Automation process of PCB layout

1. GUIDED BY,
Dr.D.SIVA SUNDHARA RAJA M.E.,PH.D.,
Associate professor & Head Placement officer
SACS MAVMM Engineering college
Madurai-625301

2. CONTENT :
1. Introduction
2. Problem identification
3. Objective
4. Literature survey
5. Proposed work
6. Tools and explanation
7. Methodology
8. Output
9. Advantage and disadvantage
10. Application
11. Reference

3. EXISTING METHOD:
 Previously developed CNC machine using PCB board without wireless
network.(Design and implementation of PCB using CNC-published by
2017)
 These developed produced is wireless communication(Wireless Base CNC
Mini Plotter Three Axis Control Machine published by 2018)
 CNC machines are more expensive, So our proposed method is developed
to design machines are low cost, wireless communication and developed to
control the mobile phone

4. 1. INTRODUCTION:
 A Plotter is a special type of printer that uses a pen (or drill, laser) to
draw images on solid surfaces.
 In Industry it is not efficient or profitable to make everyday products by
hand.
 On a CNC machine it is possible to make hundreds or even thousands of
the same items in a day.
 First a design is drawn using design software, and then it is processed by
the computer and manufactured using the CNC machine.
 This is a small CNC machine and can be used to machine woods, plastics
and aluminum. In industry, CNC machines can be extremely large.

5. MEANING OF CNC MACHINE
 CNC means Computer Numerical Control.
 This means a computer converts the design into numbers which
the computer uses to control the cutting and shaping of the
material.

7. 2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 Cost and Complexity of the CNC machines using
wireless communication
 High Skill for Programming

8. 3. OBJECTIVE
 The objective of this project is to design and implement the cost
effective CNC machine
 To develop and implementation cost effective of CNC machine
for PCB layout using Arduino microcontroller
 To design CNC machine with control wireless network

9. 4. LITERATURE SURVEY
s.no. Author name
&
Publication year
Title Method
1
Venkata Krishna
pabolu et al. (2010)
Design and implementation
of low cost three
dimensional computerised
numerical control system
(CNC) for industrial
application
This paper prototype used
to arduino microcontroller
and its control the arduino
software
2 Shaikh Noor
Farooque et al. (2015)
Automated PCB Drilling
Machine with Efficient Path
Planning
This paper prototype used
drill the holes of pcb
board and its control the
arduino , processing
software
3 Muhammad Yaqoob
Javed, et al. (2015)
Low Cost Computer
Numeric Controller Using
Open Source Software and
Hardware
This paper prototype used
for arduino ide and grbl
controller software

10. 5. PROPOSED WORK
 This project is based on PCB layout using CNC plotter machine
controlled through Bluetooth and increasing demand for the use
of CNC plotters in small company and laboratories, a cheap and
less complex design is an absolute need.
 This parts used for the plotter in our deals are easily available at
a very low price and spare part are also used. The construction is
extremely simple and robust.

11. 5.1BLOCK DIAGRAM

12. 5.2.FLOW CHART AND EXPLANATION OF BLOCK
DIAGRAM

13. 6. TOOLS :
1. HARDWARE:
1. Microcontroller(Arduino)
2. Nema 17 Stepper motor
3. Servo motor(Tower pro SG90 9g micro)
4. Bearing (Radial ball bearing 623ZZ)
5. Linear bearing (8mm)
6. Pulley and belt
7. Screw rod and CNC shield driver
8. Bluetooth module(HC-06)
9. PC
2. SOFTWARE :
1. Arduino
2. GRBL controller
3. Inkscape

14. 6.1.Hardware tools:
Arduino uno
 Open Source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible
easy to use hardware and software.
 Microcontroller is a IC chip that executes programs for
controlling other devices or machines.
 The microcontroller is the brain of our CNC machine.

