The document provides a cheat sheet for basic Unix commands. It summarizes commands for listing directories, changing directories, making directories, removing directories, copying and moving files, deleting files, downloading and uploading files, viewing files, editing files, finding files, setting permissions, and more. It also provides examples of aliases and scripts that can be created in Unix.
This document provides an overview of common UNIX commands for navigating directories, listing files, editing text, searching for files and strings, compressing files, and more. It describes commands like ls, cd, pwd, vi, grep, find, tar, gzip and man for viewing manual pages. It also explains concepts like pipes, redirection, environment variables and basics of the awk command for text manipulation.
This lecture covers the use of wild cards in Linux commands, as well as escape sequences
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This document provides information about scheduling jobs in UNIX/Linux systems. It discusses using the cron daemon to schedule jobs to run periodically based on time and date settings. It also covers using the at command to schedule single jobs to run once at a specific time. The crontab file format and common cron directories are described. It outlines how to list, delete, and manage scheduled jobs, and how user access to job scheduling is configured through cron access control files.
Introduction to command line tools for *NIX (UNIX (like OS X and Solaris/SunOS), BSD, & GNU/Linux) environments. I made this presentation originally for the LUG@UCF when I was an undergrad but still contains valid information. Hope you find it useful.
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized into categories including file commands, system commands, file searching commands, file encryption and compression, process management, keyboard shortcuts, SSH, disk space, and package installation. It describes the basic functions of commands like ls, cd, grep, tar, find, kill, top, du, and packages management tools. The document aims to uncomplicate Linux commands for newcomers to the command line.
This document provides a summary of common Unix/Linux commands organized into categories including file commands, process management, file permissions, SSH, searching, system info, compression, network, installation, and shortcuts. It lists commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, cp, mv, tar, gzip, ping, whois, dig, and more along with brief descriptions and common arguments.
Per chi incomincia addentrarsi nel magico mondo dei comandi da terminale la vita può essere dura. In rete esistono diverse guide, ma la “Linux Bash Shell Cheat Sheet for Beginners” di Raphael è qualcosa che i principianti dovrebbero tenere a portata di mano. La segnaliamo un po’ perchè è molto semplice e chiara, e un po’ perchè è stata scritta da un sedicenne canadese. Personalmente è una cosa che mi fa piacere, perchè dimostra che anche i giovanissimi si accostano a linux nel modo migliore, ovvero “imparo e a mia volta diffondo”.
we need to have a good amount of basic or in-depth knowledge on Linux Basics. This will help one's job easy in resolving the issues and supporting the projects.
Are you a system admin or database admin? Or working on any other technology which is deployed or implemented on linux/UNIX machines? Then you should be good with Linux basic concepts and commands. We will cover this section very clearly.
This document provides an overview of common UNIX commands for navigating directories, listing files, editing text, searching for files and strings, compressing files, and more. It describes commands like ls, cd, pwd, vi, grep, find, tar, gzip and man for viewing manual pages. It also explains concepts like pipes, redirection, environment variables and basics of the awk command for text manipulation.
This lecture covers the use of wild cards in Linux commands, as well as escape sequences
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This document provides information about scheduling jobs in UNIX/Linux systems. It discusses using the cron daemon to schedule jobs to run periodically based on time and date settings. It also covers using the at command to schedule single jobs to run once at a specific time. The crontab file format and common cron directories are described. It outlines how to list, delete, and manage scheduled jobs, and how user access to job scheduling is configured through cron access control files.
Introduction to command line tools for *NIX (UNIX (like OS X and Solaris/SunOS), BSD, & GNU/Linux) environments. I made this presentation originally for the LUG@UCF when I was an undergrad but still contains valid information. Hope you find it useful.
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized into categories including file commands, system commands, file searching commands, file encryption and compression, process management, keyboard shortcuts, SSH, disk space, and package installation. It describes the basic functions of commands like ls, cd, grep, tar, find, kill, top, du, and packages management tools. The document aims to uncomplicate Linux commands for newcomers to the command line.
This document provides a summary of common Unix/Linux commands organized into categories including file commands, process management, file permissions, SSH, searching, system info, compression, network, installation, and shortcuts. It lists commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, cp, mv, tar, gzip, ping, whois, dig, and more along with brief descriptions and common arguments.
Per chi incomincia addentrarsi nel magico mondo dei comandi da terminale la vita può essere dura. In rete esistono diverse guide, ma la “Linux Bash Shell Cheat Sheet for Beginners” di Raphael è qualcosa che i principianti dovrebbero tenere a portata di mano. La segnaliamo un po’ perchè è molto semplice e chiara, e un po’ perchè è stata scritta da un sedicenne canadese. Personalmente è una cosa che mi fa piacere, perchè dimostra che anche i giovanissimi si accostano a linux nel modo migliore, ovvero “imparo e a mia volta diffondo”.
we need to have a good amount of basic or in-depth knowledge on Linux Basics. This will help one's job easy in resolving the issues and supporting the projects.
Are you a system admin or database admin? Or working on any other technology which is deployed or implemented on linux/UNIX machines? Then you should be good with Linux basic concepts and commands. We will cover this section very clearly.
