This document summarizes common behavioral disorders in children. It describes disorders such as habit disorders including head banging, thumb sucking and nail biting. It also discusses emotional disorders including temper tantrums, breath holding spells and school phobia. Eating disorders like pica are also outlined. The document provides details on the characteristics, causes and management approaches for each of these behavioral disorders commonly seen in children.
Temper tantrums are unpleasant, disruptive behaviors or emotional
outbursts. They often occur in response to unfulfilled needs or desires.
Tantrums are more likely to occur in younger children or those who
cannot express their needs or control their feelings when they are
frustrated.
Play therapy is a method of meeting and responding to the mental health needs of children and is extensively acknowledged by experts as an effective and suitable intervention in dealing with children’s brain development.
Temper tantrums are unpleasant, disruptive behaviors or emotional
outbursts. They often occur in response to unfulfilled needs or desires.
Tantrums are more likely to occur in younger children or those who
cannot express their needs or control their feelings when they are
frustrated.
Play therapy is a method of meeting and responding to the mental health needs of children and is extensively acknowledged by experts as an effective and suitable intervention in dealing with children’s brain development.
When it comes to good positions to use while breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost concern. Finding a position that you are most comfortable and happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on to your breasts and feed with ease. Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
When it comes to good positions to use while breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost concern. Finding a position that you are most comfortable and happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on to your breasts and feed with ease. Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
this ppt is used for presentation in public flora as well as for doctors.this is not for commercial purpose. it is only for educating.if any unwarranted mistakes are present please forgive me
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , ...Manisha Thakur
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AGE AND NATURE: INFANCY , TODDLERS , ADOLESCENCE: SPEECH DISORDERS: SOMNAMBULISM, SOMNILOQUY. EATING DISORDERS: ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA. MOVEMENT DISORDERS: TICS. SPEECH DISORDERS: STUTTERING, CLUTTERING, STAMMERING. DISORDERS OF TOILET TRAINING: ENURESIS, ECOPRESIS. DISORDERS OF HABIT: TEMPER TANTRUM, BREATH HOLDING SPELLS, THUMB SUCKING, NAIL BITING. ADHD, SCHOOL PHOBIA, STRANGER ANXIETY.
Behavioral Management Technique For Patient With Special Needs DrGhadooRa
done by : ( ABCD'S &G )
alaa ba-jafar
abrar alshahranii
sahab filfilan
nada alharbi
shahd rajab
Ghadeer suwaimil
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. • A young person is said to have a behaviour disorder when he or she
demonstrates behavior that is noticeably different from that
expected in the school or community
• A child who is not doing what adults want him to do at a particular
time.
.
5. Rhythmic hitting of the head against a solid surface often the crib mattress.
– In 5-20% of children during infancy & toddler years
– Benign & self-limiting
– Can result in callus formation, abrasions, contusions
1. Head Banging
Treatment:
• Assurance – significant injury unlikely
• Teach parents to ignore as concern and punishment can reinforce it.
• Padding
6. 2. Finger (Thumb) sucking & Nail Biting
• Adverse Effects
– Malocclusion – open bite
– Mastication difficulty
– Speech difficulty ( D and T )
– Lisping
• Sensory solace for child (“internal stroking”) to
cope with stressful situation in infants and
toddlers.
• Reinforced by attention from parents.
• Predisposing factors:
Developmental delay
Neglect
8. • Reassure parents that it’s
transient.
• Improve parental attention /
nurturing.
• Teach parent to ignore; and give
more attention to positive aspects
of child’s behavior.
• Provide child praise / reward for
substitute behaviors.
• Bitter salves, thumb
splints, gloves may be used to
reduce thumb sucking.
Management
• Most give up
by 2 yrs
• If continued
beyond 4 yrs –
number of
squelae
• If resumed at
7 – 8 yrs : sign
of Stress
9. SOLUTION TYPE HOW IT WORKS EXAMPLES HOW IT FAILS
Behvioural Depends on child‟s
willingness to stop
Rewards &
punishments,
stories
Child loses control
when sleeping or
in subconscious
state
Aversive Use of pain or
discomfort to
discourage the
habit
Applying foul
tasting liquids
Creates more
stress and pain to
child / can even
worsen…
Mechanical Mechanical
impediments to the
process
Bandages around
elbows, socks over
the fingers, fabric
gloves, etc
Restrict
movements, can
be removed, not
hygienic
T Guards Remove the
pleasure
associated by
eliminating suction
Thumb guards,
finger guards
Can not remove,
hygienic, do not
restrict movement,
95% success rate
Treatment Options:
11. … sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movement or
vocalization involving discrete muscle groups
3. TICS
Tics
12 to 20% children,
peak age 5 -7 yr.
Motor Tics
or
Phonetic Tics
More common in boys
than in girls
Increase when stressed,
anxious, fatigued, or bored
Can occur in
any body part
Decrease when focused
12. Simple Tics:
• Grimacing
• Yawning
• Grunting
• Sighing
• Blinking
• Wrinkling
• Scratching nose
• Head jerking
• Throat clearing
Tics : Common types
• Jumping
• Spinning
• Touching objects or people
• Echopraxia: Repeating other‟s actions
• Copropraxia: Obscene gestures
• Palilalia: Repeating one‟s own words
• Echolalia: Repeating what someone else said
• Coprolalia: Obscene, inappropriate
words
Complex Tics:
13. Tics : management
• Medication to help control the
symptoms and
• Habit reversal training (HRT): a
behavioral therapy
• The child and adolescent
psychiatrist can also advise the
family about how to provide
emotional support and the
appropriate educational
environment for the youngster.
Formulations in the Management
contd..