15. SERVO MOTOR
 The servo motor could be a linear actuator or angular control. It is regulate
through the signal wire by transmit a changing with pulse width modulation.
 The servo has uniform amount of potential spindle in the direction of both
clock and anti-clockwise direction.
 The servo motor placed in to coordinates on Z-axis for up and down gesture of
pen through the machine.
 the maximum voltage fed into the 5 – 6 volt. The speed of the servo motor is
0.1 seconds and torque 2.5 kg-cm.

16. STEPPER MOTOR
 A stepper motor stands for “step motor”.
 It is type of brushless DC electric motor. It is always rotate in discrete steps
instead of continuous rotation and provide precise control from motor.
 In this project, we are used in hybrid synchronous stepper motor. The nema 17
is correspondent of common stepper motor. Nema 17 face plate in 17 * 17 inch
and it has high torque than other stepper motor. The nema 17 stepper motor has
six lead wires, deserve voltage is 12V.
 It has a step angle 1.8deg in every steps.
 The motor has a unipolar six wire pattern.
 This six wire are split into two winding.

17.  Due to three colour of wire in one winding like black is center tap and other
green, yellow are coil winding end.
 The other winding Red, blue are second coil winding and white is center tap.
 Then center tap wire is disconnected from motor.
 The maximum operating temperature is 80 degree Celsius.

18. CNC SHIELD DRIVER (A4988)
 The CNC driver is a heart of our CNC machine.
 The motor controller is a devices that tend to preside in some
predestined manner the achievement of an electric motor.
 In this project, we are taking from A4988 driver is DMOS micro
stepping driver with restate and over current protection are mainly used
from the driver.
 The driver has a maximum output capacity of 35V and current is 2A.
 The current rate of A4899 driver is 3.5A and low cost.

19.  The CNC shield is easy to interface from arduino microcontroller.
 The shield controller is manual or automatic control to select and regulating for
start, stop, forward rotation, reverse rotation of the nema 17 stepper motor,
regulate and limit torque.
 It is protecting against overload and electrical fault.
 The CNC shield driver are interfacing three motor.

20. BLUETOOTH (HC-05)
 The Bluetooth module (HC-05) play for arduino engaging laptop or computer.
 HC-05 is Wireless LAN technology used in serial port protocol (SPP).
 The transmitting and receiving data rate of up to 1Mbps. The communication
where transfer range is less than 100m and frequency range is 2.45GHZ.
 This module used in a master or slave configuration. Which means necessitate
either operation perform in HC-05 module and computer.
 Pin configuration 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and state, receiver, transmitter, Vref, ground
enable respectively

22. HARDWARE CONSTRUCTION:
X-axis sub assembly Y-axis sub assembly
Z – axis sub assembly Final assembly

23. 6.2. SOFTWARE TOOLS
ARDUINO IDE
 Arduino IDE is an open source software that is mainly used for writing and compiling
the code into the Arduino Module.
 It is an official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that even a
common person with no prior technical knowledge can get their feet wet with the
learning process
 It is used easily edit, compile, run the program

24. GRBL controller:
 Grbl is a free, open source, high performance software for controlling the motion of
machines that move, that make things and will run on a straight Arduino.
 The latest implementations of G-code include macro language capabilities somewhat
closer to a high-level programming language.
 Grbl supports 3-axis of motion (x, y, and z). But it does not support rotation axes.

25. GRBL controller:

26. INKSCAPE
 Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics editor and High accuracy
images can process perfectly.
 This software can be used to create or edit vector graphics such as
illustrations, diagrams, line arts, charts and logos.
 Inkscape is able to write and edit text with tools available for changing font,
spacing, rotation, flowing along the path or into a shape.