Summary of UNIX commands used in the BTI Plant Bioinformatics Course in 2014. It includes a description of these common commands and some useful options.
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized by category including file permissions, networking, compression/archives, package installation, searching, login, file transfer, disk usage, directory traversal, system information, hardware information, users, file commands, and process related commands. It also includes brief descriptions and examples of commands like chmod, chown, ip, tar, rpm, grep, ssh, df, du, and kill. More detailed information on Linux commands can be found at the provided URL.
This document provides a reference for various Unix/Linux commands and their uses. It lists commands for directory navigation and file manipulation, process management, file permissions, networking, compression, system information, searching, and more. Descriptions are provided for common commands like ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, cat, more, head, tail, touch, rm, cp, mv, ln, ps, top, kill, ping, whois, dig, tar, gzip, date, cal, uptime, grep, locate, and find.
This document provides an overview of important concepts for browsing the Linux filesystem, including directory structure, navigation, file manipulation and the Nautilus graphical file browser. It describes key directories like /home, /bin and their purposes. It also covers commands for listing, copying, moving and removing files and directories, changing directories and determining file types.
The document describes various Linux commands for displaying system information, manipulating files and directories, and filtering data. It provides examples of commands like date, cal, who, ls, cat, cp, mv, rm, pwd and others along with descriptions and sample outputs. Cut, paste, sort commands are described for filtering specific fields from files based on delimiters.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections:
1. General purpose utilities such as date, echo, printf, calculator applications
2. Linux file system structure and commands for viewing file attributes, permissions, ownership
3. Commands for file handling, concatenation, pagination and comparing files
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with a dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx notation; and variables can be assigned text for repeated use.
This document provides information on configuring the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS server. It describes DNS and how resource records are organized hierarchically with domains and subdomains separated by periods. The document outlines the files needed to configure BIND, including the name.conf, zone files, and loopback file. It explains the directory structure for non-chrooted and chrooted configurations and provides troubleshooting commands.
This document provides a summary of Linux/Unix commands organized into categories including file handling, system information, networking, process management, installation, editors, and advanced filters. It lists common commands like ls, cp, grep, ifconfig, kill, apt-get install, and vi along with brief descriptions of their functions. Advanced examples are given for commands like sed, awk, and regular expressions to manipulate text within files.
This document provides cheat sheets for common UNIX commands, listing the command name, a short description, example usage, and explanation for each command. Some key commands covered include ls to list files, cd to change directories, mkdir to create directories, rm and rmdir to remove files and directories, cp to copy files, mv to move files, pwd to print the working directory, and more. The cheat sheets provide a quick reference for common UNIX commands and their options.
This document provides a summary of useful Linux commands for starting and stopping the system, accessing and mounting file systems, finding files and text, moving, copying, deleting, and viewing files, installing software, user administration, and the X Window System. It lists commands such as shutdown, halt, reboot, mount, umount, find, locate, updatedb, which, grep, ls, rpm, tar, adduser, passwd, su, and exit along with brief explanations of their functions.
When you are new to Linux in 2020, go for the latest Mint or Fedora. If you only want to practice the Linux command line then install one Debian server and/or one CentOS server
(without graphical interface).
This document provides summaries of Linux commands for file handling, text processing, system administration, and other tasks. It lists commands for making directories, listing directory contents, changing directories, printing the current working directory, editing files, copying/moving files, removing files, viewing command history, concatenating/printing files, displaying text, searching files, sorting files, changing file permissions and owners, changing user IDs, viewing logged-on users, managing processes, estimating file usage, archiving/compressing files, remote login, rebooting, and powering off the system. Each command is accompanied by a brief description and usage example.
The document provides an introduction to basic UNIX commands written by Razor on January 15, 2000 for new UNIX users. It includes commands for working with files and permissions, such as cp and mv to copy and move files, cd to change directories, pwd to show the current directory, mkdir to create directories, and rm to delete files and directories. The first part focuses on commands for copying, moving, changing directories, viewing the current directory, creating directories, and deleting files and directories.
The document discusses tools for finding and processing files in Linux. It covers the locate command, which searches a prebuilt database, and examples of its usage. It also covers the find command, which searches file hierarchies in real-time, and examples of using find with criteria like names, permissions, sizes, timestamps and executing commands on matched files.
P2Cinfotech is one of the leading, Online IT Training facilities and Job Consultant, spread all over the world. We have successfully conducted online classes on various Software Technologies that are currently in Demand. To name a few, we provide quality online training for QA, QTP, Manual Testing, HP LoadRunner, BA, Java Technologies.
Unique Features of P2Cinfotech:
1. All online software Training Batches will Be handled by Real time working Professionals only.
2. Live online training like Real time face to face, Instructor ? student interaction.
3. Good online training virtual class room environment.
4. Special Exercises and Assignments to make you self-confident on your course subject.
5. Interactive Sessions to update students with latest Developments on the particular course.
6. Flexible Batch Timings and proper timetable.
7. Affordable, decent and Flexible fee structure.
8. Extended Technical assistance even after completion of the course.
9. 100% Job Assistance and Guidance.
