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Value and selection of play
This document discusses play and play therapy. It notes that play is universal for children and essential for their growth and development. Play therapy uses play as a child's natural means of expression. The document outlines the importance of play for physical, intellectual, emotional and moral development. It describes different types of play including solitary, parallel, associative and cooperative play. Guidelines are provided for selecting safe and appropriate toys for play therapy. Suggested toys are listed.
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Value and selection of play
- 1. Introduction • Play isuniversal for all children. • It is work for the and ways of their living. • It pleasurable and enjoyable aspect of child’s life and essential to promote growth and development. • Play is the activity that has no serious motive and from which there is no material gain. 1R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS
- 2. • Play isthe work and language of children.– Lev Vygotsky • DEFINITION "PlayTherapy is based upon the fact that play is the childs natural medium of self- expression.
- 3. Importance of play •Physical development • Intellectual and educational development • Emotional development • Moral development 3R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS
- 4. Type of Play RDhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS 4
- 5. According to Parentand Newhall (1943) R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS 5 • In unoccupied play • Onlooker play • Solitary independent play •Parallel play •In associative play •Co-operative play
- 6. Onlooker play: Watchother children play No interest in participation Solitary play: Play alone with different toys used by other children Enjoys others presence but no effort to speak or get close Parallel play: Children play independently with toys as that of other children No group association Characteristic play of toddlers
- 7. Associative play: Playtogether & engaged in similar activities Never directs others action or establishes rules No group goal, one child initiates an activity & others follow Co-operative play: Organised & they play in groups Set goals & try to attain it Organisation of activities, division of labour & playing roles Leader follower relationship is established
- 8. Selection and careof play materials R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS 8 • Selection of play materials and toys depends upon age, abilities, interest, like and dislike, cultural, experience, personality and level of intelligence of the child.
- 9. Play Therapy Room Universityof North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/
- 10. Guidelines for SelectingToys Toys should: • Allow for exploration of real life experiences including cultural values, traditions and roles. • Facilitate contact with the child by gaining the child's interest and attention • Permit reality testing/limit setting • Provide the opportunity for development of self-control • Facilitate exploration of the self and others • Allow children to express their needs symbolically (without any need for verbalization) • Provide for expression of a wide range of feelings • Provide opportunities for insight/self-understanding • Allow for creative expression • Toys should also be durable, simple, and easy to operate, allow for success & are fun Reminder: Toys should be selected, not collected University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/
- 11. Suggested Toys Doll furniture(sturdy wood) • Gumby (bendable nondescript figure) • Doll bed, clothes, etc. • Bendable doll family • Dolls • Pacifier • Nursing bottle (plastic) • Chalkboard, chalk • Refrigerator (wood) • Dishes (plastic or tin) • Pitcher • Plastic food • Egg cartons • Broom, dustpan • Crayons, pencils, paper • Toy watch • Paints, easel, newsprint, brushes • Lone Ranger type mask • Tongue depressors, popsicle sticks • Truck, car, airplane, tractor, boat • Pounding bench and hammer • Cymbals • Toy soldiers and army equipment • Sandbox, large spoon, funnel, sieve, pail • Rubber snake, alligator • Multicolored chalk, eraser • Stove (wood) • Pans, silverware • Dishpan • Empty fruit and vegetable cans, etc. • Band-aids • Sponge, towel • Soap, brush, comb • Transparent tape • Building blocks (diff. shapes and sizes) • Play-Doh or clay • Pipe cleaners • ATV (multi-wheel vehicle for riding on) • School bus (Fisher Price type) • Xylophone • Drum • Fireman's hat, other hats • Zoo animals, farm animals • Bop bag (Bobo) • Handcuffs • Toy noise making gun • Telephone (two) • Construction paper (several colors) • Rags or old towels • Tinker toys • Tissue • Rubber Knife • Dart gun • Balls (large and small) • Medical kit • Blunt scissors • Play money and cash register • Hand puppets (doctor, nurse, etc.) • Rope • Purse and jewelry Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge.
- 12. The play materialsshould have the following characteristics- R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS 12 • Safe, washable, light weight, simple, durable, easy to handle and non- breakable. • Realistic, attractive, constructive and offer problem- solving opportunities. • No sharp edges and no small removable parts which may be swallowed or inhaled.
- 13. Cont…The play materialsshould have the following characteristics- R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS13 • Not over stimulating and frustrating • No toxic paints, not costly, not inflammable and not excessive noisy. • Play things with electrical plugs should be avoided, only children over 8 years of age should be permitted to use them.
- 14. Children must betaught the following- R Dhaker, Lecturer, PCNMS14 • Correct use of toys. Parents should explain the directions for use and the causation labels. • Safe storing of toys in a space with easy reach and away from busy areas. • Keeping the playthings in good conditions. Parents should repair or discard damaged and broken toys.