Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud computing: identifying and managing legal risks" at Google's Oxford Internet Institute Learned Lunches, Brussel, February 2011
Cloud Computing Contracts and Services: What's Really Happening Out There? T...Cloud Legal Project
Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud Computing Contracts and Services:
What's Really Happening Out There?", at the Sixth bi-annual conference on the economics of intellectual property, software and the Internet – Toulouse, Jan 2011
Data Protection Jurisdiction and International Transfers in Cloud ComputingCloud Legal Project
This document summarizes a presentation on data protection jurisdiction and international data transfers in cloud computing. It discusses how EU data protection laws apply based on the location of processing or establishment. It also examines how personal data can be legally transferred outside the EEA, such as through whitelisted countries, Safe Harbor, binding corporate rules, or model contract clauses. The challenges of ensuring adequate protection when data is stored in multiple locations or jurisdictions are also addressed.
Cloud Computing Contracts and Services: What’s Really Happening Out There?Cloud Legal Project
Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud Computing Contracts and Services: What’s Really Happening Out There?" at The University of Sheffield: School of Law, November 2010
Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud Computing: Opportunities and Risks" at the International Bar Association Annual Meeting 2010, Vancouver, Canada, October 2010
Slides for talk by Prof Chris Reed, Cloud Legal Project http://cloudlegalproject.org on who owns information in the cloud, at Cloud Computing: Legal, Organisational and Technological Issues conference, University of the West of England, on 23 February 2011, Bristol, UK.
Cloud computing is the practice of using remote servers on the Internet to store, manage, and process data rather than local servers or personal computers. It enables users to access computing resources like applications and data storage over the Internet. The main benefits are flexibility, scalability, and pay-per-use pricing. Cloud services can be public, private, or hybrid. Public clouds are owned by third-party providers and sold on-demand. Private clouds are owned and operated within a single organization. Hybrid clouds combine private and public cloud services and resources.
Cloud computing refers to computing done remotely over the internet rather than on local devices. It allows users to access applications from anywhere using web browsers or software. The cloud's capacity comes from vast server warehouses around the world. Popular cloud applications include Google Docs, YouTube, and Dropbox which allow file storage and sharing over the internet. As cloud computing grows, more companies are investing in building cloud data centers and services to meet rising demand.
Cloud Computing Contracts and Services: What's Really Happening Out There? T...Cloud Legal Project
Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud Computing Contracts and Services:
What's Really Happening Out There?", at the Sixth bi-annual conference on the economics of intellectual property, software and the Internet – Toulouse, Jan 2011
Data Protection Jurisdiction and International Transfers in Cloud ComputingCloud Legal Project
This document summarizes a presentation on data protection jurisdiction and international data transfers in cloud computing. It discusses how EU data protection laws apply based on the location of processing or establishment. It also examines how personal data can be legally transferred outside the EEA, such as through whitelisted countries, Safe Harbor, binding corporate rules, or model contract clauses. The challenges of ensuring adequate protection when data is stored in multiple locations or jurisdictions are also addressed.
Cloud Computing Contracts and Services: What’s Really Happening Out There?Cloud Legal Project
Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud Computing Contracts and Services: What’s Really Happening Out There?" at The University of Sheffield: School of Law, November 2010
Slides for talk by Prof Christopher Millard on "Cloud Computing: Opportunities and Risks" at the International Bar Association Annual Meeting 2010, Vancouver, Canada, October 2010
Slides for talk by Prof Chris Reed, Cloud Legal Project http://cloudlegalproject.org on who owns information in the cloud, at Cloud Computing: Legal, Organisational and Technological Issues conference, University of the West of England, on 23 February 2011, Bristol, UK.
Cloud computing is the practice of using remote servers on the Internet to store, manage, and process data rather than local servers or personal computers. It enables users to access computing resources like applications and data storage over the Internet. The main benefits are flexibility, scalability, and pay-per-use pricing. Cloud services can be public, private, or hybrid. Public clouds are owned by third-party providers and sold on-demand. Private clouds are owned and operated within a single organization. Hybrid clouds combine private and public cloud services and resources.
Cloud computing refers to computing done remotely over the internet rather than on local devices. It allows users to access applications from anywhere using web browsers or software. The cloud's capacity comes from vast server warehouses around the world. Popular cloud applications include Google Docs, YouTube, and Dropbox which allow file storage and sharing over the internet. As cloud computing grows, more companies are investing in building cloud data centers and services to meet rising demand.
Accenture 6 questions_executives_should_ask_about_cloud_computingNgy Ea
This document discusses six key questions that business executives should ask about cloud computing. The questions are: 1) What is it, and how does it work? 2) What specific benefits can clouds bring to my organization? 3) Can I depend on clouds to save my organization money? 4) How will clouds affect the way my organization competes? 5) What risks must my organization manage? By focusing on these questions, executives can evaluate cloud computing's opportunities and risks for their own organization in a timely and productive way.