Courses What we cover:
Quality Assurance
Business Analsis
QTp
JAVA
Apps Devlepoment Training
Register for Free DEMO:
www.p2cinfotech.com p2cinfotech@gmail.com +1-732-546-3607 (USA)
This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands including ls, date, pwd, cd, touch, mkdir, cat, head, tail, cp, mv, man, rm, who, w, df, du, uptime, hostname, echo, history, clear, su, and exit. It explains what each command is used for and provides examples of basic syntax.
This document provides commands for basic file management and system utilities in Linux/Unix systems. It includes commands for listing, moving, copying, deleting and changing permissions of files and directories. It also includes commands for editing files, finding files, archiving files, printing files, managing processes, debugging programs, I/O redirection and setting environment variables.
The document discusses database security for MySQL databases. It covers types of security threats to databases like server compromise, data theft, and denial of service. It then discusses best practices for securing the database server location, installation, configuration, user accounts, and operations. Specific topics covered include choosing a secure MySQL version, restricting network access to the database, using secure remote administration techniques, and optimizing database types and permissions.
This document summarizes the server.xml file that describes how to start the Tomcat Server. It outlines the main elements in the server.xml file including <Server>, <Service>, <Connector>, <Engine>, <Host>, and <Context>. Each element and its attributes are described, such as the <Connector> element representing the endpoint that receives and responds to client requests, with attributes like port and protocol. An example server.xml file structure is also provided.
Summary of UNIX commands used in the BTI Plant Bioinformatics Course in 2014. It includes a description of these common commands and some useful options.
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized by category including file permissions, networking, compression/archives, package installation, searching, login, file transfer, disk usage, directory traversal, system information, hardware information, users, file commands, and process related commands. It also includes brief descriptions and examples of commands like chmod, chown, ip, tar, rpm, grep, ssh, df, du, and kill. More detailed information on Linux commands can be found at the provided URL.
This document provides a reference for various Unix/Linux commands and their uses. It lists commands for directory navigation and file manipulation, process management, file permissions, networking, compression, system information, searching, and more. Descriptions are provided for common commands like ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, cat, more, head, tail, touch, rm, cp, mv, ln, ps, top, kill, ping, whois, dig, tar, gzip, date, cal, uptime, grep, locate, and find.
This document provides an overview of important concepts for browsing the Linux filesystem, including directory structure, navigation, file manipulation and the Nautilus graphical file browser. It describes key directories like /home, /bin and their purposes. It also covers commands for listing, copying, moving and removing files and directories, changing directories and determining file types.
The document describes various Linux commands for displaying system information, manipulating files and directories, and filtering data. It provides examples of commands like date, cal, who, ls, cat, cp, mv, rm, pwd and others along with descriptions and sample outputs. Cut, paste, sort commands are described for filtering specific fields from files based on delimiters.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections:
1. General purpose utilities such as date, echo, printf, calculator applications
2. Linux file system structure and commands for viewing file attributes, permissions, ownership
3. Commands for file handling, concatenation, pagination and comparing files
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with a dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx notation; and variables can be assigned text for repeated use.
This document provides information on configuring the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS server. It describes DNS and how resource records are organized hierarchically with domains and subdomains separated by periods. The document outlines the files needed to configure BIND, including the name.conf, zone files, and loopback file. It explains the directory structure for non-chrooted and chrooted configurations and provides troubleshooting commands.
This document provides a summary of Linux/Unix commands organized into categories including file handling, system information, networking, process management, installation, editors, and advanced filters. It lists common commands like ls, cp, grep, ifconfig, kill, apt-get install, and vi along with brief descriptions of their functions. Advanced examples are given for commands like sed, awk, and regular expressions to manipulate text within files.
This document provides cheat sheets for common UNIX commands, listing the command name, a short description, example usage, and explanation for each command. Some key commands covered include ls to list files, cd to change directories, mkdir to create directories, rm and rmdir to remove files and directories, cp to copy files, mv to move files, pwd to print the working directory, and more. The cheat sheets provide a quick reference for common UNIX commands and their options.
This document provides a summary of useful Linux commands for starting and stopping the system, accessing and mounting file systems, finding files and text, moving, copying, deleting, and viewing files, installing software, user administration, and the X Window System. It lists commands such as shutdown, halt, reboot, mount, umount, find, locate, updatedb, which, grep, ls, rpm, tar, adduser, passwd, su, and exit along with brief explanations of their functions.
When you are new to Linux in 2020, go for the latest Mint or Fedora. If you only want to practice the Linux command line then install one Debian server and/or one CentOS server
(without graphical interface).
This document provides summaries of Linux commands for file handling, text processing, system administration, and other tasks. It lists commands for making directories, listing directory contents, changing directories, printing the current working directory, editing files, copying/moving files, removing files, viewing command history, concatenating/printing files, displaying text, searching files, sorting files, changing file permissions and owners, changing user IDs, viewing logged-on users, managing processes, estimating file usage, archiving/compressing files, remote login, rebooting, and powering off the system. Each command is accompanied by a brief description and usage example.
The document provides an introduction to basic UNIX commands written by Razor on January 15, 2000 for new UNIX users. It includes commands for working with files and permissions, such as cp and mv to copy and move files, cd to change directories, pwd to show the current directory, mkdir to create directories, and rm to delete files and directories. The first part focuses on commands for copying, moving, changing directories, viewing the current directory, creating directories, and deleting files and directories.
