History of latin america
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This document provides an overview of Latin American history from the 19th to 21st centuries. It describes the transition from Spanish colonies to independent republics, which struggled due to a lack of preparation for self-rule. Political chaos and strongman leaders known as caudillos dominated, often alternating between liberal and conservative ideologies. Conservatives generally maintained power and the status quo with great inequality. In the early 20th century, the U.S. intervened militarily in several countries. The Great Depression had disastrous effects, and military juntas gained strength. WWII boosted Latin American economies through alliances and trade. After 1945, juntas and drug cartels rose to power in many countries.
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Latin America History
The document is a quiz about Latin American geography and history. It contains multiple choice questions about topics such as the major rivers and oceans surrounding Latin America, the population groups that developed from European colonization, influential figures like Francisco Pizarro and Simon Bolivar, civilizations like the Aztecs and Incas, and independence movements that led countries to revolt against European rule.
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Central Mexico is surrounded by the Sierra Madre mountains. The Aztecs divided their society into nobles and commoners and believed sacrifices were needed to please the gods. Mayans were located in present-day Guatemala, Honduras, and the Yucatan Peninsula. Their society was divided into priests and peasants and populations were small due to harsh rainforest conditions. Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, believing he had reached India, which led Spain and Portugal to battle for land in the New World.
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Latin America is ethnically diverse, with populations descended from indigenous peoples, Europeans, Africans, and immigrants from various parts of the world. While over 90% of Latin Americans are Catholic due to European colonization, the region has a history of European exploitation of resources and peoples, including the genocide of millions of Native Americans and enslavement of Africans over 300 years. In the 19th century, disease and violence had wiped out much of the indigenous population. Some countries gained independence in the early 19th century through wars of liberation against European powers, but economic and political instability continued until recent decades. Regional differences exist, such as Brazil's growing economy versus Bolivia's poverty.
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Central Mexico is surrounded by the Sierra Madre mountains. The Aztecs divided their society into nobles and commoners and believed sacrifices were needed to please the gods. Mayans were located in present-day Guatemala, Honduras, and the Yucatan Peninsula. Their society was divided into priests and peasants and populations were small due to harsh rainforest conditions. Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, believing he had reached India, which led Spain and Portugal to battle for land in the New World.
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History of latin america
- 1. History of Latin AmericaHistory of Latin America 1919thth -21-21stst CenturyCentury
- 2. Post Spanish Nation-BuildingPost Spanish Nation-Building • 1830’s on: Latin American Republics go their own way • Were poorly equipped to make the transition from colony to self-ruling nation • Europeans and mestizos, supported by illiterate lower classes, tend toward oligarchy as political system.
- 3. Overarching TrendsOverarching Trends • Political Chaos • Ambitions of ruthless leaders often the cause of the problem • Strong men, often from the army, become CAUDILLOS based on the cult of personalismo • Examples: Simon Bolivar (Bolivia) and Argentina’s Peron
- 4. • Caudillos often veer between two extremes: 1. Liberals: want secular (not religious) education and redistribution of wealth through land reform 2. Conservatives: want central role of the Church maintained and status quo (with great inequality) • Later, military juntas become more common
- 5. • MOST OF THE TIME, THE CONSERVATIVES ARE IN CHARGE. • WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR THE ORDINARY PEOPLE?
- 6. Yanqui ImperialismYanqui Imperialism • To “preserve regional stability” President Taft sent marines into Honduras (1911) and Nicaragua (1912 • President Wilson sent troops into Haiti (1915) and Dominican Republic (1916) • After WWI, worldwide depression has disastrous effect on Latin America • Military juntas now stronger than ever
- 7. WWIIWWII • FDR’s “Good Neighbor Policy” softens the US/LA relationship • After Pearl Harbor 18/20 countries declare war on the Axis powers or sever diplomatic relations • Provision of food and raw materials boosts LA economy
- 8. Juntas and Drug Cartels Post 1945Juntas and Drug Cartels Post 1945 • Mexico • Nicaragua • Paraguay • Guatemala • Haiti
- 9. Dastardly DespotsDastardly Despots • Bolivia • Uruguay • Chile • Argentina • Panama
- 10. Dastardly DespotsDastardly Despots • Bolivia • Uruguay • Chile • Argentina • Panama