize the history of the legislature from Spanish rule, through the American colonial period, the Japanese occupation, and up to the present post-independence constitution.
The document summarizes the evolution of Philippine politics and governance from pre-historic times to the present. It describes how the early Filipinos had a system of government led by Datu or Rajah. When Spain colonized the Philippines, a centralized government was established headed by a Governor-General appointed by the King of Spain. The Philippine revolution against Spain established the first Philippine Republic led by President Emilio Aguinaldo. The U.S. then took control and established civil government. This eventually transitioned to a Commonwealth and independence in 1946. The 1987 Constitution established the current system with executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
The document summarizes the evolution of Philippine politics and governance from pre-historic times to the present. It describes how the early Filipinos had a system of government led by Datu or Rajah. When Spain colonized the Philippines, a centralized government was established headed by a Governor-General appointed by the King of Spain. The Philippine revolution against Spain established the first Philippine Republic led by President Emilio Aguinaldo. The U.S. then took control and established civil government. This eventually transitioned to a Commonwealth and independence in 1946. The 1987 Constitution established the current system of three independent branches of government.
Organic Laws Implemented in The Philippines and HeroesCarloPMarasigan
The document discusses key events and figures in Philippine history between 1898-1941 related to the country's independence movement and governance under American rule. It describes the organic laws passed by the US Congress that established civilian governments in the Philippines, including the 1902 Philippine Organic Act, the 1916 Jones Law, and the 1934 Tydings–McDuffie Act, which paved the way for independence. It also profiles influential Filipino revolutionaries who fought for freedom from Spanish colonial rule, such as Andres Bonifacio, Jose Rizal, Apolinario Mabini, and Gregorio del Pilar.
Philippine history -malolos-1935 constitution.pptxrperiarce
The document summarizes the evolution of Philippine constitutions from 1897 to 1935. It discusses the key provisions and influences of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution of 1897, Malolos Constitution of 1899, and the Commonwealth Constitution of 1935. The Commonwealth Constitution established the transitional government to independence and was influenced by American, Spanish, German, and other South American constitutions. It created a bicameral legislative body and was ratified in 1935, establishing the Philippine Commonwealth.
Social, political, economic & cultural issues of the phDyahmm Cabrera
Readings in the Philippine History Topic on Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in the PH
Powerpoint background from https://www.choosephilippines.com/go/festivals/804/QueerSmiles
The document summarizes the transition of Philippine government from the revolutionary Katipunan movement to the establishment of the Third Republic. It discusses the various revolutionary governments established including the Biak-na-Bato Republic, Revolutionary Government, Malolos Congress, and Constitutional Government. It also outlines the American colonial period and governments, Japanese occupation, Second Republic under Laurel, and concludes with an overview of the six presidents of the Third Republic from 1946 to 1986.
The document summarizes the political history and development of the Philippine government from 1868-1941. It describes the revolutionary period against Spanish colonial rule led by figures like Jose Rizal and the founding of the Katipunan movement for independence. It then outlines the American period after the US acquired the Philippines from Spain, including the establishment of a military government followed by a civilian administration and the gradual development of democratic institutions and self-governance over time. The document highlights the enduring influence of American colonial rule on the current political system and democratic ideals in the Philippines.
The document provides an overview of the constitutions that have governed the Philippines, including the 1987 Constitution that remains in effect today. It summarizes the key provisions and history of the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1943 Constitution of the Second Philippine Republic under Japanese occupation, the 1986 Freedom Constitution established after the People Power Revolution, and the current 1987 Constitution ratified in 1987. It also briefly profiles some of the Philippine presidents that governed under earlier constitutions like Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino, and Carlos Garcia.
The document summarizes the transition of government in the Philippines from the revolutionary Katipunan movement to the establishment of the Second Philippine Republic and the subsequent governments during the American colonial and Japanese occupation periods. Key events include the rise of the Magdalo faction and Aguinaldo's government, the Biak-na-Bato Republic, the Malolos Congress and Constitution, the American establishment of a military then civil government, and the creation of the Commonwealth government under the 1935 Constitution in the lead up to independence. During the Japanese occupation, the government was reorganized under the Philippine Executive Commission.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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1. THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Constitution – a fundamental law of a nation or state. It is the
constitution that establishes the character and basic principles of
the government.
The system that runs the government is often codified in this written
document, which forms the fundamental rules and principles by which an
organization is managed.
A constitution is also described as “the highest expression of the
law.”
The purposes of a constitution
1. It prescribes the kind of government that will exist in the
state.
2. It creates the different departments and specifies their
respective functions and duties.
3. It is the source of the sovereign powers of a government by
establishing the fixed, first or basic principles.
4. It promotes public welfare. The constitution establishes the
rights of the people which the government is obligated to
protect.
Constitutional convention – a body assembled for the express purpose
of framing or writing a constitution, revising an existing one, or
proposing amendments to it.
