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Cloud computing in academic libraries
This document discusses how cloud computing is changing library services. It begins with an overview of how core library services, data, content and user experience are evolving due to new technologies and user needs/expectations. Case studies are presented that showcase how libraries are using cloud computing for low-barrier solutions, innovative projects, and large-scale IT issues. Examples of cloud computing applications, platforms and infrastructure are also described.
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Cloud computing in academic libraries
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- 2. “Grandpa’s up theresomewhere.”
- 3. Wheaton College Norton, MA
- 4. Library services through cloud computing Case studies on services, platforms, and infrastructure Erik Mitchell, PhD Assistant Director for Technology Services Z. Smith Reynolds Library Wake Forest University
- 5. Goals Define cloud computing usesin information environments Case studies of cloud-based library services
- 6. Changing Transformative Core library + information + impact of cloud services needs computing = Evolving view of library services and operations
- 7. + = + Library services Data Services Library as place, content bibliographic, digital, access, content creation, technical, administrative, instruction, research, license, access, preservation preservation Content Experience Collections, subscriptions, Research, study support, peer- digital, print, publishing based collaboration, IT exploration
- 8. + = + Information context Skype has 521M Users 34% of skype calls use video Facebook has 471M Users iPhone /iPod Touch - 85M Users Facebook - most popular free iPhone app Mary Meeker - Atmosphere 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1w1FvgdZnE
- 9. + = + New IT roles Increasing expectations for social networking and mobile services
- 10. + = + Cloud computing “the IT stack is changing from being data centric to cloud centric - you cannot do metadata analytics at scale in a data centric environment” Location-based service, transparent pricing, consumer discounts, immediate gratification, mobile push, branded apps, social rewards applications Geoffrey Moore- Atmosphere 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0swJCYLH2Ck
- 11. + = + Emerging profile Everyday use of cloud-based services Greater diversity: place, context, and platform Online experience driving service expectations Internet, broadband, mobile, video, communicative, social http://www.flickr.com/photos/fofurasfelinas/2774653309/
- 12. Defining the cloud payfor what you uset t service-focussed easy to replicate t scalable
- 13. Related concepts Cloud computing “is a phrase that is being used today to describe the act of storing, accessing, and sharing data, applications, and computing power in cyberspace” - Pew Internet Trust A Web service “is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network” - w3c.org Application programming interface (API) “is a specification for allowing programs to
- 14. Granular definitions “...a modelfor enabling convenient, on- demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources...rapidly provisioned and released...promotes availability...composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.” - NIST Service, scalable, shared, metered, Web- based - Gartner
- 15. Types of cloud computing services Applications that provide ‘end-user’ Software experiences - SerialsSolutions, Wordpress.com, WorldCat Local An environment for delivering customized Platforms services - Site hosting, DuraSpace, Open infrastructure that can be used for any Infrastructure purpose, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure
- 16. Examples Productivity Google docs,Gmail, write.fm, cloud-canvas.com, MS Office online Publishing wordpress.com, twitter, yammer, youtube File storage flickr, dropbox, Jungle Disk, Google docs Social networking facebook, flickr, MySpqce, foursquare, linkedin Data / Infrastructure Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, Rackspace
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- 21. Case studies Challenge Case study Finding low-barrier ways to WFU Google Docs serve information needs Producing innovative products Jason Clark - Montana & video in complex environments Solving large-scale library IT DuraSpace, OCLC APIs issues Oregon digtial library, DC Collaboration and pervasive use Public
- 22. Low-barrier solutions Social Stratification in the Deep South 2009 << WFU Google Sites Giz Womack - Wake Forest http://zsr.wfu.edu
- 23. Multi-site, multi-media YouTube videos LibGuides Embeddedmedia Simple APIs Anali Perry - Arizona State Univeristy http://lib.asu.edu/librarychannel/
