compressed natural gas as a fuel
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This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative vehicle fuel. It is made by compressing natural gas, mainly methane, to less than 1% of its original volume. CNG has advantages like being cheaper and producing less pollution than gasoline or diesel. However, it also has disadvantages such as vehicles powered by CNG being more costly and having limited refueling infrastructure. The document concludes that CNG represents a good alternative fuel for vehicles.
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Cng ppt
This document provides information about compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It discusses the benefits of CNG which include lower costs, better engine life, and reduced emissions compared to gasoline. Proper training is required for maintenance on CNG vehicles since the oil does not need to be changed as frequently. The top countries using CNG vehicles are Iran, Pakistan, and Argentina. In conclusion, while CNG vehicles have advantages, their tanks require more storage space and initial costs are higher than gasoline vehicles.
Cng ppt
CNG, or compressed natural gas, is made by compressing methane gas and storing it in hard cylinders at high pressure. It is a cheaper substitute for diesel, petrol, and propane. CNG produces less carbon emissions than these fossil fuels and has several advantages, such as lower maintenance costs and reduced pollution. However, it requires more storage space in vehicles. Despite this disadvantage, CNG has grown popular due to its environmental and economic benefits and over 14 million natural gas vehicles worldwide use CNG as of 2011.
CNG Vehicles
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It defines CNG and explains that it is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard pressure. CNG vehicles have several advantages over gasoline or diesel vehicles, such as producing less pollution and being cheaper to fuel. However, one disadvantage is that CNG requires more space for fuel storage onboard vehicles. To address this, vehicle manufacturers install CNG tanks either under vehicles or on their roofs. The document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution at a lower cost compared to other fuels like gasoline and diesel.
Cng ppt
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas (mostly methane) to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is an environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel that is used in vehicles. CNG produces fewer emissions and is cheaper than gasoline or diesel. While CNG vehicles require a high-pressure storage tank that takes up space, manufacturers are developing solutions like roof and underbody storage to address this disadvantage. CNG is also safer and more readily available than liquefied natural gas (LNG), making it more suitable for powering vehicles.
CNG FUEL
what is CNG fuel and what are it's advantages, disadvantages, effects, solutions and how it is prepared?.how CNG is better than LNG and HCNG? How gases are more efficient and better than those petrols and diesels what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
CNG Vehicles
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It defines CNG and explains that it is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard pressure. CNG vehicles have several advantages over gasoline or diesel vehicles, such as producing less pollution and being cheaper to fuel. However, one disadvantage is that CNG requires more space for fuel storage onboard vehicles. To address this, vehicle manufacturers install CNG tanks either under vehicles or on their roofs. The document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution at a lower cost compared to other fuels like gasoline and diesel.
Cng as alternate to gasoline
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is presented as an alternative fuel to gasoline and diesel. CNG is made by compressing natural gas, which is mostly methane, to less than 1% of its volume. It has a higher octane rating than gasoline and burns cleaner with reduced emissions. Worldwide, countries like Pakistan, Iran, Argentina, and India have the most vehicles running on CNG, with over 17 million natural gas vehicles total. Converting vehicles to CNG provides benefits like lower fuel costs, reduced pollution, and increased fuel efficiency compared to gasoline or diesel. However, CNG also has some disadvantages like needing more space for fuel storage and potential issues in cold weather.
Compressed Natural Gas
The document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG), including what it is, where it comes from, how it differs from liquefied natural gas, its safety and uses. It provides details on the CNG market in the US, including major consumers of natural gas, vehicle usage, growth rates and number of fueling stations. It also outlines federal incentives for CNG adoption and typical components of CNG fueling stations. Major producers, vehicle manufacturers, and valve companies involved in CNG are listed.
Recommended
Cng ppt
This document provides information about compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It discusses the benefits of CNG which include lower costs, better engine life, and reduced emissions compared to gasoline. Proper training is required for maintenance on CNG vehicles since the oil does not need to be changed as frequently. The top countries using CNG vehicles are Iran, Pakistan, and Argentina. In conclusion, while CNG vehicles have advantages, their tanks require more storage space and initial costs are higher than gasoline vehicles.
Cng ppt
CNG, or compressed natural gas, is made by compressing methane gas and storing it in hard cylinders at high pressure. It is a cheaper substitute for diesel, petrol, and propane. CNG produces less carbon emissions than these fossil fuels and has several advantages, such as lower maintenance costs and reduced pollution. However, it requires more storage space in vehicles. Despite this disadvantage, CNG has grown popular due to its environmental and economic benefits and over 14 million natural gas vehicles worldwide use CNG as of 2011.
CNG Vehicles
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It defines CNG and explains that it is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard pressure. CNG vehicles have several advantages over gasoline or diesel vehicles, such as producing less pollution and being cheaper to fuel. However, one disadvantage is that CNG requires more space for fuel storage onboard vehicles. To address this, vehicle manufacturers install CNG tanks either under vehicles or on their roofs. The document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution at a lower cost compared to other fuels like gasoline and diesel.
Cng ppt
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas (mostly methane) to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is an environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel that is used in vehicles. CNG produces fewer emissions and is cheaper than gasoline or diesel. While CNG vehicles require a high-pressure storage tank that takes up space, manufacturers are developing solutions like roof and underbody storage to address this disadvantage. CNG is also safer and more readily available than liquefied natural gas (LNG), making it more suitable for powering vehicles.