After writing the constitution, the draft constitution or its
amendments/revisions are submitted to a plebiscite for ratification in
which the people will decide whether it is acceptable to become a law
of the land. This is different from a referendum in which a law passed
by a legislative body is brought before the people voted upon.
HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
1. The Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution (1897)
- The Philippine Revolution reached a stalemate in 1897 when the
revolutionary forces of Gen.Emilio Aguinaldo fled to the
mountains of Biak na Bato in San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan.
- In order to consolidate the forces still fighting in the other
provinces, Aguinaldo met with his leaders to establish a
recognized government. A revolutionary government had already
formed in March 1897 with Aguinaldo as President in Tejeros in
Cavite. It was this government that was now in Biak-na-Bato
- An assembly of Filipino rebel leaders were called and it was
agreed that a republican form of government would be formed.
Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer were tasked to write a
constitution. Both decided to adopt the provisions of the
Constitution framed in Jumaguayu, Cuba and from this the
Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was formulated.
2. - The Constitution was promulgated by the Philippine Revolutionary
Government on November 1, 1897 and became the provisionary
constitution of the government during the Revolution against
Spain.
The Biak-na-Bato Constitution had its own unique features:
- Its preamble reiterated the objective of the Revolution.
- The government was a Supreme Council composed of a President,
Vice-President, Secretary of Interior, Foreign Relations, War
and Treasury.
- The official Language is Tagalog.
- The judiciary power was vested in another Supreme Council of
Justice
- Article XXII to XXV were the Bill of Rights accorded to every
Filipino.
This Constitution was to last only for two years.
2. The Malolos Republic Constitution 1899
- Following the defeat of Spain by the US in the Spanish-American
War in 1898, the Filipino began their task of creating the
independent nation.
- On June 12, 1898 Philippine independence was declared and two
weeks later Aguinaldo ordered the convening of a Congress in
Malolos, Bulacan.
- The Malolos Congress had its inaugural session at Barasoain
Church in Malolos on September 15, 1898. The delegates then
convened Congress and elected its officers. One of its first acts
was to ratify the Independence declaration in Kawit.
- The Congress was originally conceived by presidential adviser
Apolinario Mabini to be an advisory body to the President. But
another group led by delegate Pedro Paterno decided to create a
constitution to form a government that would be recognized by
foreign powers. Mabini was against this for he believed that
peaceful conditions should first prevail before a constitution
should be drafted. He was, however overruled By Paterno and his
allies.
- Discussions for the Constitution began on October 25 after the
submission of a draft by Felipe Calderon. One of the heated
discussions focused on the issue of the union of Church and State
were Catholicism would be the state religion.
- The constitution was approved by the Malolos Congress on November
29, 1898 and forwarded to President Aguinaldo for approval. The
amendments were made and the document was finally approved on
January 21.
The Malolos Constitution was the first republican constitution on
Asia. Its main features were as follows:
3. - It was based on democratic traditions in which the government
formed was “popular, representative and responsible” with three
distinct branches the executive, legislative and judicial.
- It called for a presidential form of government with the
president elected for a term of four years by a majority of the
Assembly convened as a constituent assembly
- It recognized the freedom of religion and the separation of the
Church and State
- It emphasized and safeguarded the basic civil rights of not only
Filipinos but foreigners through a Bill of Rights Articles XIX to
XXIII
3. The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
- The Americans ran the government in the Philippines with
Filipinos given a role in the legislative function when the
Philippine Assembly was established in 1907.
- During the administration of Governor-General Francis Burton
Harrison 1913-1921 Filipinos were given a hand in running the
country.
- Jones Law of 1916 also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act was
passed by the US Congress.
- The Jones Law reorganized the government with an American
governor-general a Cabinet, and an all-Filipino legislature
composed of the State and the House of Representatives. The new
Philippine Legislature was inaugurated on October 16, 1916 with
Sergio Osmeña as House Speaker and Manuel Quezon as Senate
President.
- From 1918 to 1932 there were at least five Philippine
independence missions to the United States. The efforts paid off
with the creation and approval of the Tydings-McDuffie Law by the
US Congress. This law approved on March 24, 1934 and was known as
the Philippine Independence Act.
- 10 year transitional period government before the granting of
independence. This was known as the Commonwealth Government.
- On July 10,, 1934 an election was held to vote for the delegates
to write a constitution for the Philippines.
- January 31, 1935 the draft of the Constitution was finished and
was approved by the convention on February 8.
- The Constitution was approved by US President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt on March 23, 1935 and ratified by the Filipino people
in a plebiscite on May 14, 1935.
- The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines served as the
fundamental law of the land from 1935 to 1972. It established the
Commonwealth of the Philippines and provides that upon withdrawal
of American sovereignty in the country and the declaration of
4. Philippine independence, the Commonwealth shall be known as the
Republic of the Philippines.
4. The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic 1943
Constitution
- The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the Second World
War and the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines
- The Commonwealth under President Manuel Quezon went into exile in
the United States.
