Introduction to command line tools for *NIX (UNIX (like OS X and Solaris/SunOS), BSD, & GNU/Linux) environments. I made this presentation originally for the LUG@UCF when I was an undergrad but still contains valid information. Hope you find it useful.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux file management commands like cp, mv, rm, mkdir and touch. It discusses using cp to copy files and directories, mv to move and rename files, rm to remove files and directories, mkdir to create directories and touch to update file timestamps. It also covers using find to search for files based on criteria like name, size, permissions and timestamps.
This document provides an overview of common UNIX commands for navigating directories, listing files, editing text, searching for files and strings, compressing files, and more. It describes commands like ls, cd, pwd, vi, grep, find, tar, gzip and man for viewing manual pages. It also explains concepts like pipes, redirection, environment variables and basics of the awk command for text manipulation.
The document provides information about designing hard disk layouts in Linux systems. It discusses partitioning schemes and the use of extended partitions to allow for more than 4 primary partitions. It also covers creating filesystems and swap spaces on partitions using tools like mkfs, mkswap, and mke2fs. Mount points are explained as directories where partitions can be mounted to make their contents accessible in the file system hierarchy.
This document provides an overview of Debian package management tools and utilities. It discusses using dpkg to install, remove, get information on, and manage packages. It also covers using dselect which provides a character-based graphical interface to manage packages from various sources like CDROM, NFS, hard disk, FTP etc. Key tools covered include dpkg, dselect, apt-get, and utilities like dpkg-reconfigure, apt-cache.
BITS: Introduction to Linux - Text manipulation tools for bioinformaticsBITS
The document provides an introduction to using the Linux command line for bioinformatics tasks. It covers navigating the file system, manipulating files and directories, input/output redirection, piping commands together, and commonly used text processing tools. The goal is to help users easily use command line tools, automate repetitive tasks, and parse/summarize text-based outputs.
This document provides information about scheduling jobs in UNIX/Linux systems. It discusses using the cron daemon to schedule jobs to run periodically based on time and date settings. It also covers using the at command to schedule single jobs to run once at a specific time. The crontab file format and common cron directories are described. It outlines how to list, delete, and manage scheduled jobs, and how user access to job scheduling is configured through cron access control files.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux file management commands like cp, mv, rm, mkdir and touch. It discusses using cp to copy files and directories, mv to move and rename files, rm to remove files and directories, mkdir to create directories and touch to update file timestamps. It also covers using find to search for files based on criteria like name, size, permissions and timestamps.
This document provides an overview of common UNIX commands for navigating directories, listing files, editing text, searching for files and strings, compressing files, and more. It describes commands like ls, cd, pwd, vi, grep, find, tar, gzip and man for viewing manual pages. It also explains concepts like pipes, redirection, environment variables and basics of the awk command for text manipulation.
The document provides information about designing hard disk layouts in Linux systems. It discusses partitioning schemes and the use of extended partitions to allow for more than 4 primary partitions. It also covers creating filesystems and swap spaces on partitions using tools like mkfs, mkswap, and mke2fs. Mount points are explained as directories where partitions can be mounted to make their contents accessible in the file system hierarchy.
This document provides an overview of Debian package management tools and utilities. It discusses using dpkg to install, remove, get information on, and manage packages. It also covers using dselect which provides a character-based graphical interface to manage packages from various sources like CDROM, NFS, hard disk, FTP etc. Key tools covered include dpkg, dselect, apt-get, and utilities like dpkg-reconfigure, apt-cache.
BITS: Introduction to Linux - Text manipulation tools for bioinformaticsBITS
The document provides an introduction to using the Linux command line for bioinformatics tasks. It covers navigating the file system, manipulating files and directories, input/output redirection, piping commands together, and commonly used text processing tools. The goal is to help users easily use command line tools, automate repetitive tasks, and parse/summarize text-based outputs.
This document provides information about scheduling jobs in UNIX/Linux systems. It discusses using the cron daemon to schedule jobs to run periodically based on time and date settings. It also covers using the at command to schedule single jobs to run once at a specific time. The crontab file format and common cron directories are described. It outlines how to list, delete, and manage scheduled jobs, and how user access to job scheduling is configured through cron access control files.
This document discusses compression utilities like compress, gzip, and bzip2, which reduce file sizes using different algorithms. It also covers various system backup utilities like tar, cpio, and dump/restore that are used to copy files and directories to an archive. Tar is one of the most common backup utilities and can create compressed archives, while cpio has additional features like backing up device files. The dump/restore utility is designed to backup entire filesystems incrementally or in full backups.
