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The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), and argon (0.93%). It also contains trace amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. The composition of the early atmosphere contained more carbon dioxide and methane, but now contains more oxygen due to photosynthesis. The atmosphere is divided into layers - the troposphere where weather occurs, the stratosphere containing the ozone layer, the mesosphere where temperatures drop to their lowest, the thermosphere containing the ionosphere, and the exosphere containing hydrogen and helium. The greenhouse effect caused by gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane retains heat from the sun and sustains an average temperature that allows for