CNG FUEL
what is CNG fuel and what are it's advantages, disadvantages, effects, solutions and how it is prepared?.how CNG is better than LNG and HCNG? How gases are more efficient and better than those petrols and diesels what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
CNG Vehicles
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It defines CNG and explains that it is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard pressure. CNG vehicles have several advantages over gasoline or diesel vehicles, such as producing less pollution and being cheaper to fuel. However, one disadvantage is that CNG requires more space for fuel storage onboard vehicles. To address this, vehicle manufacturers install CNG tanks either under vehicles or on their roofs. The document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution at a lower cost compared to other fuels like gasoline and diesel.
Cng as alternate to gasoline
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is presented as an alternative fuel to gasoline and diesel. CNG is made by compressing natural gas, which is mostly methane, to less than 1% of its volume. It has a higher octane rating than gasoline and burns cleaner with reduced emissions. Worldwide, countries like Pakistan, Iran, Argentina, and India have the most vehicles running on CNG, with over 17 million natural gas vehicles total. Converting vehicles to CNG provides benefits like lower fuel costs, reduced pollution, and increased fuel efficiency compared to gasoline or diesel. However, CNG also has some disadvantages like needing more space for fuel storage and potential issues in cold weather.
Compressed Natural Gas
The document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG), including what it is, where it comes from, how it differs from liquefied natural gas, its safety and uses. It provides details on the CNG market in the US, including major consumers of natural gas, vehicle usage, growth rates and number of fueling stations. It also outlines federal incentives for CNG adoption and typical components of CNG fueling stations. Major producers, vehicle manufacturers, and valve companies involved in CNG are listed.
CNG Presentation
The document summarizes an event about alternative fuels and technologies held in Jackson, WY. It includes presentations on propane, biodiesel, electric vehicles, compressed natural gas. The event is from 10:00am-2:00pm at the Teton County Public Library on April 17th. It discusses the coalition's mission to displace petroleum use and improve air quality through alternative fuels like biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas and propane. One session will focus on compressed natural gas vehicles.
Alternative fuel ( LPG & CNG , BIO-DIESEL & BIO-GAS )
Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels other than conventional fuels like;fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural.
Approximately 90% of our energy are met by fossil fuels Alternative fuels are consumed to provide energy to power an engine.
Well there are a few alternatives:
Bio diesel
Natural Gas
Propane
Hydrogen
Methanol
Ethanol
Electricity
Alternative fuel
This document discusses several alternative fuels including ethanol, propane, biodiesel, hydrogen, and compressed natural gas. Ethanol is produced from sugar or ethylene fermentation and is cleaner burning but can increase food prices. Propane is a liquefied petroleum gas that is widely used and produces fewer emissions than gasoline but has limited availability. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, animal fats, and greases and can be used in diesel engines but may not be suitable in cold temperatures. Hydrogen produces only water emissions but is expensive and dangerous. Compressed natural gas is safer than other fuels if spilled and produces lower emissions than gasoline but vehicles have higher costs and less cargo space.
CNG, LNG, LPG, Gaseous Fuels
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is natural gas that has been compressed for use as a vehicle fuel or to heat homes and cook food. Natural gas forms from decomposing organic material and is mostly methane. It is extracted and purified, then compressed to 1% of its volume at atmospheric pressure to form CNG. CNG vehicles are becoming more popular due to CNG's reduced emissions compared to gasoline, the abundant natural gas resources in the US, and because natural gas pipelines already exist in many areas. However, CNG is flammable, displaces oxygen, and must be handled cautiously.
presentation on alternative fuels
This document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used instead of conventional fossil fuels. It covers 4 generations of biofuels including those from food crops, non-food crops, algae, and those converted from vegetable oils. It also discusses natural gas, electricity in batteries and fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells, emulsified diesel, and producing fuel from plastic waste as promising alternative fuel sources. The use of alternative fuels can help address issues of rising energy demands, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming.
CNG Seminar Jackson
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It begins by explaining that CNG vehicles have been around for some time but are emerging as a leading alternative fuel option. There are three main types of CNG vehicles: dedicated, which run on CNG only; bifueled, which can run on CNG or gasoline; and dual fueled, which use a combination of CNG and diesel. The document then covers the basics of CNG fuel storage and delivery systems on vehicles, safety aspects, advantages over gasoline like lower cost and domestic production, and workforce training opportunities for CNG vehicle repair.
Cng
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas (which is primarily methane) to less than 1% of its volume at atmospheric pressure. CNG has several advantages over gasoline and diesel - it is cheaper, produces less carbon emissions, and is safer since it disperses quickly when released. However, CNG also has some disadvantages, such as requiring a large storage tank and limited refueling station availability compared to gasoline. Overall, CNG is considered an environmentally friendly alternative motor fuel that can help reduce vehicle emissions.
Seminar report on modifications for ethanol engines
This technical report summarizes modifications needed in a gasoline engine to enable it to run on ethanol fuel. It discusses changing the main jet, idle orifice, power valve, accelerator pump, compression ratio, cold weather starting, and thermostat. The report was submitted by Sughosh D. Deshmukh to his professor M. P. Joshi at Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management in Nagpur, India to fulfill requirements for a mechanical engineering course.
Cng engine projects
The document outlines a presentation about compressed natural gas (CNG) engines. It begins with an introduction to CNG as an alternative fuel comprised mostly of methane. It then discusses the history of CNG engines, how they work, their major components and operating principles. The document covers why CNG is used in vehicles, its advantages like lower emissions and cost effectiveness, and disadvantages like lower mileage. It also discusses the CNG power cycle, efficiency considerations, and reasons why CNG engines have not been more widely commercialized.
