This document discusses various concepts related to translation theory and practice. It defines the unit of translation as the segment of the original text that the translator uses to begin reformulating in the target language, whether that be a sentence, phrase, or even the entire text. It also discusses discourse analysis and various elements of cohesion to consider like coherence, punctuation, sound effects, referential synonyms, and connectives. Maintaining these elements of cohesion is important for producing a high quality translation, but the translator must also consider what works best given the translation setting and style.

1. ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL
DISTANCE EDUCATION UNIT
NAME: MALES Q. ANDREA
ID: SOO355859
TUTOR: MSC. GONZALO PUMA.
SUBJECT: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRANSLATION

2.  Unit of translation
Units of translation
depend on the text
itself
If the transalion of a
sentence has no
problems
It is consider as a literal
translation
Translate sentence by sentence
Disadvantages : don’t pay enough
attention to the sentence-joins

3. It is a phrase that is
normally used to make
reference to the unit of
analysis or interpretation
It is understood as a
segment of the original
text from which the
translator can begin his or
her reformulation in a
different language

4. Discourse Analysis
Coherence
Punctuation
Sound-effects
Referential synonyms
Cohesion
It is defined as analysis is the
analysis of texts beyond and
above the sentence and
considers that the only UT
(unit of translation) is the
whole text in its relations
and cohesion at all levels
higher than the sentence.

5. COHERENCE
Use standard phrases forms
and pre-in formats if possible.
“…the structure is marked concretely by
certain pointers; e.g. chapters, headings, sub-
headings, paragraph lengths, and you should
consider if these as such will be appropriate in
the translation setting, and will conform to its
house-style.” (Newmark, 1988, pg. 56)
PUNCTUATION
Punctuation marks: parenthesis,
semi-colons, full stops or
exclamation marks, question-
mark, etc. may not mean the
same and vary in all languishes.
One has to take a conscious
decision whether to drop or
retain them, thinking that their
use can make more explicit and
improve the text.
One has to take a conscious
decision whether to drop or
retain them, thinking that their
use can make more explicit and
improve the text.
First it is recommended
to do a comparative
punctuation check
between ones version
and the original

6. SOUND-
EFFECTS
They should be taken into
account in poetry, jingles,
beyond
the sentence and realistic
narrative.
REFERENTIAL
SYNONYMS
They may be lexical,
pronominal or general.
When languages are
different semantically,
one has to be extremely
careful in order to choose
the appropriate
synonymous.
They are used to avoid
repetition rather than to
supply new information
COHESION
It refers to the relations
between sentences.
Forms: connectives,
denoting, addition,
contradiction, contrast,
result.
It can be partly phatic to
over-translated, rightly
and deliberately omitted
some forms.

7. Thank you for watching.