The document discusses European imperialism between the 18th and 19th centuries, when industrialized nations like Britain, France, and other European powers expanded their political and economic control over weaker nations in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. It explains that Western nations sought to control trade, find new markets for goods, absorb excess populations, and spread Christianity and "civilization." The document also describes how the imperial powers justified their actions through social Darwinism and established control using military force, collaboration with local elites, and new technologies.
Used for our unit on Imperialism in the 1800s. There is more in here than actually needed. I tend to pick and choose various parts as needed and hide the others.
Used for our unit on Imperialism in the 1800s. There is more in here than actually needed. I tend to pick and choose various parts as needed and hide the others.
Presentation for a series of lectures on Colonialism prepared for PS 212 Culture and Politics of the Third World at the University of Kentucky, Summer 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Imperialism is very similar to colonialism, with one major difference: colonial powers settle the countries of which they gain control, while imperial powers do not. The term “imperialism” does not seem to exist prior to the 1800s. Nineteenth-century imperialism was spurred in large part by the Industrial Revolution. The development of new industrial economies in the 1700s and 1800s necessitated the acquisition of raw materials and the desire to gain control of marketplaces; thus, by the mid-1800s, imperialistic actions of strong nations (most notably European nations) started to become policy.
1 Definition is from America: Pathways to the Present (New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005, p. 981).
Presentation for a series of lectures on Colonialism prepared for PS 212 Culture and Politics of the Third World at the University of Kentucky, Summer 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Imperialism is very similar to colonialism, with one major difference: colonial powers settle the countries of which they gain control, while imperial powers do not. The term “imperialism” does not seem to exist prior to the 1800s. Nineteenth-century imperialism was spurred in large part by the Industrial Revolution. The development of new industrial economies in the 1700s and 1800s necessitated the acquisition of raw materials and the desire to gain control of marketplaces; thus, by the mid-1800s, imperialistic actions of strong nations (most notably European nations) started to become policy.
1 Definition is from America: Pathways to the Present (New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005, p. 981).
AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 18 colonial encounters in asia and africa 1750 1950S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY: Book: Ways of the World by R. Strayer.
Summary of Chapter 18: Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 1750-1950. The European moment in world history 1750-1914.
2. IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)
Industrialized nations (Europe, U.S.,
Russia, and later Japan)
strengthened their control over their
colonies AND established
transoceanic empires throughout
Asia, the Pacific, and Africa.
Imperialism is this extension of
political and economic control of
stronger nations over weaker nations
9. To control the trade of valuable
products around the world-
industrialization and growing affluence
led to the need for extensive raw
materials and agricultural products
10. markets for their factory
products-sometimes European
factories produced more than
Europeans could consume for
themselves
11. Absorb the excess population of
European nations-avoid class conflict at
home
Nationalism- “Great Power” status in a
competitive political system (Italy and
Germany)
13. Missionaries, aid societies, and
others wanted to “Christianize”
and/or “civilize” people in less
developed regions.
•By 1910, 10,000
missionaries in
Africa
•By the 1960s, 50
million Africans
were Christian
14.
15. HOW did they do it?
Industrialized nations:
Used their stronger militaries
(using superior firepower,
military technology, & navies)
Relied on native elites who were
Western educated
20. JUSTIFICATION for
Imperialism
Widespread belief among
imperial powers that European
races SHOULD dominate the
world.
SOCIAL DARWINISM – survival
of the world’s best races
21. Social Darwinism
•Based on the ideas
of Charles Darwin
and the “survival of
the fittest.”
•European
dominance involved
the destruction or
displacement of
“backward” people
or “unfit” races.
•Imperial
aggression was
seen as both natural
and progressive.
27. Scramble for Africa
By 1914, 90% of Africa under European
control
Berlin Conference in 1885 sets ground
rules for European colonization of Africa
Hardest to conquer decentralized
societies w/ no formal state structure-
village by village
29. • See if you can identify part of the problem
with colonization.
30. Scramble for Africa
Consequences
Traditional way of life disrupted
Economic exploitation of Africans
European racism imported into Africa
Spread of European culture-education
and religion
Spread of Western technology
Change to women’s roles
31. Scramble for Africa
Economic Consequences-Rise in forced
labor within Africa
Forced Labor-Belgian Congo most infamous
case of abuse
Cash-Crop agriculture-often led to famine
for local people and dependence on foreign
markets
Wage Labor-migration of labor, urbanization,
mines
32. ECONOMIES of FORCED LABOR
Colonial subjects were required / forced to
work as unpaid laborers on public projects
like building railroads, constructing
government buildings, and transporting
goods.
French Africa – 10-12 days labor per year
Belgian Congo – private companies with state
support terrorized natives to collect rubber
Netherlands East Indies – peasants required to
turn 20% of their land into cash crop agriculture
Portuguese Mozambique – brutal enforcement of
cotton production quotas
35. Indian Rebellion1857-58
•Based on a
series of Indian
grievances
towards the
British
•Led to
intolerance of
natives and direct
control by the
British
government
36. Britain (United Kingdom)
Includes England, Scotland, Wales,
Ireland
Largest colonial empire
“Sun never sets on the British Empire”
Colonies established to protect trading interests in Africa
and Asia
Two kinds of colonies
“White” Colonies (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South
Africa) Populated mainly by people that moved there from
Britain
Given self-rule
“Non-white” Colonies (India, Africa)
Under indirect rule
Populated mainly by people who are native to the area
Few people from Britain actually live there – but control the
government
37. What is being
advertised?
Where is this taking
place?
How can you tell?
What is going on?
What does it tell us
about imperialism /
colonialism?
Who was the queen
at the time?
Common advertisement during Imperialism
39. European Imperialism in India
Consequences of British Imperialism in India
British educational system established-creates
cultural divide between educated and
uneducated
Spread of English language
Railroads tie India together
Rise of Indian middle class-Western educated
and eventually politically active