Alternative fuels and their uses
The document discusses the increasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy needs and the finite nature of these resources. It states that approximately 90% of energy requirements are met by fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are expected to deplete within the next 200-300 years and few decades respectively. To avoid future scarcity, the document emphasizes the need to develop alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and biomass, which are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels.
Lpg and cng
This document provides information on compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It defines CNG and LPG, lists their compositions and properties. CNG has higher methane content while LPG contains more propane and butane. Both are used as alternative fuels, with CNG being cleaner but requiring high-pressure storage while LPG has lower pressure storage. Their emissions and applications in vehicles and industry are also compared.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS ETHAOL &AND METHANOL
Generally the fuels which are sourced from plants or waste products and are known as alternative or bio-fuels.
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is also known as SVO – straight vegetable oil. It is not a bio diesel.
Bio methanol is the product of the trans esterification of vegetable/waste oil or animal fats.
Bio ethanol is mainly used in petrol engines to deliver higher performance and reduced emissions.
Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels.
alternateFuels
Electricity:
-> electricity is mechanical power.
->they release stored chemical energy on combustion.
->Electricity used topower vehicles is commonly provided by batteries, but recently fuel cells are also being explored.
battery:
->it is device which is used to store electrical energy.
->in this chemical reactions are converted in to electrical powers
Advantages of electric fuel:
->The advantages of electric fuel/fuel cells are No tailpipe emissions.
->Vehicles using electric fuel demand less
maintenance.
->Electric fuel vehicle have less moving parts
to service and replace.
->Fuel cells vehicles are highly efficient.
->Fuel cells have high power density .
Disadvantages of electric fuel:
-> Batteries may take time in charging .
->Noble metal required for somefuel cells thereby increasing the cost.
->Impurities in the hydrogen can hamper cell
performance.
-> Costly technology
BIOHYDROGEN:
1slide:
->Biohydrogen is 1st generation biofuel and it is produced biologically
->Hydrogen can be produced from a number of different sources, including natural gas,water, methanol etc ..,
->Two methods are generally used to produce hydrogen:
(1) Electrolysis
(2) Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or partial oxidation
2slide:
Electrolysis:
-> 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
electrolysis of water diagram.......
3 slide:
Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or
partial oxidation:
.
-> C + ½ O2 → CO
-> CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
syntesis diagram.......,.
4slide:
Advantages:
->Hydrogen-air mixture burns nearly10timesfaster than gasoline-air mixture.
->Hydrogen has high self-ignition temperaturebut requires very little energy to ignite it
->.Clean exhaust, produces no CO2.
->As a fuel it is very efficient as there are no losses associated with throttling.
Disadvantages:
There is danger of back fire and induction ignition.
->Though low inexhaust,it produces toxic NOx
->it is diifficult to handle and store,requiring highcapital and running cost.
.
Exhuast emission reduce system in petrol and diesel engine car
This document discusses methods for reducing exhaust emissions from petrol and diesel engines. It describes the types of emissions produced by vehicles like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. It then outlines several engine modifications and emission control systems that can lower emissions, such as lowering compression ratios, reducing combustion chamber surface volume, exhaust gas recirculation, catalytic converters, and thermal reactor systems. It concludes by explaining India's Bharat emission standards which set limits for air pollutants from vehicles and machinery.
CNG as aAlternate fuel for I.C Engine
This document presents a seminar on using compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. It discusses the availability of natural gas, the properties of CNG, modifications required to engines to use CNG, the performance and emission characteristics of CNG as a fuel, and concludes that CNG represents a good alternative fuel that can help reduce emissions and extend petroleum supplies. The presentation includes discussions of natural gas fields, the composition of CNG, comparisons to gasoline, CNG engine development options, and advantages and disadvantages of using CNG as a vehicle fuel.
Alternate fules
This presentation is regarding alternate fuels and their future scope, for I.C. Engine and with that we try to achieve as low as possible gas emission, this presentation give brief introductory idea about fuels and their properties.
Alternative Fuel
The document discusses several alternative fuels to gasoline including ethanol, electricity, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Ethanol is made from distilling crops like barley to produce alcohol that can be mixed with gasoline. Electricity can power cars through battery cells that store energy or fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen. Biodiesel is made from vegetable and animal fats and can be used directly in specially designed engines or mixed with petroleum. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells by combining it with oxygen or mixed with natural gas. Each option requires infrastructure like manufacturing plants, fueling stations, and distribution networks. The author concludes that biodiesel would be the best near-term option as it utilizes waste materials and is
alternative fuels for automobiles
The document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used for automobiles instead of fossil fuels. It describes fuels such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, and electricity. For each fuel, it provides details on their production, use in vehicles, and environmental and performance advantages over gasoline and diesel. The conclusion emphasizes that alternative fuels generally have lower emissions and reduce dependence on petroleum. Comparing the different options economically and environmentally is important for determining the best short and long-term alternatives. Overall alternative fuels can help address issues like air, soil, and water pollution as well as global warming.
Emission control system
The emission control system reduces pollutants from vehicle exhaust by using several components. The positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system and evaporative emission (EVAP) system reduce hydrocarbons, while the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and three-way catalytic converter (TWC) lower nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These work together to minimize harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter that can impact human health.
‘LPG Gas SI Engine’
To enhance the increasing energy consumption.
Due to fossil fuels exhaustion and negative influence on the environment.
Environmental friendly alternative fuel.
LPG fuels engines offers a better solution to minimize pollution. The present LPG conversion technology requires modifications for better performance.
Cost of fuel increased.