The document discusses cloud computing and provides an overview of the topic. It defines cloud computing, discusses its evolution and drivers, provides examples of cloud computing models and components, reviews case studies, and outlines both the risks and approaches to mitigate risks of cloud computing. The presentation covers key aspects of cloud computing including definitions, characteristics, examples, deployment models, delivery models, benefits, risks at various levels (implementation, security, operational, regulatory), and
The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear but it refers to computing resources that are dynamically provisioned over the internet. Early concepts of cloud computing involved time-sharing mainframe computers in the 1950s and virtual machines in the 1970s. Telecommunications companies started offering virtual private networks in the 1990s. Grid computing, utility computing, SaaS, and cloud computing evolved the concept further, providing on-demand access to computing resources and applications delivered as a service.
F ernando sousa ibm_from hype to realiityEuroCloud
The document discusses cloud computing and its adoption. It notes that cloud computing provides on-demand access to configurable IT resources and services over the Internet with pay-per-use pricing. While security and privacy concerns are barriers, cost savings and faster access to resources and services are driving factors for companies considering cloud adoption. The document outlines IBM's six-step approach for organizations to get started with cloud computing.
Cloud computing refers to internet-based services and software hosted remotely. It allows ubiquitous access to data and applications from anywhere. There are several types of cloud services including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). While the cloud provides opportunities like reduced costs and access from anywhere, there are also concerns about security, dependence on large internet companies, and lack of control over data.
This document discusses cloud computing and its applications in libraries. It defines cloud computing as a model that enables on-demand access to shared computing resources like networks, servers, storage, and applications via the internet. The document outlines different types of cloud computing based on service models like IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS and deployment models like private, public, hybrid and community clouds. It discusses advantages like reduced costs and disadvantages like loss of data control. The document concludes that cloud computing can help libraries reduce costs and focus on services while providing anytime access to shared resources.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing and discusses various topics related to cloud computing including:
- How cloud computing works by storing data on servers that can be accessed over the internet.
- Different types of cloud data storage including individual, public, private, and hybrid cloud storage.
- How music cloud services work by either streaming music profiles or downloading files.
- The importance of data security in the cloud through firewalls, antivirus software, and network protocols.
- Key considerations for effective cloud storage management including storage levels, data isolation, and reporting tools.
The document defines cloud computing as using remote servers and the internet to maintain data and applications. It then discusses the history and concept of cloud computing dating back to the 1960s. Some key benefits mentioned are reduced costs, increased efficiency, and access from any device. The document also covers deployment models, applications, platforms, infrastructure, layers, uses, surveys of adoption rates, and criticisms around privacy, security, and legal issues. It concludes that cloud computing can have a big impact on businesses by freeing up resources to focus on innovation.
Cloud Computing for Universities Graduation ProjectMohamed Shorbagy
The document discusses a university project that aims to implement cloud computing services within the university. Specifically, the project will virtualize the university's datacenter using VMware and OpenStack solutions. This will provide virtual servers, desktops, and applications to researchers, students, and staff to facilitate research and education. The cloud services will reduce costs and complexity while improving flexibility, mobility, and sustainability. The project team has already transformed their faculty's datacenter and is providing virtual resources to researchers and graduation projects. They organized the first cloud computing conference in Egypt to promote research clouds.
Cloud Computing & ITSM - For Better of for Worse?ITpreneurs
his article explores the question whether the relationship will be “a marriage made in heaven?” It also explores the issue of “who is the bride and who is the groom?” As you read further, you can also decide whether the relationship between Cloud Computing and ITSM is “for better or for worse?”
The document introduces cloud computing and provides definitions from various sources. It describes cloud computing as IT services delivered over the internet, allowing users to access technology resources without knowledge of or control over the underlying infrastructure. The document also outlines different types of cloud computing and services, benefits of cloud computing for businesses and consumers, and challenges and opportunities for cloud adoption.
Collaboration In The Cloud PresentationPatrick Huang
The document discusses collaboration in cloud computing. It defines key cloud concepts like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Collaboration is described as interactions between parties working together towards a shared goal, with all parties benefiting. New technologies enable more collaboration opportunities between companies and individuals. The emergence of social media and networks will transform how businesses interact with customers and operate internally. Overall, cloud computing and new collaboration tools promise to revolutionize how organizations work and innovate through more open and connected models.
The document discusses the history, evolution, definitions, models, benefits, drawbacks and security issues related to cloud computing. It explains how cloud computing emerged from advances in broadband networks, computing power and the internet. The different types of cloud models - SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud and community cloud - are defined along with their characteristics.
There are many misconceptions surrounding Cloud Computing and what it has to offer.
