this prsentation incluses HRCT temportal bone cross sectional anatomy images axial saggital and coronal with labelled diagram. This presentation help alot for radiology resident. Thanks.
this prsentation incluses HRCT temportal bone cross sectional anatomy images axial saggital and coronal with labelled diagram. This presentation help alot for radiology resident. Thanks.
Lateral skull base anatomy and applied science by Dr, bomkar bamBomkar Bam
the lateral skull base is complex anatomy that is usually students finds difficult to understand. here concise literature is made to understand the skull base more easily.
Imaging of paranasal sinuses (including anatomy and varaints)pk1 pdf pptDr pradeep Kumar
This is very good powerpoint presentation of imaging anatomy and variants of paranasal sinuses and imaging pathology as well as multiple pathological imaging findings and images.it will helps for radiologist and radiology resident and even ent resident. our references is CT and mri whole body by Haaga and various internet sources. THANKS.
Ct anatomy of paranasal sinuses( PNS) pk.pdf pptDr pradeep Kumar
This presentation includes cross sectional anatomy like axial,saggital and coronal images of paranasal sinuses and most important variation of paranasal sinus.This help alot. Must read topic for radiology resident. Thanks
Lateral skull base anatomy and applied science by Dr, bomkar bamBomkar Bam
the lateral skull base is complex anatomy that is usually students finds difficult to understand. here concise literature is made to understand the skull base more easily.
Imaging of paranasal sinuses (including anatomy and varaints)pk1 pdf pptDr pradeep Kumar
This is very good powerpoint presentation of imaging anatomy and variants of paranasal sinuses and imaging pathology as well as multiple pathological imaging findings and images.it will helps for radiologist and radiology resident and even ent resident. our references is CT and mri whole body by Haaga and various internet sources. THANKS.
Ct anatomy of paranasal sinuses( PNS) pk.pdf pptDr pradeep Kumar
This presentation includes cross sectional anatomy like axial,saggital and coronal images of paranasal sinuses and most important variation of paranasal sinus.This help alot. Must read topic for radiology resident. Thanks
Skull base tumors & perineural spread radiology pptDr pradeep Kumar
Skull base tumors & perineural spread radiology ppt This powerpoint presentation includes important anatomy and important pathology of skull base lesion with its imaging feature as well as its ct mri image. This will help alot. this will help for radiology resident as well as ent .
Overview of role of imaging in different intraconal and extraconal pathologies including infective,inflammatory and neoplastic pathologies.Also included is insight into anatomy,trauma,post operative imaging and certain miscellaneous disorders
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Imaging of the temporal bone
1. Kanu Lal Saha
Associate Professor
Otology Division
Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Imaging of the Temporal Bone
The eyes do not see when brain does not know
2. Squamous: Forms lateral wall of middle cranial fossa
Mastoid: Areated posterolateral part
Petrous: Pyramiadal shape medial part containing inner ear, internal
auditory canal and petrous apex.
Tympanic: U-shaped bone forming bony EAC.
Styloid: Forms styloid process after birth.
TEMPORAL BONE
3. Major components of Temporal bone
External auditory canal(EAC)
Middle ear-mastoid(ME-M)
Inner Ear(IE)
Petrous apex(PA)
Internal auditory canal
Facial nerve
Petrous internal carotid
artery(ICA)
4. Imaging Anatomy-Middle Ear-Mastoid
Epitympanum(attic): Middle ear above the line from scutal tip to
tympanic CN7
Tegmen tympani: Roof of middle ear cavity
Prussak space: Lateral epitympanic recess
Mesotympanum: Middle ear proper
Posterior wall: 3 key structures
Facial recess, pyramiadal eminence, sinus tympani
Medial wall: Lateral semicircular canal, tympanic segment
CN7,oval window and round window
Hypotympanum: shallow trough in floor of middle ear
Mastoid sinus: 3 Key structures
Aditus ad antrum: Connects epitympanum to mastoid antrum
Mastoid antrum: large cetral mastoid air cell
Koerner septum: Part of petrosquamosal suture running
posterolaterally through mastoid air cells.
5. Imaging Anatomy(Inner Ear)
Bony labyrinth: Bone confining cochlea, vestibule and
semicircular canals
Perilymphatic spaces
Perilymph
Membranous labyrinth
Vestibule: (utricle and sacule),semicircular ducts,scala
media of cochlea,endolymphatic duct and sac
Endolymph
Cochlea: 2 ½ turn,modiolus,3 spiral chambers(scala
tympani,scala vestibule and scala media)
Semicircular canals:
SSCC: projects cphalad;bony ridge over SSCC in in roof of
petrous pyramid
LSCC: Projects into middle ear with tympanic CN7 on under side
PSCC: Projects posteriorly parallel to petrous ridge
9. Imaging Tools
• CT Scan
Conventional CT Scan- High resolution multidetector CT
Cone beam CT
-it employs cone-shaped beam of X-rays
- A single rotation of gantry is sufficient
- Low radiation dose though high spatial resolution.
- Acquisition time is long
- Prone to motion artifacts
• MRI
Conventional(T1,T2)
Diffusion weighted Imaging(DWI-EPI and Non-EPI)
10. Imaging technique CT Scan
• Fine section - .5 mm to 1 mm thickness.
• Axial scan –
Top of petrous apex to inferior tip of mastoid parallel to infraorbitomeatal line
• Coronal scan-
Coronal images are reconstructed from axial images
• Three-dimensional (3D)Image
Depict complex anatomy
• High spatial resolution bone algorithm
• Non-contrast scan in most instances
• Contrast scan in some conditions –
Tumor, vascular lesion, abscess formation, sigmoid sinus thrombosis,
intracranial spread of disease.
15. How to read CT Temporal Bone
Patient Data (Name & ID No.)
Date of CT Scan
Type of CT Scan
Size of Cuts ( + Contrast)
Bone window verses soft tissue
16. Evaluation of CT Temporal Bone
Normal anatomy
Normal variants (comparing both side)
Pathology
17. Things to look for CT Scan
Degree and pneumatization of temporal bone
air cell
Position of tegmen,sinus plate,jugular bulb,
carotid canal ,facial nerve
Cochlear nerve and labyrinthine patency
Disease extensions
Evidence of previous surgery
29. CT findings in Pathological condition
Involvement of bony outline of EAC, middle ear and
mastoid, ossicular chain, inner ear, and facial nerve canal
Identification of masses or opacification within temporal bone
area
Difficult to differentiate between different type of
opacity such as fluid or cholesteatoma,cholesterol
granuloma,granulation tissue or malignancy.
49. Aural mass
Retrotympanic mass
An auricular mass in EAC
Retrotympanic lesion on otoscopy
CT and MRI are complementary.
Contrast-enhanced MRI –
if the CT findings raise concern for a neoplasm
90. Granulation Tissue / Cholesterol
Granuloma/Cholesteatoma/Effusion
Appears at CT as nonspecific, nondependent radiopacity
Granulation tissue enhances intensely with gadolinium on T1-weighted MR images
Cholesteatoma no enhancement with gadolinium on T1-weighted MR images
Cholesterol granuloma has bright signal on all pulse sequences
100. Conclusion
Inappropriate report misleads the surgeon
Poor image involves wastage of money and radiation hazard
Otologist must know the basics of temporal bone imaging
Radiologist should be aware of expected and useful reporting
Radiologist and Otologist should be always in compliance to get
the real benefit of this excellent tool
101. THANK YOU
Otology Dr Kanu BMMU Bangladesh
www.drkanuotology.com
drklsaha@gmail.com