Buses to Natural Gas
The document discusses the potential for Hanover County Schools in Virginia to convert some of its school bus fleet to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). It notes that a private company in Hanover, Supervalu Foods, has constructed a CNG fueling station and offered to let the county and schools use it. The document proposes a pilot project to convert 5 older buses to CNG at an estimated cost of $200,000, which could save $15,000 annually and pay back the investment in 13 years. It concludes that access to the low-cost CNG fuel makes the long-term transition to CNG buses financially sustainable and beneficial for reducing emissions and fuel costs over time.
Biodiesel by Saurabh Kumar Yadav
Seminar on Biodiesel from Jatropha seed.
Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted shortness of conventional fuels and environmental concern.
Jatropha biodiesel is ideal solution to meet out higher diesel demand and oil imports. By mixing of 20 % biodiesel with diesel will help India to save 7.3× 106 tonnes of diesel per year.
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CNG Presentation
The document summarizes an event about alternative fuels and technologies held in Jackson, WY. It includes presentations on propane, biodiesel, electric vehicles, compressed natural gas. The event is from 10:00am-2:00pm at the Teton County Public Library on April 17th. It discusses the coalition's mission to displace petroleum use and improve air quality through alternative fuels like biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas and propane. One session will focus on compressed natural gas vehicles.
Alternative fuel ( LPG & CNG , BIO-DIESEL & BIO-GAS )
Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels other than conventional fuels like;fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural.
Approximately 90% of our energy are met by fossil fuels Alternative fuels are consumed to provide energy to power an engine.
Well there are a few alternatives:
Bio diesel
Natural Gas
Propane
Hydrogen
Methanol
Ethanol
Electricity
Alternative fuel
This document discusses several alternative fuels including ethanol, propane, biodiesel, hydrogen, and compressed natural gas. Ethanol is produced from sugar or ethylene fermentation and is cleaner burning but can increase food prices. Propane is a liquefied petroleum gas that is widely used and produces fewer emissions than gasoline but has limited availability. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils, animal fats, and greases and can be used in diesel engines but may not be suitable in cold temperatures. Hydrogen produces only water emissions but is expensive and dangerous. Compressed natural gas is safer than other fuels if spilled and produces lower emissions than gasoline but vehicles have higher costs and less cargo space.
CNG, LNG, LPG, Gaseous Fuels
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is natural gas that has been compressed for use as a vehicle fuel or to heat homes and cook food. Natural gas forms from decomposing organic material and is mostly methane. It is extracted and purified, then compressed to 1% of its volume at atmospheric pressure to form CNG. CNG vehicles are becoming more popular due to CNG's reduced emissions compared to gasoline, the abundant natural gas resources in the US, and because natural gas pipelines already exist in many areas. However, CNG is flammable, displaces oxygen, and must be handled cautiously.
presentation on alternative fuels
This document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used instead of conventional fossil fuels. It covers 4 generations of biofuels including those from food crops, non-food crops, algae, and those converted from vegetable oils. It also discusses natural gas, electricity in batteries and fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells, emulsified diesel, and producing fuel from plastic waste as promising alternative fuel sources. The use of alternative fuels can help address issues of rising energy demands, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming.
CNG Seminar Jackson
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It begins by explaining that CNG vehicles have been around for some time but are emerging as a leading alternative fuel option. There are three main types of CNG vehicles: dedicated, which run on CNG only; bifueled, which can run on CNG or gasoline; and dual fueled, which use a combination of CNG and diesel. The document then covers the basics of CNG fuel storage and delivery systems on vehicles, safety aspects, advantages over gasoline like lower cost and domestic production, and workforce training opportunities for CNG vehicle repair.
Cng
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas (which is primarily methane) to less than 1% of its volume at atmospheric pressure. CNG has several advantages over gasoline and diesel - it is cheaper, produces less carbon emissions, and is safer since it disperses quickly when released. However, CNG also has some disadvantages, such as requiring a large storage tank and limited refueling station availability compared to gasoline. Overall, CNG is considered an environmentally friendly alternative motor fuel that can help reduce vehicle emissions.
Seminar report on modifications for ethanol engines
This technical report summarizes modifications needed in a gasoline engine to enable it to run on ethanol fuel. It discusses changing the main jet, idle orifice, power valve, accelerator pump, compression ratio, cold weather starting, and thermostat. The report was submitted by Sughosh D. Deshmukh to his professor M. P. Joshi at Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management in Nagpur, India to fulfill requirements for a mechanical engineering course.
Cng engine projects
The document outlines a presentation about compressed natural gas (CNG) engines. It begins with an introduction to CNG as an alternative fuel comprised mostly of methane. It then discusses the history of CNG engines, how they work, their major components and operating principles. The document covers why CNG is used in vehicles, its advantages like lower emissions and cost effectiveness, and disadvantages like lower mileage. It also discusses the CNG power cycle, efficiency considerations, and reasons why CNG engines have not been more widely commercialized.
Alternative fuels and their uses
The document discusses the increasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy needs and the finite nature of these resources. It states that approximately 90% of energy requirements are met by fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are expected to deplete within the next 200-300 years and few decades respectively. To avoid future scarcity, the document emphasizes the need to develop alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and biomass, which are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels.
Lpg and cng
This document provides information on compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It defines CNG and LPG, lists their compositions and properties. CNG has higher methane content while LPG contains more propane and butane. Both are used as alternative fuels, with CNG being cleaner but requiring high-pressure storage while LPG has lower pressure storage. Their emissions and applications in vehicles and industry are also compared.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS ETHAOL &AND METHANOL
Generally the fuels which are sourced from plants or waste products and are known as alternative or bio-fuels.