Tell apart the facts from the myths with Cloud Computing Myth Busters and develop a deeper understanding of the Cloud.
Download Myth Busters >>
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its evolution, architecture, and deployment models. It discusses how cloud computing enables users to access shared computing resources like storage, software, and data via the internet rather than local machines. The architecture involves a front-end with user interfaces and back-end cloud infrastructure. Deployment models include public, private, community, and hybrid clouds that vary access levels and security. While the cloud offers benefits like reduced costs and access from anywhere, security and privacy concerns still make some companies hesitant to fully adopt cloud services.
This document is a seminar report on cloud computing submitted by Vishnuvarunan.T. It provides an introduction to cloud computing, discussing its key characteristics including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. It also covers cloud service models such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The document discusses cloud deployment models including private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud. It notes some benefits of cloud computing like cost savings and scalability, as well as challenges around security, privacy, lack of standards, and compliance concerns.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including:
- Definitions of cloud computing and its key characteristics like on-demand access and resource pooling.
- The history and evolution of cloud computing from the 1960s to present day.
- The three main types of cloud services: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
- Benefits of cloud computing like cost reduction, flexibility, and collaboration.
- Potential limitations around reliability and control.
- Examples of how big data and cloud computing are used in areas like customer analytics, healthcare, and financial trading.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Future Paradigm Shifts of the Cloud and Big Data: Security Impacts & New ...InnoTech
This document discusses the future impacts of cloud computing and big data on security strategies. It notes that the volume, velocity, and variety of information is growing exponentially and changing the security landscape. The talk will explore these changing technologies and paradigms, how they will impact security, and what needs to be done to manage associated risks. It provides an overview of key industry trends driving cloud computing and outlines some of the security challenges organizations will face from the growth of data and emerging technologies.
Accenture 6 questions_executives_should_ask_about_cloud_computingNgy Ea
This document discusses six key questions that business executives should ask about cloud computing. The questions are: 1) What is it, and how does it work? 2) What specific benefits can clouds bring to my organization? 3) Can I depend on clouds to save my organization money? 4) How will clouds affect the way my organization competes? 5) What risks must my organization manage? By focusing on these questions, executives can evaluate cloud computing's opportunities and risks for their own organization in a timely and productive way.
The document discusses cloud computing and provides an overview of the topic. It defines cloud computing, discusses its evolution and drivers, provides examples of cloud computing models and components, reviews case studies, and outlines both the risks and approaches to mitigate risks of cloud computing. The presentation covers key aspects of cloud computing including definitions, characteristics, examples, deployment models, delivery models, benefits, risks at various levels (implementation, security, operational, regulatory), and
The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear but it refers to computing resources that are dynamically provisioned over the internet. Early concepts of cloud computing involved time-sharing mainframe computers in the 1950s and virtual machines in the 1970s. Telecommunications companies started offering virtual private networks in the 1990s. Grid computing, utility computing, SaaS, and cloud computing evolved the concept further, providing on-demand access to computing resources and applications delivered as a service.
F ernando sousa ibm_from hype to realiityEuroCloud
The document discusses cloud computing and its adoption. It notes that cloud computing provides on-demand access to configurable IT resources and services over the Internet with pay-per-use pricing. While security and privacy concerns are barriers, cost savings and faster access to resources and services are driving factors for companies considering cloud adoption. The document outlines IBM's six-step approach for organizations to get started with cloud computing.
Cloud computing refers to internet-based services and software hosted remotely. It allows ubiquitous access to data and applications from anywhere. There are several types of cloud services including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). While the cloud provides opportunities like reduced costs and access from anywhere, there are also concerns about security, dependence on large internet companies, and lack of control over data.
This document discusses cloud computing and its applications in libraries. It defines cloud computing as a model that enables on-demand access to shared computing resources like networks, servers, storage, and applications via the internet. The document outlines different types of cloud computing based on service models like IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS and deployment models like private, public, hybrid and community clouds. It discusses advantages like reduced costs and disadvantages like loss of data control. The document concludes that cloud computing can help libraries reduce costs and focus on services while providing anytime access to shared resources.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing and discusses various topics related to cloud computing including:
- How cloud computing works by storing data on servers that can be accessed over the internet.
- Different types of cloud data storage including individual, public, private, and hybrid cloud storage.
- How music cloud services work by either streaming music profiles or downloading files.
- The importance of data security in the cloud through firewalls, antivirus software, and network protocols.
- Key considerations for effective cloud storage management including storage levels, data isolation, and reporting tools.
The document defines cloud computing as using remote servers and the internet to maintain data and applications. It then discusses the history and concept of cloud computing dating back to the 1960s. Some key benefits mentioned are reduced costs, increased efficiency, and access from any device. The document also covers deployment models, applications, platforms, infrastructure, layers, uses, surveys of adoption rates, and criticisms around privacy, security, and legal issues. It concludes that cloud computing can have a big impact on businesses by freeing up resources to focus on innovation.
