Colonialism in America from the 17th to 19th centuries saw the colonies politically and economically dependent on European powers like Spain. Spain divided its colonies into administrative regions governed by viceroyalties. Colonial institutions represented absolute monarchical rule through entities like the Council of the Indies, Royal Audiencia, and viceroys who carried out the demands of the King. The primary economic activities in the colonies involved extracting natural resources like precious metals, agriculture, and the use of indigenous and slave labor in mines, plantations, and livestock/agricultural haciendas and estancias.

1. Colonialism
5th A
Saint Andrew

2. Colonialism in America
17th to 19th Century
16th
century
17th
century
18th
century
19th
century
20th
century
21st
century
15th
century
Colonialism
During the Colonial period
America´s colonies depended
politically end economically
from European powers
Conquest
Early Modern Era Modern Era
2014Today
1492DiscoveryofAmerica

3. America´s Model of governing
Spanish colonies were divided
by the Crown in different
administative regions
Viceroyality
Of La Plata
Viceroyality
Of Peru
Viceroyality of
Nueva Granada
Viceroyality of
New Spain

4. Colonial Institutions: Absolute Monarcy
Absolute Monarchy
King controlled
Economy Politics Religion
An absolute monarchy is a idealized form of
monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule
their country and citizens freely with no laws or
opposition telling the monarchy what to do.
Basically an absolute monarch has total power
over its people and land.

5. Colonial institutions:
Spain Colonies
In Spain:
-Council of The Indies
- House of Trade
In the colonies:
-Royal Audiencia
-Viceroy
-Governor
These institutions represented
the King and carried out his
demands.

6. In the colonies
Each colonial Town created a
-Cabildo or Town Council
To discuss their needs
Indegenous people and mestizos were
not allowed.

8. Political division: Viceryoalities and
provincial goverments
Viceroyality
Of La Plata
Viceroyality
Of Peru
Viceroyality of
Nueva Granada
Viceroyality of
New Spain
Chile depended on
the Viceroyality of
Perú, but was later
converted into a
Capitancy
General.
Oldest
Oldest
Added in
the 18th
Century
Added in
the 18th
Century
Chile was tuned into Capitany as a
military stategy to fight the Mapuche
resistance

9. Economy and labor
In the 16th century economy was
based on mercantilism
Countries would get rich
by accumulating prcious
metals

10. Monopoly
-The Spainish
wanted to keep its
colonies
economically
dependent.
-Spanish Colonies
were only allowed
to trade with
Spain.
- The house of
trade controlled
the trade
monopoly.

11. Economic activities in America
Main economic
activities
Natural resources Precious metals
Agriculture
Livestock Production
Production centersProduction centers
Haciendas and
Esancias:
Mestizo and
indigenous
people
-Livestock
-Agriculture
Plantations:
Slave labour
-Sugar
-Cotton
-Coffee
Extracting
Mines
-Indigenous
labors (slaves)
-Gold
-Silver
Rivers
Indigenous
labors (slaves)
-Gold

12. Economic activity in Chile
 16th century gold panning in the Aconcagua
River. (Marga Marga)
 Panning in mapuche territory

The profits from gold panning financed great
part of the conquest in Chile
-
Mining began to decline at the
end of the 16th century
-Over- explotation
- Panning sites were in the
Rebel Mapuche Territory.
16th
Century
Mining: Gold panning

13. Economic activity in Chile 17th
Century
Agriculture and Livestock
Hacienda
Leather
Jerky
Tallow
Wheat
Exported
Potosí, Peru
Minning region
Viceroyality of
Peru
During the 18th century The central valley, Concepción, and
La Serena became specilalized regions in wheat production

14. Labor during colonialism: Native workers
-In the encomienda system a colonist was put in charge of a
group of Native Americans.
-Natives were considered subjects of the Crown
-Natives had to pay tribute to the Crown by working for the
Spaniards
What should have
happened
-A colonist had to:
-protect
-convert
-educate
The native population
-What really happened:
-Colonists:
treated their workes
poorly.
-Very few were protected
or educated
-educated

15. Labor during colonialism: Native workers
Encomienda Distribution
Systems of labor
Mita: Forced labor
Workers were removed
from their homes and
were forced to work
inproduction centers
Mining Livestock Agriculture
A colonist is in charge
of a group of natives.
Natives must work as
a tribute to the crown.
A colonist must
protect, convert and
educate the natives
Slavery:
Peonaje*
Temporary
worker
that receives
daily pay
-Brought from
Africa
-They were sold like
animals
* The peonaje system was used when the native populaion decreased

16. Labor during colonialism: Native workers
Natives were not treated fairly
ü Worked for long hours
üIn difficult conditions
üPerformed hard physical labor.
üReceived a bad treatment
Labor reform
Chile´s first labor reform: 1559: Tasa of Santillan
-Workers between 18- 50 years.
-They would receive a daily ration of food.
- They didn´t have to work on Sundays and Holidays