The document provides instructions for various UNIX commands. It begins by listing commands for working with files like ls, more, emacs, mv, cp, rm, diff, and chmod. It also covers file compression with gzip and gunzip, printing files with lpr, and working with directories using mkdir, cd, and pwd. Additional commands covered find files using ff and grep, send messages with write, and email with elm. The document concludes with commands for managing processes like ps and kill, checking disk usage with du and quota, and viewing login history with last.
Linux is an open source operating system initially created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It has since grown significantly with hundreds of companies and individuals developing their own versions based on the Linux kernel. The kernel is developed under the GNU GPL license and its source code is freely available. Basic Linux commands allow users to navigate directories, manage files and permissions, transfer files, and get system information. More advanced commands provide additional control and functionality.
Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has grown tremendously in popularity and usage. It is now widely used for servers, desktop computers, and other devices. There are over 300 distributions of Linux, with different applications and configurations. Linux powers much of the infrastructure of the modern internet and is a key competitor to proprietary operating systems.
The structure of Linux - Introduction to Linux for bioinformaticsBITS
This 3th slide deck of the training 'Introduction to linux for bioinformatics' gives a broad overview of the file system structure of linux. We very gently introducte the command line in this presentation.
This document provides an overview of important concepts for browsing the Linux filesystem, including directory structure, navigation, file manipulation and the Nautilus graphical file browser. It describes key directories like /home, /bin and their purposes. It also covers commands for listing, copying, moving and removing files and directories, changing directories and determining file types.
The document provides a cheat sheet for basic Unix commands. It summarizes commands for listing directories, changing directories, making directories, removing directories, copying and moving files, deleting files, downloading and uploading files, viewing files, editing files, finding files, setting permissions, and more. It also provides examples of aliases and scripts that can be created in Unix.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, cp, grep, kill, tar, ssh, mount, and more. It also lists resources for learning Linux commands like man pages, books, and the internet.
Course 102: Lecture 3: Basic Concepts And Commands Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture covers the basic file management commands
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Connecting to a Linux system involves opening a terminal which displays the current directory, host, and shell prompt. The shell interprets commands and communicates with the Linux kernel. Common shells include bash, csh, korn, and tcsh. Basic commands like ls list files, cd changes directories, and man provides command help. File permissions control user, group, and world access to read, write, or execute files. Pipes allow output from one command to serve as input to another.
Unix is a multi-user networked operating system that handles files, runs programs, and handles input/output. It is designed for server use and networking is intrinsic. Each user has their own settings and permissions, and multiple users can be logged in simultaneously. The document then provides information about accessing Unix servers from Windows and using basic commands like ls, cd, mkdir and rm to navigate directories and manage files.
The document discusses tools for finding and processing files in Linux. It covers the locate command, which searches a prebuilt database, and examples of its usage. It also covers the find command, which searches file hierarchies in real-time, and examples of using find with criteria like names, permissions, sizes, timestamps and executing commands on matched files.
The document discusses several Linux commands for compressing and archiving files, including gzip, bzip2, tar, compress, zip, and unzip. Gzip and bzip2 can compress individual files into .gz and .bz2 formats respectively, with bzip2 typically providing better compression than gzip at the cost of speed. The tar command is used to archive multiple files together into a single tar file, which can then be compressed further using gzip or bzip2. Compress, zip, and unzip allow compressing and extracting files in additional formats.
Linux uses files to store most object types, including programs and data. There are three main categories of tools for managing file structures: archive tools like tar, which can create and extract file archives; compression tools like gzip, which reduce file sizes; and synchronization tools like rsync, which synchronize directories locally or remotely. Tar is commonly used to create and extract file archives, gzip compresses files using Lempel-Ziv algorithm, and rsync synchronizes files and directories after initial transfer.
Tar is used to archive and compress files and directories in Linux. It can be installed using yum or apt-get depending on the distribution. Tar creates archives with options like c for create and z for gzip compression. The split and cat commands can be used to split large tar files into parts and combine them. Sed is used for text editing and search/replace tasks in files. The useradd and group commands are used for user and group management like creating, modifying, and deleting users and groups.
This document provides summaries of Linux commands for file handling, text processing, system administration, and other tasks. It lists commands for making directories, listing directory contents, changing directories, printing the current working directory, editing files, copying/moving files, removing files, viewing command history, concatenating/printing files, displaying text, searching files, sorting files, changing file permissions and owners, changing user IDs, viewing logged-on users, managing processes, estimating file usage, archiving/compressing files, remote login, rebooting, and powering off the system. Each command is accompanied by a brief description and usage example.