Cloud Computing for Universities Graduation ProjectMohamed Shorbagy
The document discusses a university project that aims to implement cloud computing services within the university. Specifically, the project will virtualize the university's datacenter using VMware and OpenStack solutions. This will provide virtual servers, desktops, and applications to researchers, students, and staff to facilitate research and education. The cloud services will reduce costs and complexity while improving flexibility, mobility, and sustainability. The project team has already transformed their faculty's datacenter and is providing virtual resources to researchers and graduation projects. They organized the first cloud computing conference in Egypt to promote research clouds.
Cloud Computing & ITSM - For Better of for Worse?ITpreneurs
his article explores the question whether the relationship will be “a marriage made in heaven?” It also explores the issue of “who is the bride and who is the groom?” As you read further, you can also decide whether the relationship between Cloud Computing and ITSM is “for better or for worse?”
The document introduces cloud computing and provides definitions from various sources. It describes cloud computing as IT services delivered over the internet, allowing users to access technology resources without knowledge of or control over the underlying infrastructure. The document also outlines different types of cloud computing and services, benefits of cloud computing for businesses and consumers, and challenges and opportunities for cloud adoption.
Collaboration In The Cloud PresentationPatrick Huang
The document discusses collaboration in cloud computing. It defines key cloud concepts like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Collaboration is described as interactions between parties working together towards a shared goal, with all parties benefiting. New technologies enable more collaboration opportunities between companies and individuals. The emergence of social media and networks will transform how businesses interact with customers and operate internally. Overall, cloud computing and new collaboration tools promise to revolutionize how organizations work and innovate through more open and connected models.
The document discusses the history, evolution, definitions, models, benefits, drawbacks and security issues related to cloud computing. It explains how cloud computing emerged from advances in broadband networks, computing power and the internet. The different types of cloud models - SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud and community cloud - are defined along with their characteristics.
There are many misconceptions surrounding Cloud Computing and what it has to offer.
Tell apart the facts from the myths with Cloud Computing Myth Busters and develop a deeper understanding of the Cloud.
Download Myth Busters >>
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its evolution, architecture, and deployment models. It discusses how cloud computing enables users to access shared computing resources like storage, software, and data via the internet rather than local machines. The architecture involves a front-end with user interfaces and back-end cloud infrastructure. Deployment models include public, private, community, and hybrid clouds that vary access levels and security. While the cloud offers benefits like reduced costs and access from anywhere, security and privacy concerns still make some companies hesitant to fully adopt cloud services.
This document is a seminar report on cloud computing submitted by Vishnuvarunan.T. It provides an introduction to cloud computing, discussing its key characteristics including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. It also covers cloud service models such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The document discusses cloud deployment models including private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud. It notes some benefits of cloud computing like cost savings and scalability, as well as challenges around security, privacy, lack of standards, and compliance concerns.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including:
- Definitions of cloud computing and its key characteristics like on-demand access and resource pooling.
- The history and evolution of cloud computing from the 1960s to present day.
- The three main types of cloud services: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
- Benefits of cloud computing like cost reduction, flexibility, and collaboration.
- Potential limitations around reliability and control.
- Examples of how big data and cloud computing are used in areas like customer analytics, healthcare, and financial trading.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Future Paradigm Shifts of the Cloud and Big Data: Security Impacts & New ...InnoTech
This document discusses the future impacts of cloud computing and big data on security strategies. It notes that the volume, velocity, and variety of information is growing exponentially and changing the security landscape. The talk will explore these changing technologies and paradigms, how they will impact security, and what needs to be done to manage associated risks. It provides an overview of key industry trends driving cloud computing and outlines some of the security challenges organizations will face from the growth of data and emerging technologies.
The document discusses cloud computing, providing an overview of what it is, its history and evolution, characteristics, components, infrastructure models, commercial offerings, advantages, and disadvantages. Specifically, cloud computing is defined as a new class of network-based computing that takes place over the Internet, allowing users to access hardware and software services remotely via the web. The cloud's flexibility, scalability, and cost benefits are highlighted, though concerns around internet dependency, limited features, and data security are also summarized.
Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access files from any internet-connected device. It provides shared computing resources over a network on-demand as a utility. There are concerns around security and privacy as cloud providers have control over user data. However, new approaches around information-centric security aim to give more control to users. A shift to cloud computing could benefit large internet companies while traditional software producers may face challenges adapting. It remains to be seen if cloud computing will ultimately become the dominant IT model.
The Future Paradigm Shifts of the Cloud and Big Data: Security Impacts & New...InnoTech
This document discusses a presentation on the future impacts of cloud computing and big data on security. Some key points:
1. Cloud computing and big data are changing the technology landscape by increasing the volume, velocity, and variety of information. This is expanding the definition of security.