- 24. Integrated use A sciencebased video site 10 - 18 year olds - Cloud services, APIs Jason Clark - University of Montana http://www.lib.montana.edu/~jason/files.php
- 25. Integrated use A sciencebased video site 10 - 18 year olds - Cloud services, APIs Jason Clark - University of Montana http://www.lib.montana.edu/~jason/files.php
- 26. Solving large-scale library IT issues Integrated library systems Enterprise search Digital asset management systems Electronic resource management systems
- 27. Back-office Webscale Management Services Cloud-based ILS developedby OCLC Circulation, acquisitions, cataloging, search Cloud-based services, data, collaboration Webscale management services http://www.oclc.org/webscale/
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- 29. Digital access and preservation Lots of copies keep stuff safe Peer-based archive using LOCKSS Replicated content, administration Cooperative planning and action Data visualization 27 Partners, Preservation, Access Cloud based Dspace, Fedora
- 30. DuraCloud Cloud-based Replicated storage and applicationservers Mediated, simple, automatically redundant Open source and cloud- based DuraCloud Architecture https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/duracloud/DuraCloud+Architecture
- 31. Inter-institutional collaboration “ Forshared development projects and services, cloud based services offer libraries and their partners the opportunity to move outside the organization bureaucracy and into International waters, where projects are able to function unencumbered… ” Terry Reese - Oregon State University http://oregonstate.edu
- 32. Pervasive use “Technology is everyone’sjob – we can spend more time training and consulting, less time supporting apps!” DCLibrary.org, Central Desktop, Digital Image Archive, Google Docs, Chris Tonjes - DC Public Library http://dclibrary.org
- 33. Case studies Challenge Case study Finding low-barrier ways to WFU Google Docs serve information needs Producing innovative products Jason Clark - Montana & video in complex environments Solving large-scale library IT DuraSpace, OCLC APIs issues Oregon digtial library, DC Collaboration and pervasive use Public
- 34. Implementation Should, how, why wouldyou - “move your library IT to the cloud?”
- 35. Choose a solution { Approach Systems OpenURL resolver, Stats SaaS manager, research guides, online reference Service catalog Integrated library system, PaaS Interlibrary loan, copyright compliance systems Discovery, digital repository, archives management, IaaS website, digital storage, institutional repository
- 36. Hybrid models AmazonEC2 Infrastructure, Server images, backup processes, Amazon S3 monitoring, service deployment, code Data archiving, system management backups, file system SaaS operations Hosted end-point services, data Amazon EBS subscriptions, 100% outsourced options Server disks, application PaaS and data storage, platform for EC2 systems Custom configurations, single purpose applications (ILS), proprietary systems
- 37. Managing complexity install configure EC2 services secure backup document deploy monitor Server images administer upgrade remove
- 38. Outcomes New computing model- mix of IT and end- user focus Outsource or crowdsource? Worldwide, libraries have 5265 transactions per second. This is manageable on a handful of servers - Andrew Pace, OCLC http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/13809231/
- 39. pros / cons Pro Con Provider security measures Privacy, security, license exceed library needs Default support for multi- Bandwidth, accessibility platform services Opportunity to migrate IT to Lack of diversity in market subscription model Levels playing field for New skills, added complexity creators / contributors
- 40. Getting started Start small- Record and upload a YouTube video, embed it in a libguide Build your skills - Seek out ‘new’ media platforms, find out how to create new content, how to post it, and how to bring it back into your site Assess suitability - For any project, ask yourself if you are better in a cloud or localized environment (factors are cost, access, sustainability, expertise) Experiment - The most complex services are available in a browser-based interface now. Launch a server, try an API, experiment with a new platform
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Editor's Notes
- #5 Library services through cloud computing Share experience from WFU Relate examples from ALA session
- #6 Goals Examine definitions of CC, related technologies Use case studies to explore CC in libraries
- #7 Simple model Core service + changing needs + transformative CC = evolving view of ops Technology role = enhance, expand, or transform library services All library services use &#x2018;technology&#x2019;, question - how can CC change/improve/extend?
