The basic principle of BG method is to be extract thick coal seams by drilling and blasting of roof and sides of gallery, which are driven at the bottom at the bottom of the seam at regular intervals.
Blasting gallery method is the appropriate method for the extraction of thick seam.
BLASTING OF RING HOLES PRODUCTION PER RING BLAST EXPLAINED
In this pdf one can get the different types of equipment used in surface mines which is very important from the examination point of view. important regulations are also included in this .
Longwall; Longwall in coal; Longwall in Hard Rock; Sublevel Caving; Characteristics of the ore body and mining method; Development; Production; Equipments Used; Block Caving, Introduction, Historical evolution of the method, Condition deposit; Principles of the method; Methodology of block caving; Basic issues of geomechanical to the black caving method; Caveability;Mine design Block caving; Fragmentation and extraction control; Subsidence associated; Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving
In this pdf one can get the different types of equipment used in surface mines which is very important from the examination point of view. important regulations are also included in this .
Longwall; Longwall in coal; Longwall in Hard Rock; Sublevel Caving; Characteristics of the ore body and mining method; Development; Production; Equipments Used; Block Caving, Introduction, Historical evolution of the method, Condition deposit; Principles of the method; Methodology of block caving; Basic issues of geomechanical to the black caving method; Caveability;Mine design Block caving; Fragmentation and extraction control; Subsidence associated; Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving
rock excavation, different open cast or open pit excavation machinery, application, limitations, highwall miner, bucket wheel excavatorr, bucket chain excavator, shovels
Subsidence is one of the major environmental issues related to underground mining industry. This presentation gives an insight to causes, nature, effect of subsidence and some mitigation measures.
Its a presentation about the design aspect of open cast mine. The author believes it will surely help the mining engineering students at the beginning level.
rock excavation, different open cast or open pit excavation machinery, application, limitations, highwall miner, bucket wheel excavatorr, bucket chain excavator, shovels
Subsidence is one of the major environmental issues related to underground mining industry. This presentation gives an insight to causes, nature, effect of subsidence and some mitigation measures.
Its a presentation about the design aspect of open cast mine. The author believes it will surely help the mining engineering students at the beginning level.
A short description of Highwall Mining and its performance and application. The details of the equipments and the mining procedure are mentioned. Hope it will help you guys!
A detailed description and innovation by me on HIghwall Mining Methods.
Methods presented can inhance highwall stability and extraction %.
Contact me via mail @ jasmeetsinghsaluja@hotmail.com for method details, video and the program
Criteria for selection of Board and pillar for multiple seamsAsim kumar Satapathy
So the main purpose of this project is to focus on the selection criteria of Bord and Pillar workings without compromising the safety factor in multiple seam.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
3. Introduction
1. Blasting gallery method is the appropriate method for the extraction of thick seam.
2. The thick seam thickness will be up to 8-11 metres.
3. The 1st BG panel was started in the country at East katras colliery in Jharia coal field (BCCL) in 1987. The
method was not successful at east Katras where overriding of pillar (Strata control ) occurred .
4. In chora – 10 pit couiary in Raniganj (ECCL) in the year 1987 the method was
5. Partiary successful giving encouraging result .
6. SSCL introduced BG method in collaboration with carbonnage de France at GDK -10 incline in the year
1989 for extraction of a coal seam with 11 matra,thickness.
7. The method was very successful resulting in 85% of extraction with high productivity.
4.
5. Principle
The basic principle of BG method is to be extract thick coal seams by drilling and blasting of roof and
sides of gallery, which are driven at the bottom at the bottom of the seam at regular intervals.
Ring holes are drilled in the rooms left between the two adjacent galleries in the roof and sides at regular
intervals varying between 0.75m to 1.5m by a crawler mounted JUMBO drill.
Blasting is done using explosive cartridge separated by inert spacers and detonating fuse , so that the
explosive spreads all along the length of the holes.
Load Haul Dumpers (LHD) with remote control carry out loading of coal enabling the operator to stand
under the supported roof and operate the LHD carry the coal from the face and discharge into the
armoured chain conveyor, which feeds to the belt conveyor network for transport to the surface .
The development galleries are driven at the bottom floor of the seam.
It is important that the correct size of rise/dip and rooms are maintained to avoid roof control problems
during the retreating of the panel.
8. Advantages
The thickness of seam can extracted in single slice.