Course 102: Lecture 24: Archiving and Compression of Files Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture discusses the different commands and utilities used for archiving and compression of files and directories in Linux
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6ZQ6PJyy28
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This document discusses compression utilities like compress, gzip, and bzip2, which reduce file sizes using different algorithms. It also covers various system backup utilities like tar, cpio, and dump/restore that are used to copy files and directories to an archive. Tar is one of the most common backup utilities and can create compressed archives, while cpio has additional features like backing up device files. The dump/restore utility is designed to backup entire filesystems incrementally or in full backups.
The document provides instructions for various UNIX commands. It begins by listing commands for working with files like ls, more, emacs, mv, cp, rm, diff, and chmod. It also covers file compression with gzip and gunzip, printing files with lpr, and working with directories using mkdir, cd, and pwd. Additional commands covered find files using ff and grep, send messages with write, and email with elm. The document concludes with commands for managing processes like ps and kill, checking disk usage with du and quota, and viewing login history with last.
Linux is an open source operating system initially created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It has since grown significantly with hundreds of companies and individuals developing their own versions based on the Linux kernel. The kernel is developed under the GNU GPL license and its source code is freely available. Basic Linux commands allow users to navigate directories, manage files and permissions, transfer files, and get system information. More advanced commands provide additional control and functionality.
Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has grown tremendously in popularity and usage. It is now widely used for servers, desktop computers, and other devices. There are over 300 distributions of Linux, with different applications and configurations. Linux powers much of the infrastructure of the modern internet and is a key competitor to proprietary operating systems.
The structure of Linux - Introduction to Linux for bioinformaticsBITS
This 3th slide deck of the training 'Introduction to linux for bioinformatics' gives a broad overview of the file system structure of linux. We very gently introducte the command line in this presentation.
This document provides an overview of important concepts for browsing the Linux filesystem, including directory structure, navigation, file manipulation and the Nautilus graphical file browser. It describes key directories like /home, /bin and their purposes. It also covers commands for listing, copying, moving and removing files and directories, changing directories and determining file types.
The document provides a cheat sheet for basic Unix commands. It summarizes commands for listing directories, changing directories, making directories, removing directories, copying and moving files, deleting files, downloading and uploading files, viewing files, editing files, finding files, setting permissions, and more. It also provides examples of aliases and scripts that can be created in Unix.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, cp, grep, kill, tar, ssh, mount, and more. It also lists resources for learning Linux commands like man pages, books, and the internet.
Course 102: Lecture 3: Basic Concepts And Commands Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture covers the basic file management commands
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Connecting to a Linux system involves opening a terminal which displays the current directory, host, and shell prompt. The shell interprets commands and communicates with the Linux kernel. Common shells include bash, csh, korn, and tcsh. Basic commands like ls list files, cd changes directories, and man provides command help. File permissions control user, group, and world access to read, write, or execute files. Pipes allow output from one command to serve as input to another.
Unix is a multi-user networked operating system that handles files, runs programs, and handles input/output. It is designed for server use and networking is intrinsic. Each user has their own settings and permissions, and multiple users can be logged in simultaneously. The document then provides information about accessing Unix servers from Windows and using basic commands like ls, cd, mkdir and rm to navigate directories and manage files.
The document discusses tools for finding and processing files in Linux. It covers the locate command, which searches a prebuilt database, and examples of its usage. It also covers the find command, which searches file hierarchies in real-time, and examples of using find with criteria like names, permissions, sizes, timestamps and executing commands on matched files.
The document discusses several Linux commands for compressing and archiving files, including gzip, bzip2, tar, compress, zip, and unzip. Gzip and bzip2 can compress individual files into .gz and .bz2 formats respectively, with bzip2 typically providing better compression than gzip at the cost of speed. The tar command is used to archive multiple files together into a single tar file, which can then be compressed further using gzip or bzip2. Compress, zip, and unzip allow compressing and extracting files in additional formats.
Linux uses files to store most object types, including programs and data. There are three main categories of tools for managing file structures: archive tools like tar, which can create and extract file archives; compression tools like gzip, which reduce file sizes; and synchronization tools like rsync, which synchronize directories locally or remotely. Tar is commonly used to create and extract file archives, gzip compresses files using Lempel-Ziv algorithm, and rsync synchronizes files and directories after initial transfer.
Tar is used to archive and compress files and directories in Linux. It can be installed using yum or apt-get depending on the distribution. Tar creates archives with options like c for create and z for gzip compression. The split and cat commands can be used to split large tar files into parts and combine them. Sed is used for text editing and search/replace tasks in files. The useradd and group commands are used for user and group management like creating, modifying, and deleting users and groups.