The document discusses tools for finding and processing files in Linux. It covers the locate command, which searches a prebuilt database, and examples of its usage. It also covers the find command, which searches file hierarchies in real-time, and examples of using find with criteria like names, permissions, sizes, timestamps and executing commands on matched files.
P2Cinfotech is one of the leading, Online IT Training facilities and Job Consultant, spread all over the world. We have successfully conducted online classes on various Software Technologies that are currently in Demand. To name a few, we provide quality online training for QA, QTP, Manual Testing, HP LoadRunner, BA, Java Technologies.
Unique Features of P2Cinfotech:
1. All online software Training Batches will Be handled by Real time working Professionals only.
2. Live online training like Real time face to face, Instructor ? student interaction.
3. Good online training virtual class room environment.
4. Special Exercises and Assignments to make you self-confident on your course subject.
5. Interactive Sessions to update students with latest Developments on the particular course.
6. Flexible Batch Timings and proper timetable.
7. Affordable, decent and Flexible fee structure.
8. Extended Technical assistance even after completion of the course.
9. 100% Job Assistance and Guidance.
Courses What we cover:
Quality Assurance
Business Analsis
QTp
JAVA
Apps Devlepoment Training
Register for Free DEMO:
www.p2cinfotech.com p2cinfotech@gmail.com +1-732-546-3607 (USA)
This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands including ls, date, pwd, cd, touch, mkdir, cat, head, tail, cp, mv, man, rm, who, w, df, du, uptime, hostname, echo, history, clear, su, and exit. It explains what each command is used for and provides examples of basic syntax.
This document provides commands for basic file management and system utilities in Linux/Unix systems. It includes commands for listing, moving, copying, deleting and changing permissions of files and directories. It also includes commands for editing files, finding files, archiving files, printing files, managing processes, debugging programs, I/O redirection and setting environment variables.
The document discusses database security for MySQL databases. It covers types of security threats to databases like server compromise, data theft, and denial of service. It then discusses best practices for securing the database server location, installation, configuration, user accounts, and operations. Specific topics covered include choosing a secure MySQL version, restricting network access to the database, using secure remote administration techniques, and optimizing database types and permissions.
This document summarizes the server.xml file that describes how to start the Tomcat Server. It outlines the main elements in the server.xml file including <Server>, <Service>, <Connector>, <Engine>, <Host>, and <Context>. Each element and its attributes are described, such as the <Connector> element representing the endpoint that receives and responds to client requests, with attributes like port and protocol. An example server.xml file structure is also provided.
This document provides a summary of Linux system administration files and commands. It lists important configuration files such as /etc/passwd for user accounts, /etc/group for groups, and /etc/fstab for mounted filesystems. It also outlines commands for common system tasks like user management, networking, printing, and sendmail configuration.
This document provides a quick reference for Linux system calls. It lists 51 system calls along with their function number, name, description, and source code location in the Linux kernel. System calls provide an interface for programs to request services from the Linux kernel, such as opening files, reading/writing files, creating processes, and more. They are invoked using the syscall() function or libc wrapper functions.
Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and has grown tremendously in popularity and usage. It is now widely used for servers, desktop computers, and other devices. There are over 300 distributions of Linux, with different applications and configurations. Linux powers much of the infrastructure of the modern internet and is a key competitor to proprietary operating systems.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands, including man for accessing manual pages, ls for listing directory contents, mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for printing the working directory, and ~ for accessing the home directory. It also covers commands for copying, moving, removing files, clearing the screen, viewing file contents, searching within files, counting words, piping commands together, using wildcards, and changing file permissions with chmod. The document encourages learning through manual pages and understanding error messages.
This is a document useful for one who wants to learn the Basics of UNIX command.
Targeted for fresher to the industry and new learner of UNIX command for experienced professionals too.
Hope everyone will like it.
1. The document describes common Linux commands like ls, pwd, mkdir, cd, rmdir, cp, mv, rm, touch, cat, echo, clear.
2. It provides the syntax and examples of using each command, such as ls to list files, pwd to print the current working directory, and mkdir to create directories.
3. The practical sections demonstrate how to use ls with options to sort listings, navigate and list the home directory, move files between directories, sort files by size, and print the current working directory.
This Operating System lab manual is designed strictly according to BPUT Syllabus.Any suggestions or comments are well come at neelamani.samal@gmail.com
The document provides an overview of command line basics, including X Windows, consoles and terminals, UNIX commands, the UNIX filesystem, and the vi editor. It describes the anatomy of commands, getting help with man pages, basic account and file management commands, viewing and editing files, and installing applications. It emphasizes that the command line is always available and more efficient than GUIs.
This document provides examples and descriptions of basic Linux commands including cat, cd, cp, dd, df, less, ln, locate, ls, more, mv, pwd, shutdown, and whereis. It explains how to view file contents, change directories, copy files, show disk usage, page through files, create symbolic links, find files, list files, move/rename files, show the current working directory, shut down the system, and locate command files.
