Transformational grammar considers grammar as a system of rules that form grammatical sentences through defined "transformations." It was pioneered by Noam Chomsky, who argued that children have an innate, universal grammar that allows them to acquire language without solely relying on data. Chomsky proposed that sentences have deep and surface structures, with deep structure determining meaning and surface structure determining sound. Transformational rules transform deep structures into surface structures.

1. ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
DISTANCE EDUCATION UNIT
Name: Males Q. Andrea
ID: SOO355859
Tutor: MSc. Monica Del Carmen Pinto
Subject: Transformational Grammar

2. Transformational Grammar
It considers grammar to be a system of rules
that form grammatical sentences in a given
language
and involves the use of defined operations
“Transformations”

3. Transformational Grammar
 It is well- formed or grammatically sentences
of a language
 It is meant to create the rules and principles
which are in the mind or brain of a native
speaker

4. Noam Chomsky
 Noam Chomsky, who was an
american theoretical
linguist, reformed the filed of
linguistics through cognitive
capacity of language
 Chomsky’s theories of grammar
and language are referred to as
“generative” or “transformational”

5. Chomsky’s standard Theory Grammar
Sentence
Phrase structure
rules
Lexicon
Deep structure
Surface
structure
Phonological
Rules
Semantic Rules
Transformational Rules

6. Deep and Surface structure
Itisatheoreticalconstructthat
seekstounifyseveralrelated
structures
The deep
structure
Itisthesuperficialarrangement
ofconstituentsandreflectsthe
orderinwhichthewordsare
pronounced
The
surface
structure

7. Deep and Surface structure
Deep structure
determines meaning
Surface structure
determines sound

8. Innate linguistic knowledge
Empiricists
The habitual
connection of stimulus
and response
All knowledge comes
from experience
Rationalists
Knowledge that is not
derived from
experience
Knowledge is implanted
innately and prior to
experience

9. Grammatical theories
Theories
Chomsky
He believes that children will
never require the knowledge
to process
An infinitive number of
sentences if the language
acquisition mechanism
Was dependent on
language input alone
The theory of
Universal Grammar
It was proposed
suggesting that all
children are born with
Ability to acquire,
develop, and
understand
Grammar regardless of
where or how they are
raised (noun/verb
category)

10. Linguistic Performance
 It is the fact that people, when
speaking in the real world, often
make linguistic error.
 Chomsky argued that these errors
in linguistics performance were
irrelevant to the study of linguistic
competence

11. Linguistic Competence
 Person’s knowledge of his language
 What you know about the language

12. Competence vs. Performance
Having knowledge
(Possess)
Example: Musical score
Applying knowledge (use)
Example: Performance of it

13. Grammaticality
 It is the extent to which a ‘string’ of
language conforms to a set of given rules.

14. Grammaticality
It is based
whether the
sentence is;
Produced and
interpreted
In accordance
with the rules
grammatical

15. Chomsky created the nonsensical
sentence;
Example: Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
 It is not meaningful and is not statistically probable,
 But this sentence is judged to be grammatical by many native speakers of
English

16. Minimalism
Economy of derivation Economy of representation
It purposes at the further
development of ideas involving

17. Economy of derivation
Itoccursinorderto
matchinterpretable
featureswith
uninterpretablefeatures.
It is a principle
stating that
movements
(transformation)
Thewordcars,itmeans
notonlyasinglecar.and
sothisinflection
contributestomeaning,
makingitinterpretable
An example of
an interpretable
feature is the
plural inflection
on regular
English nouns

18. Economy of representation
It is the principle that
grammatical structures
which has a purpose
The structure of a
sentence should be no
larger or more complex
than required to satisfy
constraints on
grammaticality

19. Thank you for watching my
presentation