This document provides summaries of Linux commands for file handling, text processing, system administration, and other tasks. It lists commands for making directories, listing directory contents, changing directories, printing the current working directory, editing files, copying/moving files, removing files, viewing command history, concatenating/printing files, displaying text, searching files, sorting files, changing file permissions and owners, changing user IDs, viewing logged-on users, managing processes, estimating file usage, archiving/compressing files, remote login, rebooting, and powering off the system. Each command is accompanied by a brief description and usage example.
Course 102: Lecture 24: Archiving and Compression of Files Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture discusses the different commands and utilities used for archiving and compression of files and directories in Linux
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6ZQ6PJyy28
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Weekof feb17thcollaborativeplanning6thgradeKatie K
This document outlines the sixth grade social studies mastery objectives and lesson plans for the week of February 17th. On Monday there is no school. On Tuesday, students will complete a graphic organizer to justify how the Roman Republic provided for the common good. On Wednesday, students will complete a peer review of graphic organizers to evaluate evidence and reasoning. On Thursday, students will justify how the Roman Republic provided for the common good using evidence and reasoning. Friday will focus on whether Caesar did the right thing by taking control and the transition from Republic to Empire.
Lori Beth Blum-Fagien has over 30 years of experience in the music and publishing industries. She founded JAZZIZ Magazine in 1983 and grew it into the leading jazz publication through innovative marketing strategies. After successfully running JAZZIZ for 20 years, she launched other projects including a record label, jazz club, and wellness marketing consultancy. She continues working in publishing, music, and healthcare industries.
Buku ini membahas tentang penelitian tindakan kelas sebagai usaha kolaboratif antar guru untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran melalui refleksi dan inkuiri. Setiap siklus penelitian tindakan meliputi identifikasi masalah, perencanaan strategi, implementasi, dan evaluasi keberhasilan strategi. Guru melakukan penelitian tindakan untuk mengatasi masalah pembelajaran, menyelesaikan masalah sendiri, dan merefleksikan praktik men
The document discusses how certain Midwestern states like Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Alaska are leading the recovery in the housing market. These states have economies more dependent on industries like energy, manufacturing, and agriculture which have fared better during the recession. Their home prices did not increase as much during the housing boom. Data shows that non-distressed home sales in North Dakota have risen since 2006, while Iowa and Wyoming have reached about 70% of 2006 levels. Oklahoma and Nebraska saw the biggest price increases per square foot for non-distressed homes. The housing market remains weaker nationally but is recovering faster in these smaller Midwestern states.
\\Moladmdc2\Home$\Olssonj\My Documents\University\Ict & Pedagogy\Learning...Jenny Olsson
Learning Management System Presentation By Sammantha Stockley & Jenny Olsson.
A Learning Management System (LMS) is an online tool that can be used for administration, documentation, tracking, and reporting of training programs and e-learning. It performs learner registration, tracks their progress, records test scores and course completions, and allows educators to assess learner performance. The LMS integrates technology and meets the needs of both learners and educators. Popular LMS platforms include Blackboard, Moodle, and Desire 2 Learn.
M2M Presentation at Telecom Council of Silicon ValleyDaniel Kellmereit
The document discusses the promise and challenges of M2M technology and its application across various industries. It notes that while M2M leads to improvements in productivity, efficiency and transparency, its adoption has been slowed by challenges like regulation, cost, technology maturity and fragmented solutions. However, drivers like falling hardware costs, ubiquitous network access and the rise of cloud computing are fueling more widespread adoption. Key growth areas are expected to be intelligent buildings, telematics and healthcare. The document advocates for standardization while also noting carriers should actively partner to develop platforms and solutions.
This document discusses self-healing systems. It defines self-healing systems as systems that can understand when they are not operating correctly and restore themselves without human intervention. The document then discusses autonomic computing, which aims to create computer environments that can automatically detect and adjust to issues. Key elements of autonomic computing systems are described, including the autonomic control loop of collecting information, analyzing it, planning a response, and acting. The document also outlines characteristics of autonomic computing and categories related to self-healing systems like fault models, system responses, system completeness, and design context. Security implications of self-healing systems are also mentioned.
1) Incubation has experienced a renaissance since the dot-com crash, with the number of incubators growing since 2001.
2) Silicon Valley remains the largest startup ecosystem, followed by New York and London, based on factors like funding, founder experience, mentor availability, and startup success rates.