27. 7. METHODOLOGY
 Incorporating the features of Standard PC Interface with Micro
Controller and GRBL CNC Shield.
 Microcontroller-Data processing Unit(DPU)
 GRBL CNC Shield-Control loop Unit(CLU)
 CNC machine software or App used to control mobile phone
using Bluetooth module

28. 7.2.MACHINECONTROLUNIT
• Consists of:
Arduino Uno Board
1. Data Processing Unit (DPU)
2. Control Loop Unit (CLU)
Input
Device
Part
Program
Interpreter
and
Encoder
Machine
Code
Interpolator
Code in terms of
Basic Unit Length
Control
Loop
Unit
DP
U
Code in terms of Basic
Unit Length
Control Loop
Unit
Electrical Signals
Driving
System
s
Machine
Motions
Machine
Tool
3 – Axis Motor Control
Unit

29. 8.OUTPUT:
8.1.PROGRAM OF ARDUINO
STEP1: UPLOAD GRBL IN ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE:

30. 8.2.GRBL CONTROLLER AND CONTROL AXIS
STEP 2: GRBL CONTROLLER

31. CONTROL WITH BLUETOOTH:
 Standard app : GRBL controlled (preferred license)
 We are preferred app : Gcode2Grbl (Play store)
GRBL CONTROLLER APPS

32. 8.3.OUTPUT VIDEO:

33. 9.ADVANTAGE:
 Proposed to develop low cost CNC PCB design product
 More accuracy
 CNC machines can be used continuously 24 hours a day, 365days a year and
only need to be switched off for occasional maintenance.
 CNC machines are programmed with a design which can then be manufactured
hundreds or even thousands of times.
 Each manufactured product will be exactly the same and every time update the
software
 It is used to save money and time
Disadvantage:
 More expensive
 Less worker to operate the cnc machine, invest to machine lead to
unemployment
 Student don’t know manual methods

34. 10.APPLICATION:
CNC MACHINE IS USED
1. Laser welding in automobile industry
2. pcb design in electronics industry
3. wood working
4. welding, drilling
5. small part designing
ADVANCES OF CNC:
1. Robot technology
using CNC technology
2. 3-D printing

35. REFERENCE :
1. Ghulam Dastgeer1, Prof. Muhammad Asad2, Saad. S.S. Ali3, “Wireless Base
CNC Mini Plotter Three Axis Control Machine” published by
IRJET(July-2018), P-ISNN :2395-0072
2. Qiang Zhou, Qiushuang Zhang, Yanfei Yin, "Error compensation analysis
of the probe radius of the online measurement device for joint internal
thread", published by Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 2016
IEEE 11th Conference on, pp. 1350-1354, 2016, ISSN 2158-2297.
3. Ibtesam R. K. Al-Saedi1, Farag Mahel Mohammed2 and Saif Aldeen Saad
Obayes2, “CNC Machine Based on Embedded Wireless and Internet of
Things for Workshop Development ” , published by International journal of
computing and Digital Systems (july 2017), ISSN:2210-142x
4. M.A. Khan1, A. Shafi2, S.A. Ahmad3, S.F.H. Shah4, M.MA. Bhutta5,
“DESIGN, MANUFACTURING, EVALUATION, AND ANALYSIS OF
CNC CARVING MACHINE”, published by Journal of Quality and
Technology Management(2015)
5. Amilla, Venkata (2016), Study ON CNC Machines, International journal of
Advanced Scientific Research

36. 6. Lydia Anggraini 1, Ivan Junixsen, “OPTIMATION PARAMETERS OF CNC
MILLING PROGRAMMING MACHINE ON THE PROCESS TIME AND ITS
EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY”, published by Journal of Mechanical
Engineering and mechatronics(July-2018), ISSN: 2527-6212
7. X. H. Kuang; H, B. Huo, “A Design of WIFI Wireless Transmission Module
Based on MCU”, Applied Mechanics and Material, year:2013, Volume:442
8. V.K. Pabolu and K.N.H. Srinivas, “Design and Implementation of a Three
Dimensional CNC Machine”, Int. J. Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 2,
PP.2567-2570, [2010].
9. Yi Hu; Dong Yu; Lie-Ming Liu, “Research and Developing Trends on Industrial
Control Network”, computer science, Year:2010, Volume:37
10. Muhammad Salman Safraz, “Implementation a preventive Maintenance
planning Model for CNC Milling Machine”, American journal of Embedded
Systems and Applications-2017, ISSN: 2376-6069

37. THANK YOU