The document provides an overview of common Linux commands, including:
- cd to change directories
- ls to list directory contents
- mkdir to create directories
- pwd to print the working directory
- rm to remove files
- rmdir to remove directories
- cp to copy files
- find to locate files
- more and less to view file contents
- vi as a basic text editor
- ps to view running processes
- kill to terminate processes
Linux is an open source operating system initially created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It has since grown significantly with hundreds of companies and individuals developing their own versions based on the Linux kernel. The kernel is developed under the GNU GPL license and its source code is freely available. Basic Linux commands allow users to navigate directories, manage files and permissions, transfer files, and get system information. More advanced commands provide additional control and functionality.
The document provides information on various commands used to work with files and directories in Linux/Unix systems. It discusses the ls command for listing files and folders along with important options. It also covers the pwd command for printing the current working directory, and the tree command for listing directories in a tree format. Additionally, it discusses shell globbing patterns used for wildcard character matching of filenames. Symbolic links and various ways of creating new files in Linux are also summarized.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management and viewing. It describes commands for navigating directories (cd), changing file permissions (chmod), copying files (cp), finding files (find), listing directory contents (ls), creating and removing directories (mkdir, rmdir), moving and renaming files (mv), viewing file contents (cat, head, tail), comparing files (cmp, diff), searching files (grep), and more. It also covers commands for compressing, archiving, and backing up files like tar, gzip, zip, and commands for counting, sorting, and filtering file contents.
The document provides an overview of various Unix/Linux command line concepts across 5 chapters. It describes commands for listing files and directories (ls), creating directories (mkdir), changing directories (cd), viewing the current directory (pwd), copying, moving and removing files (cp, mv, rm), searching files (grep), viewing processes (ps), running jobs in background (&), managing jobs (jobs, fg, bg) and killing processes (kill). It also covers file permissions (chmod), symbolic and hard links (ln), input/output redirection (> ,|), piping (|) and getting help (man, whatis).
This document provides an overview of basic Unix commands including ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, rm, rmdir, cp, find, touch, echo, cat, who, and du. It explains what each command is used for and provides examples of common usages. The document serves as a beginner's guide to learning Unix commands.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management, viewing and shell programming. It describes common commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir which allow navigating and manipulating files and directories. It also covers commands for viewing file contents like cat, head, tail, grep. Commands for compression like tar, gzip, zip and decompression like gunzip, unzip are mentioned. The document also has a section on shell programming which explains how to write shell scripts using commands and variables. It provides examples of using pipes, redirections and command options.
Powerful and efficient tool leveraging UNIX commands for streamlined automation, enabling seamless execution of complex tasks and maximizing productivity.
The structure of Linux - Introduction to Linux for bioinformaticsBITS
This 3th slide deck of the training 'Introduction to linux for bioinformatics' gives a broad overview of the file system structure of linux. We very gently introducte the command line in this presentation.
The document provides an introduction to Linux file systems and navigation, basic Linux commands, and users and groups. It describes:
1) The Linux file system uses a tree structure with root ("/") at the bottom and directories like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /lib, /opt, /proc, /sbin, /tmp, /usr, and /var.
2) Basic Linux commands include ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, mount, df, ps, kill, touch, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, which, echo, sort, man, tar, printenv, sleep, vi/vim
This document provides an overview of how to use the UNIX operating system. It discusses logging in, the home directory, common commands like ls and cd, copying and deleting files, pipes, input/output redirection, shell variables, job control, and quoting special characters. The document is intended to help new UNIX users get started with basic file management and command line tasks.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix, designed for multi-user environments. The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like ls, mkdir, cd for navigating files and directories, as well as more advanced commands for manipulating files, checking system resources, and getting system information. It also lists and describes many common Linux commands and their functions.
Installation of Subversion on Ubuntu,...wensheng wei
The document provides instructions for installing Subversion on Ubuntu with Apache, SSL, and BasicAuth to allow hosting SVN repositories on a web server, including installing necessary packages, configuring Apache with a SSL certificate and virtual host, creating repositories under /var/svn, setting up authentication using htpasswd, and enabling WebDAV and SVN support in Apache.
Happiness is a journey, not a destination. The document discusses how people often tell themselves they will be happy once they achieve certain life goals or milestones, like getting married, having children, or retiring. However, challenges will always remain. True happiness is about finding contentment in the present moment and not waiting for the future to enjoy life. We must embrace each day as it comes and appreciate the time we have.
This document provides shortcuts and commands for Linux. It begins with essential shortcuts for switching between terminals and GUI screens. It then provides summaries of commands for getting system information, basic file operations, and networking. Examples are given for most commands.
This document provides a quick reference guide for Linux security that includes definitions of common security terms, general security tips, and Linux security resources. It defines terms like buffer overflow, cryptography, denial of service, and port scanning. It offers tips such as using automatic package managers to update software, configuring firewalls and intrusion detection, and enforcing strong password policies. The document also lists various security-related websites, books, and open source tools that can aid in hardening Linux systems.
The document describes a podcast called "Ubuntu UK Podcast" which is produced by members of the Ubuntu Linux community in the United Kingdom. The podcast aims to provide current information about Ubuntu Linux and free software to users around the world, covering all aspects from the command line to the latest GUI. As it is produced by the Ubuntu UK community, the podcast follows the Ubuntu Code of Conduct and is suitable for all ages.