3) Incubators add value in the early stages of a startup's lifecycle by providing resources like mentoring, networking, and small amounts of seed funding to help startups prepare for launch.
This document provides an overview of basic Unix commands including ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, rm, rmdir, cp, find, touch, echo, cat, who, and du. It explains what each command is used for and provides examples of common usages. The document serves as a beginner's guide to learning Unix commands.
Linux uses a hierarchical file system structure with directories like /bin, /sbin, /etc to organize binaries, configuration files, and other resources. Users can navigate this structure using commands like cd, ls, and pwd. Files can be viewed, copied, moved, deleted and have their permissions and attributes modified using commands like cat, cp, mv, rm, chmod and chown. Output from commands can be redirected, piped to other commands, or used for command substitution. The find command allows searching for files.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management and viewing. It describes commands for navigating directories (cd), changing file permissions (chmod), copying files (cp), finding files (find), listing directory contents (ls), creating and removing directories (mkdir, rmdir), moving and renaming files (mv), viewing file contents (cat, head, tail), comparing files (cmp, diff), searching files (grep), and more. It also covers commands for compressing, archiving, and backing up files like tar, gzip, zip, and commands for counting, sorting, and filtering file contents.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management, viewing and shell programming. It describes common commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir which allow navigating and manipulating files and directories. It also covers commands for viewing file contents like cat, head, tail, grep. Commands for compression like tar, gzip, zip and decompression like gunzip, unzip are mentioned. The document also has a section on shell programming which explains how to write shell scripts using commands and variables. It provides examples of using pipes, redirections and command options.
This document discusses managing the Linux file system. It describes the Linux file system structure, including the main directories like /bin, /home, /etc. It also covers common file system tasks like navigating directories, managing files and directories by creating, deleting, copying and moving files. Additional topics covered include managing disk partitions by creating partitions with fdisk and formatting partitions with file systems using mkfs, mounting partitions, and checking file systems with fsck.
This document provides an overview of common Linux software and how to install additional software. It discusses the major desktop environments GNOME and KDE and default applications like Firefox, Thunderbird, and OpenOffice. It describes the file structure with directories like home, bin, etc. It also outlines several methods for installing software, including via package managers, downloading binaries or source code. The key difference between Linux and Windows is that Linux has a different file structure and installation process which can cause culture shock for new users.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux is an open-source operating system that provides a structured file system, multi-user capabilities, and strong security. It describes the Linux file structure with directories like /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, and explains commands to view processes, manage users and files, and install packages. Network services like Apache web server, OpenSSH, and FTP are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of directories and listing files in Linux. It discusses the Linux filesystem structure, with files containing data and directories used for organization. It describes how to navigate directories using commands like cd, pwd, and ls, and explains absolute vs. relative paths. Special relative paths like . and .. are also covered. The document contains exercises related to these topics.
1. The document describes common Linux commands like ls, pwd, mkdir, cd, rmdir, cp, mv, rm, touch, cat, echo, clear.
2. It provides the syntax and examples of using each command, such as ls to list files, pwd to print the current working directory, and mkdir to create directories.
3. The practical sections demonstrate how to use ls with options to sort listings, navigate and list the home directory, move files between directories, sort files by size, and print the current working directory.
This document provides examples and descriptions of basic Linux commands including cat, cd, cp, dd, df, less, ln, locate, ls, more, mv, pwd, shutdown, and whereis. It explains how to view file contents, change directories, copy files, show disk usage, page through files, create symbolic links, find files, list files, move/rename files, show the current working directory, shut down the system, and locate command files.
In many ways, directories are treated like files. They can be created, deleted, moved and copied from Nautilus or from a shell prompt, using commands similar to those for files.
Creating Directories
You must have write permissions in a directory in order to create a new sub-directory. Most users have these permissions in their home directory (and its sub-directories) and the /tmp/ directory.
To create a new directory with Nautilus, navigate to the location of your new directory. Right-click in a blank portion of the window and select Create Folder. A new folder icon appears with the highlighted text untitled folder. Type a name for your folder and press [Enter].
To create a new directory using a shell prompt, use the command mkdir. Enter: mkdir <directory-name>, replacing <directory-name> with the intended title of the new directory.
Deleting Directories
To delete a directory from Nautilus, right click on it and choose Move to Trash, or click and drag the icon to the Trash on the Desktop.
To delete an empty directory from a shell prompt, enter the command rmdir. To delete a directory that may not be empty (and consequently everything inside that directory), enter the command rm -rf <directory>. Refer to Section 4.5.5 Delete files with rm for more information regarding the rm command.