Higher percentage of extraction i.e 75-85%.
Capital investment is nominal when compare to longwall project.
Easy to train the man power and maintance of the equipment.
Extraction is carried under fully supported roof i.e with remote control LHDS.
Safety of the workmen can be fully ensured.
This method can be also be adopted in virgin/developed seams.
Most of the equipment and spares are indigenously available.
Loss of production is minimum while shifting the equipment.
This method is highly flexible as several units are in operation in a district.
Even if one of the units is under break down production from the district will continue to come.
The time required for preparation of panel in relation to the total life of the panel is less than other
mechanised method.
9. Limitations
This method is not suitable for gassy mines and seams with degree-1 gassiness
are most preferable.
The method is suitable only for gradient more than 1in5 to allow easy
movement of tyre mounted LHDS and crawler mounted electro hydraullic
jumbo drills.
Through the percentage of extraction is around 75-85 , still coal left in the
goaf is likely to undergo spontaneous heating.
10. Manner of Extraction
Each pillar shall be split into two equal parts by level split of width not more than 4.2m and height not more than 3m along bottom
section.
The splitting of pillars shall be restricted to one pillar from the pillar under extraction.
The long hole blasting shall not be practiced at any place where two faces are not provided.
Before practicing long holes blasting (ring holes) the operation of drilling and blasting are carried out in stages to a height of full thickness
to expose roof with increasing angle and length of short holes in bye of the galleries i.e called “potato blasting”.
The full thickness of the seam is extracted by blasting a ring of shot holes B with about 33 shot holes.
The shot holes are drilled in ring pattern and stopping at an angle of about 300 to 400 from the vertical towards the goaf.
The spacing between consecutive rings at shot holes shall be 1.5m .
The shot holes are drilled in a ring spaces 1.5m apart by means of JUMBO drill from the level rooms in such a way that they cover half the
pillar on the dip side.
Extraction in level galleries shall be from in bye to out bye forming a diagonal line at an angle about 600 to the level.
A certain thickness of coal not less than 1.5m shall be left between two adjacent rooms after blasting of rings.
After drilling is completed , shot holes are charged with the explosive approved by DGMS.
The total number of shot holes in a ring are 33.
About 0.5-0.6 in length of all holes are stemmed with clay at the end.
The cartridges of explosives are distributed over the whole length of shot holes by spacers tied together by a detonating fuse called “RING
CORD” Which are initiated by Number 6 electric detonator.
On completion of charging and stemming of all holes,the circuit is connected in series before blasting the last installed roof support at the
goaf line is removed and next support line is reinforced with extra support.
11. Support System
I. All roof bars set on hydraullic props shall be breced suitably.
II. Adequate setting load of not less 6T shall be provided.
III. The distance between two sets along the gallery shall not exceed 1.00m/1.5m depending on the roof
conditions.
IV. The roof between the bars shall be suitably lagged by wooden sleepers.
V. As a precaution against the dislodging of hydraullic props accidentally by moving machinery the
hydraullic prop are tied together to roof bars by means of flexible steel wires.
12. Ventilation
Ventilation shall be adequate to bring down the concentration of NO2 and CO in post detonating
fumes at the face to 5ppm and 50ppm respecting within 5 minutes.
In no case quantity of air at any working place shall be less than 284 m^3 /minute.
No shot shall be charged or fired ,if 0.1%or more inflammable gas is found .
During the extraction the tele monitoring system shall be maintained at the surface for monitoring of
carbon monoxide and inflammable gases at the faces and in return air way round the clock.
No person shall be allowed to remain on the return side of the false when blasting is done till the
concentration of oxides of Nitrogen and Carbon monoxide in the return airway comes down to the
limits specified .
Before and during blasting if inflammable gas is found more than 0.5% is detected in the general
body of air, blasting operation shall not be carried out untill the danger from inflammable gas is
removed .
13. Testing of methane presence in goaf
Testing of methane (CH4) presence in the goaf area is essential before conducting any blasting
operation.
No blast should be conducted if CH4 is present at the face. In order to determine the presence
of methane in the goaf a hole of 43mm diameter is drilled in the roof with 450 inclination
towards the horizontal.
Depth of hole naturally depends on the seam thickness and it should penetrate the coal face at
the roof-top.
Methanometer is then connected to the lower end of the suction pipe. After sucking air inside
the pipe,the pipe reading is recorded from the methanometer.