The document discusses the systems that regulate body balance. There are three main components: 1) the central nervous system which coordinates sensory input, 2) the vestibular system which detects head movement and acceleration using semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule, and 3) proprioceptive sensors and muscle commands which provide feedback on body position. The vestibular system detects both rotational movement via the semicircular canals and linear acceleration via the utricle and saccule. It works with the visual system and reflexes like the vestibulo-ocular reflex to maintain balance and stabilize gaze.