Dot Directories
Applications create "dot" directories as well as dot files. Dot files are a single hidden configuration file — a dot directory is a hidden directory of configuration and other files required by the application. The non-configuration files in these directories are generally user-specific, and will be available only to the user who installed them.
Linux is an open-source operating system used widely for servers and can also be installed on desktops and embedded devices. It uses a modular kernel called Linux and source code is freely available under licenses like GPL. Common Linux distributions include Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu and others. The Apache web server is widely used open-source software that helped popularize the World Wide Web and can be configured using directives in configuration files.
This document provides an overview of the Unix operating system and some basic Unix commands. It discusses the kernel and shell architecture of Unix, the multi-user and multi-process capabilities, file and directory structures including important directories like /bin, /home, and /var. It also summarizes common commands for navigating directories, viewing files, copying/moving files, and managing permissions and processes. The document is intended to help users get started with basic Unix concepts and commands.
This document provides an overview of shell scripting. It begins with an agenda that covers introducing UNIX/Linux and shell, basic shell scripting structure, shell programming with variables, operators, and logic structures. It then gives examples of shell scripting applications in research computing and concludes with hands-on exercises. The document discusses the history and architecture of UNIX/Linux, commonly used shells like bash and csh, and why shell scripting is useful for tasks like preparing input files, job monitoring, and output processing. It also covers basic UNIX commands, commenting in scripts, and debugging strategies.
This document provides an introduction to Linux command basics and top 50 commands. It discusses important commands like pwd, ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, lsblk, mount, df, ps, kill, touch, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln and more. It also covers users and groups, file ownership and permissions. Lab exercises are included to practice using commands like mkdir, chmod, chown and displaying directory contents. Finally, it discusses useful filter commands like grep, uniq and sort as well as the text manipulation command awk.
This document provides an overview of the Linux file system. It describes the four types of items that can be stored in a Linux file system: ordinary files, directory files, device files, and links. It then discusses the typical directory structure, with directories like /bin, /home, and /usr. The rest of the document outlines important commands for directory and file handling, such as ls, cd, cp, and rm. It also covers making hard and soft links, specifying multiple filenames, setting file permissions, and finding/sorting files.
The document provides an introduction to Linux file systems and navigation, basic Linux commands, and users and groups. It describes:
1) The Linux file system uses a tree structure with root ("/") at the bottom and directories like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /lib, /opt, /proc, /sbin, /tmp, /usr, and /var.
2) Basic Linux commands include ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, mount, df, ps, kill, touch, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, which, echo, sort, man, tar, printenv, sleep, vi/vim
This document provides a tutorial on Unix/Linux. It begins with an overview of the Unix system including the kernel, shell, multi-user and multi-process capabilities, and important directory structures. It then covers basic commands, relative and absolute paths, redirecting and piping output, permissions, process management, installing software, text editors, running jobs in the foreground and background, and remote login/file transfer. The goal is to introduce fundamental Unix concepts and commands to new users.
The document provides an introduction to Linux commands and lists the top 50 commands. It includes brief descriptions of common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, ps, kill, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, grep, sed and more. It then provides a lab exercise with 17 steps to practice basic file navigation and directory creation/deletion using these commands.
The document provides an overview of common Linux commands, including:
- cd to change directories
- ls to list directory contents
- mkdir to create directories
- pwd to print the working directory
- rm to remove files
- rmdir to remove directories
- cp to copy files
- find to locate files
- more and less to view file contents
- vi as a basic text editor
- ps to view running processes
- kill to terminate processes
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
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In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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2. Why?
Efficiency
No trying to find where an option is on a gui.
Speed
Barely any graphics -> little overhead.
Ease of Use
Generally simple one line commands
Scriptable
If you do have a sequence of commands to do
you can place them in a script.
Power
Those one line commands can perform multiple tasks.
Flexibility
The abiliy to use multiple commands together.
The ability to combine switches/options.
3. Finding Help
Man pages
man <programName>
GNU Info
info <programName>
/usr/share/doc
cd /usr/share/doc/<programName>
--help or -help
<programName> --help OR <programName> -help
help
When inside bash, just type help to see a list of bash topics bash can help you
on.
Note: All of these options are not available with every program.
4. Moving Around
Change Directory
Directly
cd </path/to/a/directory>/starting/from/the/root/directory>
Example:
Let’s say that you’re currently in
/usr/share/doc/vim and you want to go into
/usr/share/doc/w3m
Then you would issue:
cd /usr/share/doc/w3m
Relatively
cd <nameOfAdirectoryInYourCurrentDirectory>
cd ../<nameOfAdirectoryInYourParent’sDirectory>
Example:
Let’s say that you’re currently in
/usr/share/doc/vim and you want to go into
/usr/share/doc/w3m
Then you would issue:
cd ../w3m
5. Usefull symbols
/
Your root directory if positioned at the beginning of a path.
