anatomy of the middle ear, cochlear implantation, posterior tympanotomy, stapedotomi, facial nerve, internal carotid artery,

1. Clinical anatomy of the middle ear Maciej Wróbel, M.D. [email_address]

2. Left ear – antromastoidectomy, canal wall up technique SS MFD EAC LSC Sigmoid sinus Middle fossa dura Lateral Semicircular Canal External auditory canal CI electrode, Cochlear, Nucleus AC

3. Left ear EAC Sigmoid sinus Posterior tympanotomy incus Facial nerve LSC Emissary vein Electrode Nucleus, Contur Advanced Digastric ridge

4. Left ear External auditory canal Sigmoid sinus Posterior tympanotomy Incus Facial nerve LSC Emissary vein Electrode Nucleus, Contur Advanced Digastric ridge

5. Left ear – transmeatal approach Posterior tympanomeatal flap Cochleostomy - electrode Nucleus Contur Advanced Cochlear Chorda tympani - excised Footplate of the stapes prosthesis Long process of the incus

6. Left ear – Facial nerve anatomy cochleostomy Internal auditory canal Facial nerve Internal carotid artery 1 2 Geniculate ganglion 3 4 SS MFD PFD Compressed sigmoid sinus Posterior fossa dura Location of the endolymphatic sac

7. Left ear Facial nerve SS MFD FN gg PFD IAC gg Geniculate ganglion Internal auditory canal

8. Left ear, tympanic cavity, facial nerve, cochlearifor process cochleostomy Mastoid cavity Aditus ad antrum Estachian tube Tensor tympani muscle Geniculate ganglion Facial nerve Cochleariform process – topographic landmark for facial nerve which runs just above promontory

9. Left ear Eustachian tube Tensor tympani cochleostomy FN Cochleariform process ICA Internal carotid artery Commor cavity – access to the piramid apex