2. The presentation will explore these changes, emerging trends, impacts on security, and suggestions for managing risks.
3. Some impacts include security becoming more complex as data and infrastructure become more distributed, and new strategies are needed to address security in this changing environment.
The document discusses cloud computing, providing definitions and describing its evolution, service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS), deployment models (public, private, hybrid), and advantages/disadvantages. It defines cloud computing as on-demand access to shared pools of configurable computing resources via the internet. The three main service models are software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Public clouds are hosted by third parties, private clouds are operated solely by a single organization, and hybrid clouds combine public and private.
This presentation discusses moving enterprise IT to public cloud. It notes that enterprise IT organizations face complex environments, growing costs, and lack of resources. The cloud looks like an option to help address these issues and generate business advantage. While there are challenges with cloud adoption related to security, control, and trust, the presentation argues that cloud providers may offer greater availability, security, and efficiency than traditional IT environments through their large scale operations. It advocates a hybrid approach for enterprises, moving commodity services to public cloud while using private cloud for high value services and legacy systems, with a goal of saying goodbye to legacy over time.
Modern society is being transformed by cloud computing as it has revolutionized how we store and use data.
But what exactly is cloud computing? How does it benefit and how does it harm? How can it be classified?
Let's learn with the help of - https://qwikskills.com/
This document summarizes 10 key security concerns for cloud computing: 1) data location; 2) access controls; 3) regulatory requirements; 4) audit rights; 5) employee training; 6) data classification; 7) service level agreements; 8) long-term viability; 9) security breach response; and 10) disaster recovery plans. It also briefly outlines cloud computing models and benefits, as well as potential security attacks against cloud systems like denial of service attacks and authentication attacks.
The document provides an overview of cloud platforms and computing. It discusses how cloud computing aims to provide on-demand access to shared computing resources over a network in a self-service, elastic manner. The document outlines the key characteristics of cloud computing including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. It also discusses the different deployment models of private, public and hybrid clouds and how workloads can be delivered as a service through infrastructure, platform and software as a service models. The document argues that cloud computing addresses business needs for flexibility and efficiency while reducing IT costs.
The future of cloud computing is rapidly entering the phygital world. The cloud has turned out to be the foundation of a successful digital enterprise. However, only a few organizations have been able to optimize this powerful tool, and others misunderstood and underutilized this. Here is a complete guide on Cloud Computing. https://www.netsolutions.com/insights/what-is-cloud-computing/
The document discusses cloud computing, including what it is, how it developed, different types of cloud models and services. It defines cloud computing as using the internet to access software, applications and data storage hosted on servers in external data centers. Key points are that cloud computing builds on older distributed computing concepts, provides scalable resources on demand, and offers potential cost savings through efficient usage-based pricing models. Risks include security, confidentiality and integrity of data hosted externally.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing as an emerging technology. It defines cloud computing, explains the key components and models, identifies major players, and discusses the evolution and potential of the technology. Some of the main points covered include:
- Cloud computing delivers IT capabilities and services over the internet on a flexible, on-demand basis.
- Major players include Amazon, Google, Microsoft, IBM and startups.
- While limitations around security, control and reliability exist, cloud computing offers benefits like reduced costs, faster deployment, and scalability.
- The technology has evolved from earlier distributed computing concepts and is poised to further transform how businesses access technology resources.
What is Cloud Computing? A Complete GuideAlaina Carter
Cloud computing has become essential for digital transformation. It provides on-demand access to computing resources and helps businesses lower costs and gain flexibility. The major types of cloud include public, private, and hybrid clouds. Common cloud services are SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Leading cloud platforms that offer these services are AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud. Migrating applications and workloads to the cloud requires careful planning and strategies like rehosting, refactoring, revising, rebuilding, and replacing to ensure success.
International journal of computer science and innovation vol 2015-n2-paper2sophiabelthome
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, defining it as a model where applications and data are hosted on remote servers that can be accessed from anywhere via the internet. Key points made include:
- Cloud computing allows users to access files and programs from any device with an internet connection.
- Data and applications are stored on servers that make up the "cloud" rather than individual computers.
- Cloud computing offers benefits like collaboration, mobility, and scalability of resources.
This document discusses cloud computing. It begins with an introduction that defines cloud computing and outlines some of its key attributes and capabilities. It then discusses several aspects of cloud computing including cloud storage services, frameworks, architectures, and layers. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing, as well as threats and opportunities presented by the cloud. It concludes with a comparison table of several representative cloud platforms.