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is also known as SVO – straight vegetable oil. It is not a bio diesel.
Bio methanol is the product of the trans esterification of vegetable/waste oil or animal fats.
Bio ethanol is mainly used in petrol engines to deliver higher performance and reduced emissions.
Natural gas, a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels.
alternateFuels
Electricity:
-> electricity is mechanical power.
->they release stored chemical energy on combustion.
->Electricity used topower vehicles is commonly provided by batteries, but recently fuel cells are also being explored.
battery:
->it is device which is used to store electrical energy.
->in this chemical reactions are converted in to electrical powers
Advantages of electric fuel:
->The advantages of electric fuel/fuel cells are No tailpipe emissions.
->Vehicles using electric fuel demand less
maintenance.
->Electric fuel vehicle have less moving parts
to service and replace.
->Fuel cells vehicles are highly efficient.
->Fuel cells have high power density .
Disadvantages of electric fuel:
-> Batteries may take time in charging .
->Noble metal required for somefuel cells thereby increasing the cost.
->Impurities in the hydrogen can hamper cell
performance.
-> Costly technology
BIOHYDROGEN:
1slide:
->Biohydrogen is 1st generation biofuel and it is produced biologically
->Hydrogen can be produced from a number of different sources, including natural gas,water, methanol etc ..,
->Two methods are generally used to produce hydrogen:
(1) Electrolysis
(2) Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or partial oxidation
2slide:
Electrolysis:
-> 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
electrolysis of water diagram.......
3 slide:
Synthesis gas production from steam reforming or
partial oxidation:
.
-> C + ½ O2 → CO
-> CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
syntesis diagram.......,.
4slide:
Advantages:
->Hydrogen-air mixture burns nearly10timesfaster than gasoline-air mixture.
->Hydrogen has high self-ignition temperaturebut requires very little energy to ignite it
->.Clean exhaust, produces no CO2.
->As a fuel it is very efficient as there are no losses associated with throttling.
Disadvantages:
There is danger of back fire and induction ignition.
->Though low inexhaust,it produces toxic NOx
->it is diifficult to handle and store,requiring highcapital and running cost.
.
Exhuast emission reduce system in petrol and diesel engine car
This document discusses methods for reducing exhaust emissions from petrol and diesel engines. It describes the types of emissions produced by vehicles like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. It then outlines several engine modifications and emission control systems that can lower emissions, such as lowering compression ratios, reducing combustion chamber surface volume, exhaust gas recirculation, catalytic converters, and thermal reactor systems. It concludes by explaining India's Bharat emission standards which set limits for air pollutants from vehicles and machinery.
CNG as aAlternate fuel for I.C Engine
This document presents a seminar on using compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. It discusses the availability of natural gas, the properties of CNG, modifications required to engines to use CNG, the performance and emission characteristics of CNG as a fuel, and concludes that CNG represents a good alternative fuel that can help reduce emissions and extend petroleum supplies. The presentation includes discussions of natural gas fields, the composition of CNG, comparisons to gasoline, CNG engine development options, and advantages and disadvantages of using CNG as a vehicle fuel.
Alternate fules
This presentation is regarding alternate fuels and their future scope, for I.C. Engine and with that we try to achieve as low as possible gas emission, this presentation give brief introductory idea about fuels and their properties.
Alternative Fuel
The document discusses several alternative fuels to gasoline including ethanol, electricity, biodiesel, and hydrogen. Ethanol is made from distilling crops like barley to produce alcohol that can be mixed with gasoline. Electricity can power cars through battery cells that store energy or fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen. Biodiesel is made from vegetable and animal fats and can be used directly in specially designed engines or mixed with petroleum. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells by combining it with oxygen or mixed with natural gas. Each option requires infrastructure like manufacturing plants, fueling stations, and distribution networks. The author concludes that biodiesel would be the best near-term option as it utilizes waste materials and is
alternative fuels for automobiles
The document discusses various alternative fuels that can be used for automobiles instead of fossil fuels. It describes fuels such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, and electricity. For each fuel, it provides details on their production, use in vehicles, and environmental and performance advantages over gasoline and diesel. The conclusion emphasizes that alternative fuels generally have lower emissions and reduce dependence on petroleum. Comparing the different options economically and environmentally is important for determining the best short and long-term alternatives. Overall alternative fuels can help address issues like air, soil, and water pollution as well as global warming.
Emission control system
The emission control system reduces pollutants from vehicle exhaust by using several components. The positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system and evaporative emission (EVAP) system reduce hydrocarbons, while the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and three-way catalytic converter (TWC) lower nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These work together to minimize harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter that can impact human health.
‘LPG Gas SI Engine’
To enhance the increasing energy consumption.
Due to fossil fuels exhaustion and negative influence on the environment.
Environmental friendly alternative fuel.
LPG fuels engines offers a better solution to minimize pollution. The present LPG conversion technology requires modifications for better performance.
Cost of fuel increased.
What's hot (20)
Alternative fuel ( LPG & CNG , BIO-DIESEL & BIO-GAS )
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Exhuast emission reduce system in petrol and diesel engine car
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Buses to Natural Gas
The document discusses the potential for Hanover County Schools in Virginia to convert some of its school bus fleet to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). It notes that a private company in Hanover, Supervalu Foods, has constructed a CNG fueling station and offered to let the county and schools use it. The document proposes a pilot project to convert 5 older buses to CNG at an estimated cost of $200,000, which could save $15,000 annually and pay back the investment in 13 years. It concludes that access to the low-cost CNG fuel makes the long-term transition to CNG buses financially sustainable and beneficial for reducing emissions and fuel costs over time.