This document provides a summary of common commands and configuration files used in Ubuntu systems for privileges, networking, display, package management, applications, services, and system recovery. It includes commands for sudo access, configuring networking and wireless settings, starting and stopping services, installing and removing packages, checking the system version, and rebooting the system through keyboard shortcuts. Configuration files like /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/X11/xorg.conf are also listed.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Treebeard's Unix Cheat Sheet
1. Treebeard's Unix Cheat Sheet
People who use Windows without DOS, or a Macintosh, or PPP without a terminal, or an ISP's
menu without the Unix prompt are at a disadvantage. Something is happening, and they don't
know what it is. I like to know what's really going on, so I've been learning some Unix.
The Net is a Unix place. I'm no wizard, but I'm comfortable with basic commands and occasionally
type "rm" at my DOS prompt instead of "del". This is my Unix cheat sheet, so I can remember.
Uppercase and lowercase matter. These commands (mostly) work with my C-shell account on
RAIN. Your account might be different, especially if your prompt ends with a "$" (Korn shell)
rather than a "%", so be cautious. When I need help, I reach for the books UNIX in a Nutshell
(O'Reilly) and Unix Unbound by Harley Hahn (Osborne/McGraw Hill, 1994).
This page won't look right without table support. Most of this is available in a text version.
Help on any Unix command. RTFM! Help on any Unix command.
RTFM! Help on any Unix command. RTFM!
man {command} Type man ls to read the manual for the ls command.
man {command} >
Redirect help to a file to download.
{filename}
whatis {command} Give short description of command. (Not on RAIN?)
Search for all Unix commands that match keyword, eg apropos
apropos {keyword}
file. (Not on RAIN?)
List a directory List a directory List a directory
It's ok to combine attributes, eg ls -laF gets a long listing of all
ls {path}
files with types.
ls {path_1}
List both {path_1} and {path_2}.
{path_2}
ls -l {path} Long listing, with date, size and permisions.
Show all files, including important .dot files that don't otherwise
ls -a {path}
show.
ls -F {path} Show type of each file. "/" = directory, "*" = executable.
ls -R {path} Recursive listing, with all subdirs.
ls {path} >
Redirect directory to a file.
{filename}
ls {path} | more Show listing one screen at a time.
dir {path} Useful alias for DOS people, or use with ncftp.
Change to directory Change to directory Change to directory
cd {dirname} There must be a space between.
cd ~ Go back to home directory, useful if you're lost.
cd .. Go back one directory.
cdup Useful alias, like "cd ..", or use with ncftp.
Make a new directory Make a new directory Make a new directory
mkdir {dirname}
Remove a directory Remove a directory Remove a directory
rmdir {dirname} Only works if {dirname} is empty.
2. rm -r {dirname} Remove all files and subdirs. Careful!
Print working directory Print working directory Print working
directory
Show where you are as full path. Useful if you're lost or
pwd
exploring.
Copy a file or directory Copy a file or directory Copy a file or
directory
cp {file1} {file2}
cp -r {dir1} {dir2} Recursive, copy directory and all subdirs.
cat {newfile} >>
Append newfile to end of oldfile.
{oldfile}
Move (or rename) a file Move (or rename) a file Move (or rename) a
file
mv {oldfile}
Moving a file and renaming it are the same thing.
{newfile}
mv {oldname}
{newname}
Delete a file Delete a file Delete a file
? and * wildcards work like DOS should. "?" is any character;
rm {filespec}
"*" is any string of characters.
Good strategy: first list a group to make sure it's what's you
ls {filespec}
think...
rm {filespec}
...then delete it all at once.
Download with
Download with zmodem (Use sx with xmodem.)
zmodem
-a = ascii, -b = binary. Use binary for everything. (It's the
sz [-a|b] {filename}
default?)
Handy after downloading with FTP. Go talk to your spouse while
sz *.zip
it does it's stuff.
Upload with zmodem Upload with zmodem (Use rx with xmodem.)
Give rz command in Unix, THEN start upload at home. Works
rz [-a|b] (filename}
fine with multiple files.
View a text file View a text file View a text file
more {filename} View file one screen at a time.
less {filename} Like more, with extra features.
cat {filename} View file, but it scrolls.
cat {filename} |
View file one screen at a time.
more
page {filename} Very handy with ncftp.
pico {filename} Use text editor and don't save.
Edit a text file. Edit a text file. Edit a text file.
The same editor PINE uses, so you already know it. vi and
pico {filename}
emacs are also available.
3. Create a text file. Create a text file. Create a text file.
Enter your text (multiple lines with enter are ok) and press
cat > {filename}
control-d to save.
pico {filename} Create some text and save it.
Compare two files Compare two files Compare two files
diff {file1} {file2} Show the differences.
sdiff {file1} {file2} Show files side by side.
Other text commands Other text commands Other text commands
grep '{pattern}'
Find regular expression in file.
{file}
sort {file1} >
Sort file1 and save as file2.
{file2}
sort -o {file} {file} Replace file with sorted version.
spell {file} Display misspelled words.
wc {file} Count words in file.