The document traces the history of cloud computing from early precursors in the 1960s involving timesharing mainframe computers through the development of virtualization, web-based apps, and major cloud platforms from Amazon, Google, IBM and others in the 2000s and 2010s. Key developments include Project MAC in 1963, ARPANET in 1969, virtualization in the 1970s-90s, Amazon Web Services in 2006, Google Docs and Netflix streaming in 2007, and increased focus on security in cloud services from 2014 onward.
Cloud computing is a model that enables on-demand access to shared computing resources like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and intelligence over the Internet. It allows users to access applications from anywhere rather than installing them on their own computers. While cloud computing provides benefits like reduced costs, increased flexibility and collaboration, it also poses security risks since data is stored externally on the Internet and controlled by third-party providers.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
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Cloud computing: identifying and managing legal risks
1. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Google / Oxford Internet Institute Brussels, 8 February 2011
Cloud computing: identifying and managing legal risks
Professor Christopher Millard
Queen Mary, University of London / c.millard@qmul.ac.uk
Oxford Internet Institute / christopher.millard@oii.ox.ac.uk
Some questions we will tackle today…
• Why is cloud computing such a hot topic?
• Is cloud computing ‘mature’ and is it ‘safe’?
• Who is responsible for data in clouds?
• What should you watch out for in ‘off the shelf’ cloud contracts?
• Can you negotiate custom deals for cloud computing?
• Whose laws apply if you have a cloud dispute?
• Can you control where your data are stored in clouds?
• What practical steps can be taken to manage cloud-related risks?
• And finally… “What’s the forecast?”
Christopher Millard 1
2. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
But first… what is cloud computing?
• It usually involves the provision of scalable IT resources (data storage,
application hosting, etc.) on demand, delivered via the Internet
• As many concepts and definitions as cloud vendors, consultants and
researchers but a common starting point is often this Gartner definition:
“A style of computing where scalable and elastic IT capabilities are
provided as a service to multiple customers using Internet technologies”
• Prominent examples include:
• Amazon Web Services
• Gmail and GoogleApps
• IBM Smart Business + CloudBurst (previously Blue Cloud)
• Microsoft Hotmail + Office 365 + Windows Azure
• Safesforce.com
• AND …Facebook, Apple, PayPal and other cloud app platform providers
Why is cloud computing such a hot topic?
• Various factors are transforming remote computing, including
high-bandwidth low-cost connectivity, development of large server
farms and enabling techniques such as virtualisation and sharding
• In the current economic climate, cloud computing may be
attractive as a means of:
• achieving rapid outsourcing efficiencies
• cost reduction / converting capex to opex
• simplifying hardware and software maintenance
• smoothing fluctuations in demand levels
• delivering public sector services more efficiently, see eg.
In the UK - Digital Britain and the G-Cloud
In the US - apps.gov
Christopher Millard 2
3. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
So, everyone must think cloud computing is great!
“It’s stupidity. It’s worse than stupidity: it’s a marketing hype campaign”
Richard Stallman (Founder of the Free Software Foundation)
“If you believe the hype, cloud computing is the future. Hype aside, cloud
computing is nothing new.”
Bruce Schneier, writing in the Guardian, June 2009
“‘Cloud computing’ takes hold as 69% of all internet users have either stored
data online or used a web-based software application”
Pew Internet & American Life Project, September 2008
“The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that gets geeks
excited. It will undoubtedly transform the information technology industry, but it
will also profoundly change the way people work and companies operate. It
will allow digital technology to penetrate every nook and cranny of the
economy and of society, creating some tricky political problems along the way.”
The Economist, October 2008
Christopher Millard 3
4. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Is cloud computing ‘mature’ and is it ‘safe’?
• Some vendors are major players with resilient service offerings backed
by robust Service Level Agreements (SLAs)
• Cloud processes may be more secure than local processing, especially
for SMEs and individuals (and, history suggests, some governments!)
• Plenty of cloud offerings are, however, provided by startups which may,
or may not, prove to be reliable
• Many cloud services, both consumer and business, are launched while
still in development and are often provided long-term on an “as is” basis
remaining in ‘Beta’ for a very long time
• Many services, again both consumer and business, are wholly
dependent on third-party owned / controlled infrastructure
• So … whether a particular cloud computing service arrangement is
appropriate in a particular case will depend on many factors
Some key concepts and terminology…
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) = delivery of servers, software, storage,
etc as a fully outsourced service, typically billed on a utility computing
basis (eg. Amazon Web Services)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) = web-based environment for developing
applications (eg. Microsoft Azure or Force.com which provides a set of
tools and applications for customising the Salesforce.com apps)
• Software as a Service (SaaS) (eg. Oracle CRM on demand)
• Storage as a Service (also SaaS!) = convenient way of storing / backing-
up data online (eg. box.net)
• Virtualisation = many things but in this context mainly involves multiple
“virtual machines” running on shared hardware via the Internet
• Private, Community, Public and Hybrid Clouds
Christopher Millard 4
5. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
The public / private cloud mix…
Do things actually go wrong?
