clinical evalaution of Lacrimal system for undergraduate
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The document summarizes key aspects of the lacrimal system and dry eye. It describes the anatomy of the lacrimal gland and accessory glands that secrete tear fluid. It discusses causes of dry eye such as reduced tear production or altered tear film composition. Symptoms of dry eye like burning, foreign body sensation, and excess tearing are outlined. Tests to evaluate the lacrimal system like fluorescein dye disappearance, Jones I and II, and dacryocystography are summarized. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants and acute dacryocystitis are also briefly discussed.
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Anatomy of lacrimal apparatus
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal apparatus. It discusses the following key points:
- The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal gland and associated drainage system for tear production and transport.
- The main structures are the lacrimal gland, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. Tears drain from the puncta through these structures and into the nose.
- The lacrimal gland secretes tears in response to sensory nerve stimulation. Contraction of surrounding muscles aids in drainage and prevents backflow through the puncta.
- Obstruction at any point can cause excess tearing (epiphora) by
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This document discusses the evaluation and management of lacrimal drainage system disorders. It covers topics such as:
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#Mero #Eye #Meroeye #Optometry #visionScience #optometrist #EyeCarePractisners #OptometryStudents EyeDoctors #EyeHealth #EyeCare #Learning #Academy #education #YoungOptometrists
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anatomy and physiology of lacrimal apparatus ppt
This document summarizes key aspects of the lacrimal system including its embryology, anatomy, physiology and role in tear formation and drainage. It discusses the lacrimal gland, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct and meibomian glands. It also describes the layers of the tear film - glycocalyx, mucous, aqueous and lipid layers - and their functions in lubricating and protecting the eye. The document is a comprehensive overview of the lacrimal system and tear film.
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The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal apparatus. It discusses the following key points:
- The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal gland and associated drainage system for tear production and transport.
- The main structures are the lacrimal gland, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. Tears drain from the puncta through these structures and into the nose.
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anatomy and physiology of lacrimal apparatus ppt
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2) Each space has distinct boundaries and contents, and different types of tumors typically arise in the various spaces. For example, dermoid cysts and epidermoid cysts arise in the subperiosteal space.
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This document outlines various tests that can be used to assess the patency of the lacrimal drainage system, including clinical examination, the ROPLAS test, fluorescein dye disappearance test, probing, lacrimal syringing, Jones tests I and II, dacryocystography, and lacrimal scintillography. These tests help determine if watering of the eyes is caused by excess tear secretion or defective drainage, and can identify the location and cause of any obstructions within the lacrimal drainage system.
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- Angle closure glaucoma which can be pre-trabecular, trabecular, or post-trabecular
- Neovascular glaucoma which involves the growth of new blood vessels in the angle
- Pigmentary and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma caused by pigment dispersion and buildup
- Lens-induced glaucoma from phacolytic mechanisms, particles, or phacoanaphylaxis
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Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage of glaucoma but
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1) Evaluation of the lacrimal apparatus involves distinguishing anatomical obstruction from functional disorders through tests of tear production, nasolacrimal system patency, and tear drainage.
2) Key examination techniques include dye excretion tests to evaluate drainage function, diagnostic probing and syringing to locate obstructions, and tests of lacrimal pump function like the snap-back test.
3) Causes of epiphora include congenital or acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, dacryocystolithiasis, trauma, infections, and functional issues affecting the lacrimal pump mechanism.
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Physiology of the Eyelids and Lacrimal Pump/ Methods of Examination
This document discusses the physiology and examination of the eyelids. It covers eyelid anatomy, functions, eyelid movement, lacrimal drainage system, and methods of examination. The key points are:
- The eyelids function to protect the eye, maintain the tear film and position of the globe. Their movement is controlled by muscles innervated by cranial nerves.
- The lacrimal drainage system drains tears from the eye through puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. Obstructions can cause tearing.
- Examination of the eyelids includes measurements, tests of eyelid function, and probing/irrigating the lacrimal system to locate ob
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The document discusses dry eye disease. Some key points:
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- The tear film consists of an outer lipid layer, middle aqueous layer, and inner mucin layer which together form a smooth optical surface and protect the cornea.
- Dry eye is caused by tear film instability and hyperosmolarity due to deficiencies or abnormalities in the tear film layers. Common types are aqueous deficiency dry eye and evaporative dry eye.
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clinical evalaution of Lacrimal system for undergraduate
- 1. By/Mohamed Ahmed El –Shafie Assistant Lecturer in ophthalmology department KafrELShiekh University
- 2. The lacrimal system consists of two parts: • Structures that secrete tear fluid. • Structures that facilitate tear drainage. LACRIMAL SYSTEM
- 4. It lies beneath the superior temporal margin of the orbital bone in the lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone It is neither visible nor palpable A palpable lacrimal gland is usually a sign of a pathologic change such as dacryoadenitis or tumors. LACRIMAL GLAND ANATOMY
- 5. Several tiny accessory lacrimal glands (glands of Krause and Wolfring) located in the superior fornix secrete additional serous tear fluid. ACCESSORY LACRIMAL GLAND
- 9. may be due to one of two causes: • Reduced tear production (such as Sjögren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis) or atrophy or destruction of the lacrimal gland. • Altered composition of the tear film due to vitamin A deficiency, medications (such as oral contraceptives), or certain environmental influences (such as nicotine smoking, or air conditioning). DRY EYE
- 10. Bitot’s spots: interpalpebral conjunctival foamy patches associated with severe vitamin A & xerophthalmia
- 11. Patients complain of • Burning, reddened eyes. •excessive lacrimation (reflex lacrimation) from slight environmental causes such as wind, cold, low humidity, or reading for an extended period of time. • A foreign body sensation is also present. • Vision is usually minimally compromised . DRY EYE SYMPTOMS
- 21. FLUORESCEIN DYE DISAPPEARANCE TEST Instill 2 drops of fluorescein dye in the conjunctival sac and observe after 2 minutes Normally no dye is seen Prolonged retention of dye indicate inadequate drainage
- 22. JONES TEST I Instill 2 drops 2% fluorescein dye in the conjunctival sac, place a cotton bud dipped in 1% xylocaine in the inferior meatus, inspect the bud after 5 minutes. Positive test- patent passages (may be hypersecretion) No staining- Negative test
- 23. JONES TEST II If Jones I is negative, do Jones II Place a bud similarly and perform lacrimal syringing Positive test- lacrimal pump failure Negative test- mechanical obstruction
- 24. DACRYOCYSTOGRAPHY To visualize the passage and know the exact site, nature and extent of block. Inject radioopaque material in the sac. Take X-rays after 5 and 30 minutes
- 25. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction Delayed canalization Can be bilateral Reflux of purulent material from punctum
- 29. Acute dacryocystitis Acute inflammation of sac or pericystic area leading to acute pain, swelling, redness and watering from the eye. No interference like syringing,probing etc.
- 32. QuizSigns of acute dacryocystitis: Dry eyes Painless swelling Redness &Watering Nasolacrimal duct opens-in the nose- at: Superior meatus Middle meatus Inferior meatus