A directory dividor if placed after the beginning of a path.
.
Your current directory
..
Your parent directory
~
Your home directory
pwd
A command that shows you the value of your current working directory
-
A symbol that stands for your previous working directory
Example:
If you wanted to go to your previous working directory you would issue:
cd -
6. Viewing Files
ls (list)
-l
long listing (lists file permissions, owernship, size, date, time, & name )
-h
list the filesizes in human readable format (MB, KB, etc...)
Must be used in conjunction with "-s" or "-l"
-t
list according to last accessed time (date)
-i
list the inode values
List hidden files
ls -d .*
List hidden directories
ls -d .*/
List directory files recursively (WARNING: List may be very long)
ls -R
7. File Information
file
Gives the true identity of a file.
This can be very usefull since in *NIX most files don’t need extentions.
Note: Some programs (like gcc) will only work correctly on files with a specific
extention.
stat
Gives a good amount of information on a file including the last acces, modified,
and changed time.
Example: stat .bashrc
Note: See man 2 stat(Programmer man section) for the differences in modified
(mtime) and changed times (ctime)
8. Executable Program information
type
It tells you if the passed in program name is an alias, function, builtin command,
reserved word, disk file, or not found.
ldd
This program tells you all the shared libraries that a program uses when it’s
executed.
Note: If a library does not show up in the output, and you know that you just
recently installed it, you probably should run ldconfig to have the computer
configure your installed shared libraries.
9. Wildcards
*
Lists 0 or more matching characters.
?
List 0 or 1 matching characters.
Globbing []
Example:
List all files beginning with the word bob and ending with a digit.
ls bob*[0-9]
ls bob*[0123456789]
Note: Globbing does not work with the first dot in hidden files.
Reference:
http://www.faqs.org/docs/abs/HTML/globbingref.html
10. Change File Permissions (chmod) Part 1
4
Read only access (r)
2
Write only access (w)
1
Exectable Only access (x)
0
No permission to do anything.
You add the first 3 numbers together to decide what permission
value you wish for a single set of permissions for a file.
There are 3 sets of these values for every file.
11. chmod Part 2
When you do an ls -l on a file you’ll see something like
-rwxr-x-w-
From left to right these sets are as follows:
1. Owner permissions
These are the permissions that dictate what the
owner can do to a file.
2. Group permissions
These are the permissions that dictate what everyone in the same group as the
owner, can do with a file.
3. World permissions
These are the settings that everyone else (that is not the owner of the file, and
is not in the same group as the owner of the file) can do with a file.
12. chmod - Part 3
Examples:
If you want only yourself to be able to read, write and execute a
file, but you want everyone in your group to only read and
execute the file, and everyone else to just execute the file, then
you’d set:
chmod 751 <file>
13. Change File Ownership (chown)
When you do an ls -l, after you see the permissions of a file you’ll
see the owner of the file followed by the group of the file.
If you wish to change either the "owner" or the "group" of the file",
you can do so by using chown.
Example1: Say you have a file that is owned by root, and has a
group of root. You wish to change the file’s ownership such that
user "bob" owns it, and that it belongs to the group "users".
chown bob:users <file>
14. Chown (Continued)
If you just want to change the group you would do:
chown :users <file>
Similarly if you just want to change the owner you would do:
chown bob <file>
Note: You might have to be su’d to root to perform some of these
operations.
15. Copying Files (cp)
To a different directory
cp <fileToCopy> </path/>
Example:
cp ~/.bashrc ~/DOCS/Defaults/
Note: In this example a DOCS/Defaults directory needs to exist in your home directory.
To another file
cp <fileToCopy> <copyOfOriginalFile>
Example:
cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc-orig
Note: If you do not have "cp -i" set up as an alias in your
configuration file, you may accidentally overrwite a prexisting file.
16. Moving Files (mv)
To a different directory
mv <fileToMove> </path/>
Example:
mv ~/DOCS/.bashrc ~/DOCS/Defaults
Note: In this example a DOCS/Defaults directory needs to exist in your home directory.
To another file (renaming)
mv <fileToRename> <renamedVerionOfOriginalFile>
Example:
mv ~/.bashrc-orig ~/.bashrc-March-3-2007
Note: If you do not have "mv -i" set up as an alias in your
configuration file, you may accidentally overrwite a prexisting file.