- As part of their policy of attraction in their Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere program, the Japanese offered to grant the
Philippines its independence.
- Acting on the orders of the Japanese military, the Kapisanan ng
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas or kilabapi, a Filipino
political party that served as the political party during the
Japanese Occupation convened and elected a Philippine Commission
for Philippine Independence (PCPI) to write new constitution.
- October 14, 1943 as provided for in the new constitution the
Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as
President
- The 1943 Constitution was basically a condensed version of the
1935 Constitution consisting only of a preamble and 12 articles.
5. The 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
- On June 1, 1971 a Constitutional Convention was convened at the
Manila Hotel Its purpose was to write a new constitution that
would meet the new challenges confronting the Philippine Republic
that developed since it was formed in 1946. It was during the
second term of President Ferdinand Marcos that the convention
opened.
- The convention became controversial by the First quarter Storm
deteriorated with student rallies and other protest rocking the
metropolis. The biggest scandal came when Leyte delegate Eduardo
Quintero accused Marcos for bribing delegates to vote for a
provision to extend the presidential term of office and to change
the form of government.
- The convention’s activities soon came to a temporary halt when
President Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972. He
abolished Congress and reorganized the government. Several days
later, the convention was reconvened and a draft constitution was
finally finished and approved on November 30
- The plebiscite was held from January 10-15, 1972 and the
constitution was approved.
- On January 17, 1973 the President Marcos signed Proclamation No.
1102 declaring the 1973 Constitution ratified.
5. - The 1973 Constitution provided for a parliamentary form of
government in which the President was the symbolic head of state
and the Prime Minister was the head of government. The Prime
Minister, who was nominated by the President acted as head of the
Cabinet.
- Legislative power was vested in the Batasang Pambansa. The
constitution also provided for the establishment of the Civil
Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the
Commission on Audit.
- In 1981 amendments were made to the 1973 Constitution and the
President was restored from a symbolic head of state to its
original status as the head of state and chief executive of the
country.
6. The Freedom Constitution 1986
- March 24, 1986 President Aquino signed Proclamation No. 3
entitled “Declaring a National Policy to Implement the Reforms
Mandated by the People, Protecting their Basic Rights, Adopting a
Provisional Constitution and Providing for an Orderly Transition
to a Government under New Constitution”
- The provisional constitution later called the “Freedom
Constitution” was proclaimed setting aside the 1973 Constitution
thereby recognizing the new Aquino administration as a temporary
revolutionary government until the framing of a new constitution.
7. The 1987 Constitution
- By the virtue of Sec.1 Article 5 of the Freedom Constitution,
President Aquino issued on April 23, 1986 Proclamation No. 9,
constituting a Constitutional Commission CONCOM charged with
drafting a new constitution not later than September 2, 1986.
- On June 2 the ConCom headed by former Justice Cecilia Muñoz
Palma, commenced its sessions at the Batasang Pambansa in Quezon
City. The ConCom completed their task on October 12, 1986 and
presented the draft constitution to President Aquino on October
15.
- After a period of nationwide information campaign, a plebiscite
for its ratification was held on February 2, 1987. An
overwhelming 17,059,495 voted to ratify the constitution while
5,058,714 voted against it.
- On February 11, 1987 the New Constitution was proclaimed ratified
and in effect.
The 1987 Constitution consist of 18 articles with a preamble. Among
its significant provisions are as follows.
- A presidential system of government restores a bicameral Congress
of the Philippines, composed of a Senate and House of
Representatives.
6. - A modified Bill of Rights Article III details the rights of every
Filipino citizen. In addition, the constitution includes the
abolition of death penalty, except when Congress provides
otherwise with regard to heinous crimes
- The creation of a Commission on Human Rights which under Section
18, Article XIII is tasked to investigate all forms of human
rights violations involving civil and political rights.
- The recognition of an Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao and
the Cordilleras.
- Limited political autonomy for local government units like the
provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays and instructing
the Congress to established a Local Government Code.
The Complete provisions are as follows:
PREAMBLE
ARTICLE I NATIONAL TERRITORY
ARTICLE II DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS
ARTICLE IV CITIZENSHIP
ARTICLE V SUFFRAGE
ARTICLE VI LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
ARTICLE VII EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
ARTICLE VIII JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
ARTICLE IX CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
ARTICLE X LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ARTICLE XI ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
ARTICLE XII NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY
ARTICLE XIII SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
ARTICLE XIV EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND
SPORTS
ARTICLE XV THE FAMILY
ARTICLE XVI GENERAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE XVII AMENDMENTS OR REVISIONS
ARTICLE XVIII TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty
God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote
the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and
democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate
this Constitution.
7. Three branches of government:
1. Executive headed by the President and
Cabinet
2. Legislative composed of the Senate
headed by the Senate President and
House of Representatives headed by the
Speaker of the House
3. Judiciary composed of the Supreme Court
headed by the Chief Justice and the
lower courts