- #8 Data >> Content >> Services >> Experience We have lots of experience operating with metadata and content Gaining expertise in managing experienece Research / instruction &#x2018;library as place&#x2019; Peer-based collaboration, Embedded librarians, IT exploration
- #9 Information context Real-time virtual interactions, network based information discovery, conversation and document based communication If skype were a telecom, the would be largest Facebook&#x2019;s popularity in US is mirrored in other sites around the world The web is increasingly a/v focused and enabled Libraries finding that students have new IL challenges - forget the web, think about research and evaluation in a mobile environment
- #10 IT roles Peer-to-peer communications have gone digital, emerging as a new model for professional interactions (facebook >> linkedin) 69% of people had used online service or &#xA0;stored online (pew internet trust) Digital information services (flickr, youtube) simplifying previously difficult IT serices Libraries seeking new roles - publishing, IR, act as learning partner
- #11 Cloud Computing Geoffrey Moore - IT analyst - Asserts that IT changes information discovery - &#x201C;You can teach a computer to ignore the haystack and just find the needle&#x201D; and that CC expands search to the network level cloud computing encourage decentralized communication, enables consumer-created services, creates opportunities for customized and directed services (Location, push, rewards).
- #12 Patron profiles Everyday, diverse, experience focus, socially enabled Driven by discipline - place, context, platform matter - customize experience Good news - cloud computing makes this easier Moore argues that the new IT model is consumer-created &#xA0;(consumer >> enterprise) - cheetos ad
- #13 Defining the cloud Metered, Replicable, Service-focused, Subscription, scalable When we talk about CC we mean everything from GMail to TB of network disk space, we mean real-time, network based For most of us CC is equivalent to services offered on the Internet
- #14 Three related concepts for Internet enabled services Cloud computing - &#x201C;the act of storing, accessing, and sharing data, applications, and computing power in cyberspace&#x201D; NIST & Gartner definition more granular Web Service - &#x201C;software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network&#x201D; - &#xA0;RSS feed, &#xA0;iCal invite API - A specification for a web-service Our large CC service providers use all of these - Gmail, YouTube, Amazon
- #15 Granular definitions National institute of standards and technology (3 facets) Characteristics - on demand, networked, resource pooling, elastic, measured service Service models - Software, Platform, Infrastructure Deployment models - Public, Private, Hybird, Community Gartner - different, characteristic focused metered, scalable, shared, etc
- #16 Types service - delivered as an &#x2018;end-user&#x2019; application - serialssolutions platform - space for hosting custom services - application hosting - duracloud Infrastructure - open capacity - servers, disks - amazon
- #17 Examples of CC Productivity, publishing, file storage, social networking, data/infrastructutre Talk through slides quickly
- #22 Case Studies Low-barrier - WFU examples Innovative products - Terrapod Large scale - Back office, search, Collaboration and pervasive use
- #23 Low-barrier solutions WFU move to GMail for students Google GCal, Gmail, Google Sites Transition from manual html to sites platform Rapid adoption Re-framed training in library Social stratification - facebook Answer question &#x2018;what IT resources are needed to facilitate learning in non-traditional classrooms&#x2019; - video, social networking, community building Both examples - library worked as instruction and IT support, in SS as embedded librarians. New role for librarians to provide support for new media creation, management, and access
- #24 Multi-site, multi-media Anali Perry - Az state Univ short videos for instruction or news purposes ZSR library &#x2018;toolkit&#x2019; videos Short videos hosted on YouTube, Vimeo, etc. &#xA0;Use simple Embed tags to include in local sites Brings library into content creation, a little equipment positions library to support broad new area IT lab at ZSR By capitalizing on cloud services libraries can support new range of complex information activities By being aware of license, rights, and access issues libraries use core values
- #25 Integrated Use Jason Clark - Terrapod - a science vodcasting site for 10-18 year olds Show quick video Videos stored in blip.tv, APIs and web-services used to extract data Site combines data, video, instruction, and research support Building this sort of site really only requires knowing how to use RSS and a little scripting Cloud computing allows you to focus on end-service not on technical details, allows you to capitalize on work of others