17. Deleting Files (USE WITH CAUTION!!)
rm (Remove)
Example: rm *~
This will delete all of your the temporary files (made by vim) in your current
directory.
Note: When you start out using the rm command it is generally
safe to put an alias "rm -i" into your shell’s configuration file. This
will prevent you from accidentally deleting a file forever. It is
insanely hard and at times nearly impossible to retrieve files once
they’ve been rm’d.
18. Making Directories
Make a new directory in your current directory
mkdir <nameOfNewDirectory>
This command creates any directories missing on the path to the
directory you wish to create.
It does not do anything to preexisting directories.
mkdir -p </path/to/a/new/dir/nameOfNewDirectory>
19. Deleting Directories
rmdir (Remove directory)
If you have an empty directory you want to delete you can use this.
Example: rmdir ~/testDir
If you have files in this directory it will tell you.
Note: If you want to delete a directory with files, you have to do:
rm -fr ~/testDir
-f //force
-r //recursively go through all subdirectories
20. Viewing Files
cat
cat ~/.bashrc
Pagers (more is less)
more
more ~/.bashrc
less
less ~/.bashrc
21. Background Processes
At times it’s usefull to put processes in the background so that you can continue to
work at the command line.
<command> &
Place the command into the background.
fg
Brings the last command you backgrounded into the foreground
jobs
Lists your backgrounded processes.
Note: If you have more than 1 process backgrounded, and you
wish to foreground a process other than the last process you
backgrounded, you can do so, by specifying the job number.
22. Finding files
locate
Locate keeps a database file on your computer which maintains the locate of
files on your computer.
In order to find something using locate you’d type:
locate <somePieceOfAFilename>
Example: locate vim
Note: If your computer doesn’t already, you should update your locate database
on a regular basis, to prevent locate searches from returning invalid or old/stale
information.
Updating your locate database:
1. su to root
2. updatedb &
Note: The & puts the process in the background.
If you wish to bring it back to the foreground
type fg
23. find
At time locate might not be able to find a file that you recently
created, if you haven’t already updated your database since
creating the file. Also locate at times doesn’t include certain
directories (like mounted directories ).
Hence we’d want to use find.
Say we want to find all files that begin with the word bob starting from our
current directory and including all subdirectories. We’d issue:
Example find . -iname "bob*"
-iname //case insensitive filename
.//current directory
24. which and whereis
which
This tells you the path of an executable file
Example: which ls
whereis
This will also tell you the path of an executable file, the location of
it’s man page, and the locations of it’s src file (if available).
Example: whereis ls
25. Finding text in files using grep
grep (GNU Regular Expression Parser)
If you want to find text in files than you want to use grep.
Example:
grep -ril ’default’ *
This will look at every normal file in your current directory and it’s subdirectories
for the string ’default’ in all of it’s possible cases.
-r //recursive
-i //case insensitive
-l //only list the filename - not the line of the file where the pattern was found.
26. Combining commands using |
How it works:
When two programs are separated by a pipe, the output of the first program
becomes the input of the second program.
Example:
ls and less
At times a directory listing can span multiple pages, in this case in order to go through the output without
paging up you’d:
ls|less
locate and grep
Say you want to find vim files on your computer
but only in /usr then you’d do something like:
locate vim|grep /usr
27. Becoming a different user
su
This allows you to be a different user. By default it allows you to become root.
Once you execute "su" you’ll need to enter that other users password. By
default you’ll have to enter root’s password.
Example:
su bob
su -
This will inherit the path of the user you’re becoming.
Example:
su - bob
28. Viewing processes
ps
Just view your own processes running in your shell.
ps aux
View all processes
top
View all processes
pgrep -lf <nameOfProcess>
Search the group of running processes for <nameOfProcess>
29. Stopping/killing processes
kill <pidOfAProcessYouWishToKill>
Example: kill 1501
-9 <pidOfAProcessYouWishToKill>
Example: kill -9 1501
killall <nameOfprocess>
Example:
killall firefox
pkill <nameOfprocess>
Example:
pkill firefox
pkill -9 firefox
Note: The -9 switch should only be used for obstinate processes
which just won’t stop running.
30. Finding information about your computer
/proc
This has a series of directories that contain various information on your system
including memory, what processes are running, etc...
dmesg
This is a very usefull tool to diagnose problems with devices on your system.
This is a standard unix tool, whereas /proc is being eliminated from the default
install for most *BSD OS’s.
lspci -v
This is a linux tool. It displays the device attached to your system (graphics
card, network controller, etc...)
Note: In order to see some information you have to be root.