Biodiesel by Saurabh Kumar Yadav
Seminar on Biodiesel from Jatropha seed.
Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted shortness of conventional fuels and environmental concern.
Jatropha biodiesel is ideal solution to meet out higher diesel demand and oil imports. By mixing of 20 % biodiesel with diesel will help India to save 7.3× 106 tonnes of diesel per year.
Properties of petroleum products
A sample oil and aniline were mixed in equal volumes and heated in a beaker on a water bath, forming a homogeneous mixture. When cooled, the mixture became cloudy, indicating the formation of a product. The document also lists various petroleum products with their flash points and values for different apparatus used to measure viscosity, including time ranges, constants, and viscosity coefficients.
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Properties of petroleum products.
A sample oil and aniline were mixed in equal volumes and heated in a beaker on a water bath, forming a homogeneous mixture. When cooled, the mixture became cloudy, indicating the formation of a product. The document also lists various petroleum products with their flash points and values for different apparatus used to measure viscosity, including time ranges, constants, and viscosity coefficients.
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Similar to compressed natural gas as a fuel
Cng
CNG is a compressed form of natural gas that can be used as an alternative fuel to diesel, petrol and propane. It has several advantages over other fuels such as being cheaper, causing less pollution and requiring lower maintenance costs. However, CNG vehicles require more space due to the onboard fuel storage tanks, which decreases available interior space. Overall, the document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution and costs compared to other fuels like petrol and diesel.
Bio-Bike project Presentation
The Objective was to Develop a Motorcycle running on alternative fuel, in this case Methane Gas. The Project was a success and we were able to switch between petrol and gas as fuel resulting in a hybrid motorcycle. The project was featured in local and national news channels.
CNG GAS
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas, which is primarily composed of methane, to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard containers at pressures between 200 to 280 bars. CNG has a higher octane rating than gasoline, providing greater thermal efficiency and producing fewer pollutants. It is cleaner burning than gasoline or LPG and is widely used to power vehicles such as cars, buses and trucks in order to reduce emissions. However, CNG vehicles require more storage space for the high-pressure tanks and have higher initial costs compared to gasoline-powered vehicles of the same model.
Project report ankur rawal june2011
This document provides an overview of CNG filling operations at Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL) in New Delhi, India. It discusses the basics of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative vehicle fuel, describing the CNG filling process, infrastructure requirements, and vehicle storage systems. It also summarizes IGL's quality control procedures for incoming natural gas, highlighting tests done at their Mahipalpur Gas Station. The report aims to understand various aspects of CNG filling operations in order to analyze the process and suggest improvements.
CNG versus LPG as a fuel Report
CNG versus LPG as a Fuel
The document compares and contrasts compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as vehicle fuels. CNG produces fewer emissions than gasoline or LPG. It is safer than other fuels in the event of a spill, but causes more engine wear due to lack of lubrication. LPG produces more energy than CNG but requires specialized fuel systems. While LPG availability is greater, CNG has a more extensive pipeline distribution network. Both gases are used widely for transportation and cooking applications. The conclusion is that CNG represents a good alternative to gasoline and its use as a transportation fuel is expected to increase in the next 5-10 years.
Embarq india talking transit - august 2012 - advantage of cng over other fu...
Embarq india talking transit - august 2012 - advantage of cng over other fu...WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
CNG offers numerous advantages over gasoline and diesel, making it a more viable fuel for vehicles. It is cheaper to operate, cleaner burning, and reduces pollution. CNG vehicles have lower maintenance costs and longer engine life. CNG is also safer than other fuels due to its high ignition temperature and narrow flammability range. It can reduce fuel costs by up to 70% compared to gasoline and diesel.What is NATURAL GAS ,LNG,LPG CNG,PNG ?
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gaseous hydrocarbon composed primarily of methane. It is odorless, colorless, and lighter than air. Natural gas is considered one of the cleanest burning fossil fuels and produces fewer emissions than other fuels like coal, oil, and wood. It is used for power generation, industrial processes like fertilizer production, and heating homes and buildings. When natural gas replaces dirtier fuels, greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced. Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for ease of storage or transport and takes up less space than gaseous natural gas. LNG is transported globally via specially designed carriers and stored in insulated tanks.
Green engines development using compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel
This document reviews the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative fuel for engines. CNG has advantages over gasoline and diesel such as lower emissions and cost. It can be used in modified gasoline or diesel engines. There are two main options for gasoline engines - bi-fuel conversion, which allows both fuels, or dedicated CNG engines. For diesel engines, options are dual-fuel engines which use both fuels, or normal ignition engines which run solely on CNG. CNG engines can operate at lean or stoichiometric conditions with different emissions characteristics. Overall CNG engines have potential for lower emissions than gasoline or diesel engines if properly designed. Further research is needed to improve CNG engine performance and meet future
Gaseous fuel PPT
This document discusses different types of gaseous fuels such as natural gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Natural gas is mainly composed of methane and is found underground in gas and oil fields. It can be dry natural gas containing less than 15 gm/m3 of condensate or wet natural gas containing over 50 gm/m3 of condensate. CNG is natural gas compressed to less than 1% of its volume for use as an alternative vehicle fuel, while LPG is a mixture of propane and butane used for cooking and industrial heating. These gaseous fuels have various applications and properties discussed in the document.