• haloperidol,
• pimozide,
• clonidine,
• nifedipine are use in low doses.
• risperidone,
• olazapine
• mecamylamine,
• tetrabenazine,
• Benzodiazepines
• baclofen,
• botulinum toxin
15. Temper Tantrums
• In 18 months to 3 yr olds due to
development of sense of
autonomy.
• Child displays defiance,
negativism / oppositionalism by
having temper tantrums.
• Normal part of child
development.
• Gets reinforced when parents
respond to it by punitive anger.
• Child wrongly learns that
temper tantrums are a
reasonable response to
frustration.
• Precipitating factor:
• Hunger
• Fatigue
• Lack of sleep
• Innate personality of
child
• Ineffective parental skills
• Over pampering
• Dysfunctional family /
Family violence
• School aversion
16. Management
In general, parents advised to:
• Set a good example to child
• Pay attention to child
• Spend quality time
• Have open communication with
child
• Have consistency in behavior
During temper tantrum:
• Parents to ignore child and
once child is calm, tell child that
such behavior is not acceptable
• Verbal reprimand should not be
abusive
• Never beat or threaten child
• Impose “Time Out” - if
temper tantrum is disruptive,
out of control and occurring in
public place.
17. Evening Colic
• Intermittent episodes of
abdominal pain and severe
crying in normal infants
• Begins at 1-2 wks age and
persists till 3-4 mo.
• Crying usually in late afternoon
or evening
DEFINITION:
Infant cries for >3 hours/day
>3 days/ week
>3 weeks
Attack:
• Begins suddenly with a loud cry
• Crying continuous – lasts for
several hours – mostly in the
late afternoon or evenings
• Face becomes red and legs
drawn up on the abdomen
• Abdomen becomes tense
• Attack terminates after
exhaustion or after passage of
flatus or feces
18. Management
During Episode
• Hold the child erect or prone
• Avoid drugs
• No much role to antispasmodics, carminatives, simethicone, sup
positories or enemas
Counseling - Coping with the parents
• Reassure the parents that infant is not sick
• They need to soothe more with repetitive sound and stimulate less
with decrease in picking up and feeding with every cry
20. Management – General:
• No treatment is usually needed
• Iron supplements to children with iron deficiency
During a spell :
• Make sure your child is in a safe place where he or she will not fall or
be hurt.
• Place a cold cloth on your child's forehead during a spell to help
shorten the episode.
• After the spell, try to be calm.
• Avoid giving too much attention to the child, as this can reinforce the
behaviors that led to the event.
• Avoid situations that cause a child's temper tantrums
21. School Phobia
• Approximately 1 to 5% of school-
aged children have school refusal
• Most common in 5- and 6-year olds
and in 10- and 11-
• year olds
• School refusal differs from truancy
• (refusal is because of fear or anxiety
about school)
What can parents do?
• Have a physician examine the child
to determine if he or she has a
legitimate illness.
• Listen to the child talk about school
to detect any clues as to why he or
she does not want to go.
• Talk to the child's teacher, school
psychologist, and/or school
counselor to share concerns.
• Together determine a possible
cause or causes
• Develop an appropriate plan of
action
The goal is to have the child return to
school and attend class daily
However, if the school phobia is
extreme, a therapist or psychiatrist's
assistance may be necessary.
23. Pica
Repeated or chronic
ingestion of
• non-nutritive
substances.
– Examples:
• mud, paint, clay, plaster,
char
• coal, soil.
• Normal in infants and
toddlers.
• Passing phase.
24. • Pica after 2nd yr of life needs
investigation
• Predisposing factors :
• Parental neglect
• Poor supervision
• Mental retardation
• Lack of affection Psychological
neglect, (orphans)
• Family disorganization
• Lower socioeconomic class
• Autism
Screening indicated for:
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Worm infestations
• Lead poisoning
• Family dysfunction
• Treat cause accordingly.
• Usually remits in childhood but
can continue into adolescence
26. Stuttering / Stammering
• Defect speech
• Stumbling and spasmodic
repetition of some syllables with
pauses
• Difficulty in pronouncing
consonants
• Caused by spasm of lingual and
palatal muscles
• Usually begins between 2 – 5 yrs
• Reminding and ridiculing aggravate
• Child loses self confidence and
become more hesitant
• They can often sing or recite
poems without stuttering
Management
• Parents should be reassured
• They should not show undue
concern and accept his speech
without pressurizing him to repeat
• Children should be given emotional
support
• Older children with secondary
stuttering should be referred to
speech therapist
28. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
• Easily angered, annoyed or irritated
• Frequent temper tantrums
• Argues frequently with adults, particularly the most
familiar adults in their lives, such as parents
• Refuses to obey rules
• Seems to deliberately try to annoy or aggravate
others
• Low self-esteem
• Low frustration threshold
• Seeks to blame others for any misfortunes or
misdeeds.
29. Conduct Disorders
• Frequent refusal to obey parents or other authority figures
• Repeated truancy
• Tendency to use drugs, including cigarettes and
alcohol, at a very early age
• Lack of empathy for others
• Aggressive to animals and other people or showing
sadistic behaviours including bullying and physical or
sexual abuse
• Keenness to start physical fights & Using weapons
• Frequent lying
• Criminal behaviour such as stealing, deliberately lighting
fires, breaking into houses and vandalism
• A tendency to run away from home
• Suicidal tendencies – rarely.
30. Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)
1. Inattention – difficulty concentrating, forgetting
instructions, moving from one task to another without
completing anything.
2. Impulsivity – talking over the top of others, having a
„short fuse‟, being accident-prone.
3. Overactivity – constant restlessness and fidgeting.
Around two to five per cent of children are thought to have
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
with boys outnumbering girls by three to one.