Find files on system Find files on system Find files on system
find {filespec} Works with wildcards. Handy for snooping.
find {filespec} >
Redirect find list to file. Can be big!
{filename}
Make an Alias Make an Alias Make an Alias
alias {name} Put the command in 'single quotes'. More useful in your .cshrc
'{command}' file.
Wildcards and Shortcuts Wildcards and Shortcuts Wildcards and
Shortcuts
Match any string of characters, eg page* gets page1, page10,
*
and page.txt.
Match any single character, eg page? gets page1 and page2,
?
but not page10.
Match any characters in a range, eg page[1-3] gets page1,
[...]
page2, and page3.
Short for your home directory, eg cd ~ will take you home, and
~
rm -r ~ will destroy it.
. The current directory.
.. One directory up the tree, eg ls ...
Pipes and Pipes and Redirection (You pipe a command to another
Redirection command, and redirect it to a file.)
{command} > {file} Redirect output to a file, eg ls > list.txt writes directory to file.
{command} >> Append output to an existing file, eg cat update >> archive
{file} adds update to end of archive.
{command} < {file} Get input from a file, eg sort < file.txt
{command} < Get input from file1, and write to file2, eg sort < old.txt >
{file1} > {file2} new.txt sorts old.txt and saves as new.txt.
{command} | Pipe one command to another, eg ls | more gets directory and
{command} sends it to more to show it one page at a time.
4. Permissions, important and tricky! Permissions, important and
tricky! Permissions, important and tricky!
Unix permissions concern who can read a file or directory, write to it, and execute
it. Permissions are granted or withheld with a magic 3-digit number. The three digits
correspond to the owner (you); the group (?); and the world (everyone else).
Unix permissions concern who can read a file or directory, write to it, and execute
it. Permissions are granted or withheld with a magic 3-digit number. The three digits
correspond to the owner (you); the group (?); and the world (everyone else).
Think of each digit as a sum:
6. Add the number value of the permissions you want to grant each group to make a
three digit number, one digit each for the owner, the group, and the world. Here are
some useful combinations. Try to figure them out! Add the number value of the
permissions you want to grant each group to make a three digit number, one digit
each for the owner, the group, and the world. Here are some useful combinations.
Try to figure them out!
chmod 600
You can read and write; the world can't. Good for files.
{filespec}
chmod 700 You can read, write, and execute; the world can't. Good for
{filespec} scripts.
chmod 644 You can read and write; the world can only read. Good for web
{filespec} pages.
You can read, write, and execute; the world can read and
chmod 755
execute. Good for programs you want to share, and your
{filespec}
public_html directory.
Permissions, another way Permissions, another way Permissions,
another way
You can also change file permissions with letters: You can also change file
permissions with letters:
u=
use
r
(yo
urs
elf)
g=
gro
up
a=
eve
ryo
ne
r=
rea
d
w
=
writ
e
x=
exe
cut
e
chmod u+rw {filespec}
7. Give yourself read and write permission
chmod u+x {filespec}
Give yourself execute permission.
chmod a+rw {filespec}
Give read and write permission to everyone.
Applications I use
finger {userid}
Find out what someone's up to.
gopher
Gopher.
irc
IRC, but not available on RAIN.
lynx
Text-based Web browser, fast and lean.
ncftp
Better FTP.
pico {filename}
Easy text editor, but limited. vi and emacs are available.
pine
Email.
telnet {host}
Start Telnet session to another host.
tin
Usenet.
uudecode {filename}
uuencode {filename}
Do it on the server to reduce download size about 1/3.
ytalk {userid}
Chat with someone else online, eg ytalk mkummel. Please use w first so you don't
interrupt a big download!
System info
date
Show date and time.
df
Check system disk capacity.
du
Check your disk usage and show bytes in each directory.
more /etc/motd
Read message of the day, "motd" is a useful alias..
printenv
Show all environmental variables (in C-shell% - use set in Korn shell$).
quota -v
Check your total disk use.
uptime
Find out system load.
w
Who's online and what are they doing?
8. u=
user
(yo
urse
lf)
g=
gro
up
a=
ever
yon
e
r=
read
w=
writ
e
x=
exe
cute
chmod u+rw {filespec}
Give yourself read and write permission
chmod u+x {filespec}
Give yourself execute permission.
chmod a+rw {filespec}
Give read and write permission to everyone.
Applications I use
finger {userid}
Find out what someone's up to.
gopher
Gopher.
irc
IRC, but not available on RAIN.
lynx
Text-based Web browser, fast and lean.
ncftp
Better FTP.
pico {filename}
Easy text editor, but limited. vi and emacs are available.
pine
Email.
telnet {host}
Start Telnet session to another host.
tin
Usenet.
uudecode {filename}
uuencode {filename}
Do it on the server to reduce download size about 1/3.
ytalk {userid}
9. Chat with someone else online, eg ytalk mkummel. Please use w first so you don't
interrupt a big download!