Study on CNG as a Fuel in Two Wheeler
This document summarizes a study on using compressed natural gas (CNG) as a fuel for two-wheelers in India. CNG has advantages over gasoline and diesel such as being cheaper, more abundant domestically, and reducing emissions. The study involved modifying a motorcycle to run on CNG and testing its performance and emissions. Results showed the CNG-powered motorcycle reduced CO and hydrocarbon emissions by over 95% compared to gasoline, increased fuel efficiency, and lowered maintenance costs. The document concludes that CNG is a viable cleaner alternative fuel for motorcycles that could help reduce air pollution in cities.
Eco friendly fuels
This document discusses various eco-friendly fuels including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, biodiesel, electricity, and hydrogen. It provides details on what each fuel is, how it is produced, its environmental benefits compared to traditional fuels like petroleum, and current or potential uses. The fuels listed can have less environmental impact than traditional fossil fuels and some are produced from renewable sources.
COMPARATIVE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CNG AND OCTANE IN RETROFITTED CAR ENGINES
Comparative emission analysis of octane and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine refers to exhaust emission (carbon monooxide, carbon di-oxide, Nitrogen Oxide) analysis and exhaust temperature on car engines which are operated with either gasoline or CNG using a solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The analysis was successfully carried out with the help of an exhaust gas analyzer (IMR 4000). Octane was used as the conventional fuels, whereas CNG was the alternative fuel. Comparative analysis of the experimental result showed the retrofitted engine produced higher exhaust gas temperature andNOx emission over different engines of different mileage when were used with CNG.
Other emission contents were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.
CNG
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane that can be used as an alternative fuel. CNG has a long history dating back to the first natural gas vehicle in 1860. Today there are over 12.4 million natural gas vehicles worldwide, with Pakistan having the most CNG vehicles and stations. CNG has advantages over gasoline and diesel such as lower costs, reduced emissions, and increased oil life, but drawbacks include needing more space for fuel storage and potential health risks from radioactive elements. While CNG offers benefits, biofuels and solar energy may be better long-term alternatives.
Advancement in lpg as alternative fuels and its commercial application
This document is a student paper on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel. It discusses the properties and composition of LPG, its history of use as a vehicle fuel over the past 60 years, how it is produced, its advantages as an environmentally friendly fuel with lower costs than gasoline, and its drawbacks such as reduced driving range and limited refueling infrastructure. The document also summarizes the technology and performance of LPG engines, which operate similar to gasoline engines, and provides details on LPG combustion processes.
Alternate Fuels
Alternative fuels can help reduce dependence on petroleum and lower emissions. Common alternative fuel types include ethanol, methanol, propane, natural gas, biodiesel, biogas, and electricity. Ethanol is produced from crops and can be used in flexible fuel vehicles. Natural gas and propane are cleaner burning than gasoline. Electric vehicles are becoming more popular but still have limited range due to battery capacity. Fuel cells that use hydrogen are also being developed but require safe and affordable hydrogen storage solutions.
Dual fuel bike (LPG cum Petrol)
Abstract: Gaseous fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely used in commercial vehicles. This project evaluated an experimental investigation on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for four-stroke spark ignition engine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the performance and the exhaust emissions of the engine using different fuels. The engine used in the study was originally a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine and minor modifications were carried out to permit the experiments to run on LPG fuel. During the running, the engine was coupled to a ropeway dynamometer to measure several engine performance parameters and a 5-gas analyzer with non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) was inserted into the engine exhaust tailpipe for measuring the exhaust emissions. Experimental investigations have been carried out to performance and emissions of single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine at full throttling position of engine and different load conditions is used to different fuels (Gasoline and LPG) at various compression ratios (4.67:1,5.49:1).The engine performance studies were conducted with engine setup. Parameters like brake power, brake fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated. The test result indicated that LPG fuel have closer performance to Gasoline fuel. However, the brake specific energy consumption shows an improvement with LPG as a fuel replacement. The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and unburnt HC recorded are found to be lower than the gasoline fueled engine.
Compressed natural gas for waste collection vehicles
This document discusses the costs and options for setting up compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling stations for fleets of garbage trucks. It provides estimated costs for stations that can fuel 15, 30, or 50 trucks, which range from $500,000-$1.2 million. It also outlines the types of CNG fueling stations, including fast fill public access stations and time fill private stations. The document discusses the benefits of powering trucks with natural gas, including cost savings, reduced emissions, and energy security.
Converting a Diesel Engine to Dual-Fuel Engine Using Natural Gas
Over the past many years, large numbers of car buyers have been opting for a petrol car with a compressed natural gas (CNG)
kit fitted by the company. The most important thing is that the petrol engines cause global warming by having a large amount
of toxic gases exhausted by the petrol cars. However, by the introduction of catalytic converters (a catalytic converter is a
vehicle emissions control device that converts toxic pollutants in exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants by catalysing a redox
reaction) we have been able to reduce the toxic emissions. Use of Catalytic converters in internal combustion engines fuelled
by either petrol or diesel, which reduces pollutants such as CO to a much less harmful gas, such as CO2. Because of this, a
catalyst car also consumes slightly more fuel, thus reducing its performance. However, by having these improvements, petrol
engine cars with catalysts still exhaust more CO and HC than cars with diesel engine, and by using a CNG kit there is are other
problem such as starting problems and jerks. Therefore, CNG kit is not as useful as it is expected to be. An alternative to this is
a diesel engine (dual fuel engine). However, a question arises that, Why Should one Choose a Diesel Powered dual fuel Engine
over other. So the answer is Diesel fuel contains more energy per litre than petrol. Thus, making more efficient than petrol
engine car. Diesel fuel contains no emissions of the regulated pollutants like (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxides) which are quite less than those from petrol cars without a catalyst. Therefore, diesel engines are attracting greater
attention due to higher efficiency and cost effectiveness. Now, the main objective of this paper is to convert a diesel engine into
duel fuel engine with compressed natural gas, which will overcome the problem of cost and global warming. This paper
presents a dual fuel system for diesel-natural gas operation for a diesel engine, and analysis of the operating characteristics of
the engine.