Christopher Millard 5
6. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Do things actually go wrong?
What happened?
[Ma.gnolia founder] Halff informed users that a specialist had been unable to
recover any data from the corrupted hard drive. “Unfortunately, database file
recovery has been unsuccessful and I won’t be able to recover members’
bookmarks from the Ma.gnolia database,” he wrote.
With the benefit of hindsight…
• It turns out that Ma.gnolia was pretty much a one-man operation, running
on two Mac OS X servers and four Mac minis
• Don’t assume that online services have plenty of staff, lots of servers and
secure backups. If it matters, take due diligence + contracts seriously
Cloud services and data can indeed evaporate…
On 2 March 2010, G.ho.st sent this email to its users:
Dear Ghost User
We hope you have been enjoying our free Ghost service. Regrettably
changes in the marketplace mean that it is no longer economical for us
to host the Ghost service and we will be closing down the service on or
around March 15. We will instead be focusing on licensing or selling our
technology to larger companies.
We advise you to migrate ALL important folders, files and emails to another
secure place before March 15. You might like to consider Google Docs
or Microsoft SkyDrive for files and services such as Gmail or Yahoo!
Mail for email. Some instructions for migrating data are included below.
We are really sorry for any inconvenience this may cause you and are
very grateful for the fantastic support we had from our community.
Christopher Millard 6
7. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Major cloud players have substantial infrastructure…
• Massive data centres are being built, often containing sealed
shipping containers, themselves containing pre-configured
servers: “The trucks back ’em in, rack ’em and stack ’em”
(Ray Ozzie: Microsoft’s Chief Software Architect)
• Huge requirements for power / cooling / connectivity
• Google has patented a “water-based data center” - a system
that includes “a floating platform-mounted computer data center
comprising a plurality of computing units, a sea-based electrical
generator in electrical connection with the plurality of computing
units, and one or more sea-water cooling units for providing
cooling to the plurality of computing units.”
So, jus
So just when we thought we had
identified all the technical,
commercial and legal risks
associated with outsourcing and
offshore data processing …
…we have to tackle maritime law
…and the risk of meeting real
pirates on the high seas!
Christopher Millard 7
8. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
“Contracts for clouds: comparison and analysis of the
terms and conditions of cloud computing services”,
Bradshaw, Millard & Walden (2010)
• Work began as a data gathering exercise to support analysis of specific
legal issues relating to cloud computing
• It quickly became clear that examination and assessment of the terms
and conditions would be a substantial exercise in its own right
• We reviewed 31 sets of standard T&Cs (defined broadly)
• An initial overview survey highlighted 20 main categories into which
T&C elements fell
• Each set of T&C was then mapped against these categories
• During the detailed analysis further patterns emerged
“Contracts for clouds” (continued)
• Hypothesis = that where significant variations exist between terms of
service, differences would correlate significantly to:
• Type of service
• Target market
• Commercial and technological legacy (if any) of the provider
• Key findings include:
• The T&C for particular services could be predicted in advance to a
significant extent based on the variables above
• The relative immaturity of the market for cloud computing services
is reflected in contracts that are currently in widespread use which
include many clauses that appear to be inappropriate and / or
unenforceable and in some cases illegal
• Cloud infrastructure and services are often complex (often with
multiple dependencies) and few contracts reflect this adequately
Christopher Millard 8
9. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
‘Off the shelf’ cloud computing arrangements
• Many cloud service providers use ‘click-wrap’ terms of business
• Such terms of business sometimes state, for example, that:
• the service provider has minimal, or even no, liability for loss or
damage caused by failure of the cloud computing service
• subcontracting may be unrestricted
• the service may be modified or be discontinued without cause,
without notice and without liability to users
• customers may have limited / no ability to recover data following
termination of service
• Depending on the circumstances, the enforceability of some of
these terms may be subject to challenge (!)
Who is responsible for data in clouds?
“...you acknowledge that you bear sole responsibility for
adequate security, protection and backup of Your Content and
Applications. We strongly encourage you, where available and
appropriate, to (a) use encryption technology to protect Your
Content from unauthorized access, (b) routinely archive Your
Content, and (c) keep your Applications or any software that you
use or run with our Services current with the latest security
patches or updates. We will have no liability to you for any
unauthorized access or use, corruption, deletion, destruction or
loss of any of Your Content or Applications.”
Q. Will that be good enough?
A. It depends what you are going to use the service for (and how)
Christopher Millard 9
10. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
What about disclosure of your data to third parties?
Would you feel more comfortable signing up to this…
“The Receiving Party [Salesforce.com] may disclose Confidential
Information of the Disclosing Party [the customer] if it is compelled by
law to do so, provided the Receiving Party gives the Disclosing Party
prior notice of such compelled disclosure (to the extent legally
permitted) and reasonable assistance, at the Disclosing Party's cost, if
the Disclosing Party wishes to contest the disclosure.”