- #27 ILS, DAMS, ERMS, Enterprise Search OCLC - Webscale Managment Services - Building on ILL model, central service, central data - shift in market different from open source options (also available hosted)
- #28 Enterprise search - serials solutions summons, Ebsco integrated search Version 1 was facets, version 2 is content and format abstraction OCLC Worldcat - centralized bib records makes industry wide evolution realistic (FRBR)
- #29 DAMS Number of projects and consortiums using cloud solutions Look specifically at duracloud, initiative of DuraSpace partner organizations
- #30 DC - moves dspace into cloud Still open source but with data/access subscription model replicated across multiple cloud providers (Amazon, Microsoft, Rackspace) New set of simplified services for libraries Lowers cost-of-entry and TCO for complex Digtial library systems
- #31 Collaboration and pervasive use Inter-institutional - Terry-reese, ALA, International waters Resonated because of Digitalforsyth experience Cloud allows you to form partnerships without involving local IT resources, allows you to find neutral playing field Sometimes regulations help, sometimes provide unnecessary barriers
- #32 Chris Tonjes - DCPL Pervasive use - website, CMS, central desktop, digtial image archive Goal is to involve everyone in the library Training, service, support are sustainable - supporting special localized apps is not
- #33 Recap of case studies Saw a mix of uses SAAS, PAAS, IAAS How far you go depends on project Possible to turn &#x2018;everything&#x2019; into a cloud Julian Clark - Lightning round - private cloud in your organization - &#x2018;sometimes you just need a virtual machine&#x2019; Issues are Technical - cpu, storage, network, expertise Organizational - staff time, project ownership, regulations Patron - what makes the best experience?
- #34 Talk briefly about implementation
- #35 Service catalog - WFU case study - decided that subscription computing was more attractive than ownership models Over course of 4 years moved everything - really focused for last 18 months some elements had steep learing curve -talking more about that at LITA Lynch pin - needed all new servers - looked at cost vs cloud
- #36 Hybrid models - Decided to move everything, used mix of models SAAS - help save staff time/expertise PAAS - When you want someone to manage the platform (ILS, ILL) IAAS - when you need customizabiltiy, scalability (Dspace, Vufind)
- #37 Managing complexity Expertise is an issue - the more you take on CC, the closer you come to an IT department
- #38 Outcomes New computing model When IT expertise was not held used SAAS or PAAS options (ILS) When local customization was needed, used IAAS What is your goal - more access, reduced cost, specilized staff time Outsource vs Crowdsource Large-scale outsourcing is realistic, but perhaps not ready yet It is ok to outsource to focus resources on differentating services Libraries arent that big - 5200 Transactions per second are manageble Experimentation, low-barrier solutions, short term - Look towards free SAAS options
- #39 Pros / cons Security, privacy, licenses Often providers have stronger security / privacy / redundancy SLAs than we require (amazon) Other times, they have not considered academic issues - important to read the Service Level Agreements Enhanced service Multi-platform support more common in SAAS solutions, Come at expense of customizability Is your environment right for cloud ( bandwidth, access - VPN) New IT model Subscription basis changes how libraries look at it Amazon Bezios quote - 70% into IT, 30% into innovation - should be flipped Current lack of diversity in maket, unequal service levels (Amazon still a clear leader in IAAS) Leveled playing field With new services smaller players can get into game Regardless new skills are required, systems are becoming more complex, moving into CC means all departments are effected IT - how to manage CC env. Content creators - how to publish / manage Administrators - how to allocate resources, plan, transition
- #40 Getting started Start small YouTube, cloud-based blog, website, Built-in services (embed, link, rss) Build skills Seek new media platforms, how to create content, how to publish/harvest content Assess suitability/sustainability Cloud vs local? What happens if it goes away? Alignment with academic/institutional goals Local IT requirements - DNS, VPN, Firewall Experiment Simple experiments - record, upload, extract More complex - Install a blog in a cloud env More complex - Launch a server on Amazon, turn the knobs Even the most complex item is done 100% in a web-browser now