System info
date
Show date and time.
df
Check system disk capacity.
du
Check your disk usage and show bytes in each directory.
more /etc/motd
Read message of the day, "motd" is a useful alias..
printenv
Show all environmental variables (in C-shell% - use set in Korn shell$).
quota -v
Check your total disk use.
uptime
Find out system load.
w
Who's online and what are they doing?
chmod u+rw
Give yourself read and write permission
{filespec}
chmod u+x
Give yourself execute permission.
{filespec}
chmod a+rw
Give read and write permission to everyone.
{filespec}
Applications I use Applications I use Applications I use
finger {userid} Find out what someone's up to.
gopher Gopher.
irc IRC, but not available on RAIN.
lynx Text-based Web browser, fast and lean.
ncftp Better FTP.
pico {filename} Easy text editor, but limited. vi and emacs are available.
pine Email.
telnet {host} Start Telnet session to another host.
tin Usenet.
uudecode
{filename}
Do it on the server to reduce download size about 1/3.
uuencode
{filename}
Chat with someone else online, eg ytalk mkummel. Please use
ytalk {userid}
w first so you don't interrupt a big download!
System info System info System info
date Show date and time.
df Check system disk capacity.
du Check your disk usage and show bytes in each directory.
more /etc/motd Read message of the day, "motd" is a useful alias..
Show all environmental variables (in C-shell% - use set in Korn
printenv
shell$).
quota -v Check your total disk use.
uptime Find out system load.
10. w Who's online and what are they doing?
Unix Directory Format
Long listings (ls -l) have this format:
- file d directory, * executable ^ symbolic links (?) file size (bytes) file name /
directory ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ drwxr-xr-x 11 mkummel 2560 Mar 7 23:25 public_html/ -rw-r--r--
1 mkummel 10297 Mar 8 23:42 index.html ^ ^^^ user permission (rwx) date and time
last modified ^^^ group permission (rwx) ^^^ world permission (rwx)
How to Make an Alias
An alias lets you type something simple and do something complex. It's a shorthand for a
command. If you want to type "dir" instead of "ls -l" then type alias dir 'ls -l'. The single
quotes tell Unix that the enclosed text is one command.
Aliases are more useful if they're permanent so you don't have to think about them. You can do
this by adding the alias to your .cshrc file so they're automatically loaded when you start. Type
pico .cshrc and look for the alias section and add what you want. It will be effective when you
start. Just remember that if you make an alias with the name of a Unix command, that command
will become unavailable.
Here are a few aliases from my .cshrc file:
# enter your aliases here in the form: # alias this means this alias h history
alias m more alias q quota -v alias bye exit alias ls ls -F alias dir ls alias cdup
cd .. alias motd more /etc/motd
How to Make a Script
A Unix script is a text file of commands that can be executed, like a .bat file in DOS. Unix
contains a powerful programming language with loops and variables that I don't really
understand. Here's a useful example.
Unix can't rename a bunch of files at once the way DOS can. This is a problem if you develop Web
pages on a DOS machine and then upload them to your Unix Server. You might have a bunch of
.htm files that you want to rename as .html files, but Unix makes you do it one by one. This is
actually not a defect. (It's a feature!) Unix is just being more consistent than DOS. So make a
script!
Make a text file (eg with pico) with the following lines. The first line is special. It tells Unix what
program or shell should execute the script. Other # lines are comments.
#! /bin/csh # htm2html converts *.htm files to *.html foreach f ( *.htm ) set
base=`basename $f .htm` mv $f $base.html end Save this in your home directory as
htm2html (or whatever). Then make it user-executable by typing chmod 700 htm2html. After
this a * will appear by the file name when you ls -F, to show that it's executable. Change to a
directory with .htm files and type ~/htm2html, and it will do its stuff.
11. Think about scripts whenever you find yourself doing the same tedious thing over and over.
Dotfiles (aka Hidden Files)
Dotfile names begin with a "." These files and directories don't show up when you list a
directory unless you use the -a option, so they are also called hidden files. Type ls -la in your
home directory to see what you have.
Some of these dotfiles are crucial. They initialize your shell and the programs you use, like
autoexec.bat in DOS and .ini files in Windows. rc means "run commands". These are all text
files that can be edited, but change them at your peril. Make backups first!
Here's some of what I get when I type ls -laF:
.addressbook my email addressbook.
.cshrc my C-shell startup info, important!
.gopherrc my gopher setup.
.history list of past commands.
.login login init, important!
.lynxrc my lynx setup for WWW.
.ncftp/ hidden dir of ncftp stuff.
.newsrc my list of subscribed newsgroups.
.pinerc my pine setup for email.
.plan text appears when I'm fingered, ok to edit.
.profile Korn shell startup info, important!
.project text appears when I'm fingered, ok to edit.
.signature my signature file for mail and news, ok to edit.
.tin/ hidden dir of my tin stuff for usenet.
.ytalkrc my ytalk setup.
DOS and UNIX commands
Action DOS UNIX
change directory cd cd
change file protection attrib chmod
compare files comp diff
copy file copy cp
delete file del rm
delete directory rd rmdir
directory list dir ls
edit a file edit pico
environment set printenv
find string in file find grep
help help man
make directory md mkdir
move file move mv
rename file ren mv
show date and time date, time date
show disk space chkdsk df
12. show file type cat
show file by screens type filename | more more
sort data sort sort