… or this?
“You authorize ADrive to disclose any information about You to law
enforcement or other government officials as ADrive, in its sole
discretion, believes necessary, prudent or appropriate, in connection
with an investigation of fraud, intellectual property infringement, or other
activity that is illegal or may expose ADrive to legal liability.”
Whose laws apply if you have a cloud dispute?
Choice
of
law
specified
by
cloud
provider…
Number
*
US
State:
California
(most
common),
Massachuse6s
(Akamai),
15
Washington
(Amazon),
Utah
(Decho),
Texas
(The
Planet)
English
law,
probably
because
service
provider
based
there
4
English
law,
for
customers
in
Europe
/
EMEA
4
Other
EU
jurisdicAons
(for
European
customers):
eg.
Ireland
(Apple),
2
Luxembourg
(some
MicrosoN
services)
ScoBsh
law
(Flexiant)
1
The
customer’s
local
law
2
No
choice
of
law
expressed
or
implied,
or
ambiguous
choice
3
(eg.
“UK
Law”
for
g.ho.st)
*
Number
in
each
category
is
out
of
31
contracts
analysed
by
QMUL
Cloud
Legal
Project
h?p://www.cloudlegal.ccls.qmul.ac.uk/
Christopher Millard 10
11. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Can you control where your data are stored in clouds?
• It depends!
• Some service providers can’t, for technical reasons, or won’t, for
commercial reasons, let you choose
• Other service providers are designing their clouds so as to offer customers
a choice between ‘regions’ (eg. Amazon Web Services)
• Other service providers, if asked, say they currently store customer data
by default in the customer’s local region (eg. Decho Mozy Inc)
• Geolocation may become a critical differentiator for customers concerned
about where their data are stored (eg. because of disclosure risks
associated with litigation or regulators) or subject to restrictions on data
transfers (such as national rules based on Articles 25 + 26 of the DP Dir.)
• An amorphous cloud may not be appropriate for regulated data, eg. if you
don’t know where the data will be processed and by whom
Contracting in the clouds: custom deals
• Although not generally advertised, major cloud vendors with
standard contracts are prepared to go off piste if a deal merits it
• One-off contracts are usually confidential but…
• A high-profile negotiated deal, for which extensive documentation
has been published, is the CSC / Google / City of LA transaction.
This includes provisions that appear to depart in significant ways
from Google’s ‘standard’ position, including:
“Google agrees to store and process Customer’s email and Google
Message Discovery (GMD) data only in the continental United States. As
soon as it shall become commercially feasible, Google shall store and
process all other Customer Data, from any other Google Apps
applications, only in the continental United States.” (cl. 1.7)
Christopher Millard 11
12. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Practical tips for managing cloud-related risks…
• Read the contract! (inc. TOS, T&C, SLA, Privacy Policy, AUP, etc)
• Consider due diligence questions like these…
• Is the infrastructure multi-layered and, if so, in what way?
• Where will your data be processed (inc. storage / replication)?
• Who is running the critical infrastructure (and from where)?
• How easily can third parties get access to your data?
• What happens if your cloud provider / their provider goes bust?
• How easily could you move your data to another cloud service
(or back to your own systems) and how long would it take?
• How confident are you that you could regain control of your data
without leaving behind copies and / or key metadata?
Forecast: cloudy and changeable… but bright!
• Putting data / processes into clouds may save money and facilitate risk
management but it may also have unintended adverse effects
• Physical location can remain highly significant in virtual environments and
legal / regulatory obligations certainly don’t end when data are handed
over to one or more cloud service providers
• Some cloud service providers are much more sophisticated than others in
terms of security (eg. encryption options) and facilitating compliance (eg.
providing commitments regarding data location, if required, and support
for audit, mandatory disclosure processes, etc)
• Risks of compelled disclosure and other external disruptions are real –
eg. SWIFT and now Wikileaks (involving Amazon / PayPal / Twitter / etc)
• It may take some time and effort to get regulators (privacy and others)
comfortable with specific cloud arrangements
• Cloud contracts may evolve rapidly in response to competitive positioning,
customer demands and interventions by regulators and courts
Christopher Millard 12
13. Google / OII, Brussels 8 Feb 2011 Cloud computing
Thanks for listening!
Any questions…
‘Contracts for Clouds’ is at:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1662374
http://www.cloudlegal.ccls.qmul.ac.uk/
Google / Oxford Internet Institute Brussels, 8 February 2011
Cloud computing: identifying and managing legal risks
Professor Christopher Millard
Queen Mary, University of London / c.millard@qmul.ac.uk
Oxford Internet Institute / christopher.millard@oii.ox.ac.uk
Christopher Millard 13