Ethane―a green(er), clean(er) transportation fuel opportunity
This is the formal paper included in the PLEA 2017 Transportation Forum Proceedings. Until there is full realization of the EV (Electrical Vehicle) infrastructure in the USA, there is lo-emissions ethane (C2H6) transportation fuel offering that can act as a bridge.
Hybrid engine
This document provides an overview of alternative fuels and hybrid engine technologies. It defines hybrid engines as having two power sources other than gasoline or diesel. The need for hybrids is discussed in the context of reducing emissions and fuel consumption. Various single and multiple fuel options are described, including ethanol, biodiesel, natural gas, hydrogen, and others. Hybrid electric vehicles are explained as combining an internal combustion engine with electric motors and batteries. The benefits of hybrids in reducing energy usage and emissions are noted. Examples of prominent hybrid models like the Toyota Prius are given.
Similar to compressed natural gas as a fuel (20)
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Embarq india talking transit - august 2012 - advantage of cng over other fu...
Green engines development using compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel
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COMPARATIVE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CNG AND OCTANE IN RETROFITTED CAR ENGINES
COMPARATIVE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CNG AND OCTANE IN RETROFITTED CAR ENGINES
Advancement in lpg as alternative fuels and its commercial application
Advancement in lpg as alternative fuels and its commercial application
Compressed natural gas for waste collection vehicles
Compressed natural gas for waste collection vehicles
Converting a Diesel Engine to Dual-Fuel Engine Using Natural Gas
Converting a Diesel Engine to Dual-Fuel Engine Using Natural Gas
Ethane―a green(er), clean(er) transportation fuel opportunity
Ethane―a green(er), clean(er) transportation fuel opportunity
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa Warheit
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
AadiShakti Projects ( Asp Cranes ) Raipur
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
Crane Maintenance and Repair: To ensure optimal performance and safety, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for cranes. Our team of skilled technicians provides comprehensive maintenance and repair services to keep your equipment running smoothly and minimize downtime.
Crane Operator Training: Proper training is crucial for safe and efficient crane operation. We offer specialized training programs conducted by certified instructors to equip operators with the skills and knowledge they need to handle cranes effectively.
Custom Solutions: We understand that every project is unique, which is why we offer custom crane solutions tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need modifications, attachments, or specialized equipment, we can design and implement solutions that meet your needs.
At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat Plein
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
快速办理(napier毕业证书)英国龙比亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(napier毕业证书)英国龙比亚大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
一模一样【微信：176555708】【(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(UniSA文凭证书)南澳大学毕业证快速办理
咨询办理【(UniSA毕业证书)南澳大学毕业证】【176555708微信号】未毕业成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Dahua Security Camera System Guide esetia
Dahua provides a comprehensive guide on how to install their security camera systems. Learn about the different types of cameras and system components, as well as the installation process.
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt Hertenstein
Brandt Hertenstein, Program Manager of the Electrification Coalition gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Here's Why Every Semi-Truck Should Have ELDs
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
原版制作(澳洲WSU毕业证书)西悉尼大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(澳洲WSU毕业证书)西悉尼大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(Columbia文凭证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证如何办理
一模一样【微信：176555708】【(Columbia文凭证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Catalytic Converter theft prevention - NYC.pptx
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
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compressed natural gas as a fuel
- 2. Introduction Preparation Maintenance Properties Advantages Disadvantages Uses Conclusion
- 3. CNG is an acronym of compressed natural gas. It is used as a substitute fossil fuel for gasoline (petrol), diesel, propane. It is safer than other fuels in the sense that natural gas is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released.
- 5. It is made by compressing the natural gas (composed of low molecular mass hydrocarbons mainly methane) to less than 1% of the volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a pressure of 20- 25 MPa. Natural gas is mostly methane , one carbon atom.
- 6. Proper training is required for all maintenance personnel working on CNG vehicles. The oil in a CNG vehicle does not need to be changed as frequently because CNG burns more cleanly than gasoline , producing less deposits in the oil.
- 7. Lighter than Air. Colourless and odourless. Does not catch fire easily. Low Density Non toxic
- 8. It is cheaper than other fuels and has more efficiency It is dispersed quickly when released thus produces less pollution It releases less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when burnt
- 9. CNG powered vehicles have lower maintenance cost than other hydrocarbon powered vehicles It increases the life of lubricating oils
- 11. CNG tank requires more storage space. CNG made engine vehicles are more costly than other fuel engines of the same car.
- 12. CNG filling stations have limited availability as compared to gasoline. CNG engine Is low power engine than the gasoline engine.
- 13. CNG is used in many vehicles like bikes and cars. It is also used in commercial vehicles like light duty truck and medium duty trucks like vans , postal vehicles and school buses.
- 15. country No. of vehicles in millions Iran 2.86 Pakistan 2.85 Argentina 2.07 Brazil 1.7 India 1.1 Italy 0.78 China 0.61 Colombia 0.36 Uzbekistan 0.31 Thailand 0.30 World Total 14.8
- 16. Based on the previous slides for the Performance and Emission of compressed natural gas, It is concluded that the compressed natural gas represents a good alternative fuel for engine and therefore must be taken into consideration in the future for transport purpose.