This document presents information on a credit seminar about climate smart aquaculture and advisory services. It contains an introduction stating the objective is to assess the impact of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture and implement better farming technologies. It then discusses topics like food security, climate change causes and impacts, the role of aquaculture in climate change, climate smart aquaculture practices and technologies, supporting institutions, advisory services, and conclusions.

1. Credit Seminar(Master Seminar)
Climate Smart Aquaculture(CSA) and Advisory Services
Title:
Name -Vinod Kumar
Admission No: FEX-01/21
College of Fisheries Lembuchhera, Agartala
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES EXTENSION, ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
Presented by:-

2. Advisory Committee
Dr. J. K. Chauhan
Professor
Dept. of Fisheries Extension, Economics And Statistics
Dr. Biswajit Lahiri
Head of Department,
Dept. of Fisheries
Extension, Economics and
Statistics
Dr. Anil Datt Upadhyay
Associate Professor
Dept. of Fisheries
Extension, Economics and
Statistics
Dr. Prasenjit Pal
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Fisheries
Extension, Economics
and Statistics
Dr. Pradyut Biswas
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Aquaculture
Chairperson
Members

3. Contents
 Introduction and Objective
 Food Security
 What is Climate Change?
 Causes of climate change
 Role of Aquaculture on Climate Change
 Climate Change and Aquaculture
 Climate Smart Aquaculture(CSA)
 Climate Smart Fish farming Technology
 Supporting Institution on CSA
 CSA in India
 Advisory Services
 Conclusion
 References

4. Change is nature’s law, it is inevitable, and if it is by the virtue of nature is
welcome.
Agriculture/ aquaculture is also prone to the climate change which directly
and indirectly affecting the farming practices and crops yields.
Farmers face many problem due to climate change.
Introduction

5. Objective of the Study
The study aims to assess the impact of climate change on fisheries and
aquaculture
To implement better farming technology for climate resilient aquaculture .
Role of advisory services in adopting CSA

6. Food Security
“Food security exists when al people, at all time, have physical,
social and economic access to sufficient,
safe and nutritious food which meets their
dietary needs and food preferences for
an active and healthy life”
-World Food Summit, 1996
Sources: FAO, 2012

7. Source: Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook, FAO-2013
To nourish another 2 billion people in 2050, food production must rise by 60%
But the way we produce more food cannot be at the expense of the planet
We face a major challenge in feeding an expanding world population

8. What is Climate Change?
Climate change refers to the variation in the earth’s global climate or
regional climate over time.
 UNFCC define climate change as “a change of climate which is
attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alter the composition
of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time of period”

9. Causes of Climate Change(1/2)
Climate can change due to natural processes (bio-geographical) and human activities
(anthropogenic).
Climate change
Man made causes
1. Industrial pollution
4. Agriculture
3. Deforestation
2. The burning of fossil fuel
Natural Causes
1. Continental drift
2. Volcanoes
4. Ocean current
3.The earth tilt

10. The annual mean minimum water temperature in the upper colder stretch of
river Ganga at Haridwar during the period 1980-2009 increased by 0.99ºc.
(Sharma et al., 2015)
Globally, oceans have absorbed more than 93% of heat and over 26% of
carbon dioxide produced by anthropogenic sources, contributing to rising sea
levels, more frequent disease outbreaks, acidification of sea water (Laffoley
and Baxter, 2016).
The annual mean temperature in Maharashtra is projected to increase by
around 1.3-1.5˚C by the 2030s; the projected increase in monsoon rainfall by
the 2030s ranges from 13-30% across the state (IPCC, 2014).
Causes of Climate Change(2/2)

11. Role of Aquaculture in Climate Change
Aquaculture also contribute significant role in climate change with the expansion of
aquaculture and mariculture emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) which
contribute to global warming and climate change is increases.(Mazzola et al., 2000).
Fig: Biogeochemical processes leading to greenhouse gas emissions from

12. The average carbon footprint in aquaculture:
(1) GHG emissions from feed, including the emissions from production of raw feed materials,
processing and transport of feed materials, and transport to the fish farm
(2) GHG emissions for on farm energy use;
(3) GHG emissions for aquatic N2O production;
(4) GHG emissions from fertilizers. (Macleod et al., 2020).
The types of GHGs produced will vary according to the farming practices of livestock and agriculture
 The types of GHGs produced will vary according to the farming practices of livestock and agriculture

13. Aquaculture remains the major contributors of nutritious food sources, food
security, income and ultimate livelihoods for 100 millions of people around the
world.
It is one of the most vulnerable and sensitive sector affected by climate change
because of its dependency on local climate parameters like temperature,
humidity and water health etc.
Fish being a poikilothermic animal so its metabolism is depend upon the external
environment.
Climate change has both direct as well as indirect impact on the aquaculture
which ultimately affects the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people around
the world on which they depends.
Climate Change and Aquaculture

14. Some of these impacts of climate changes on aquaculture are following:
Change in Climate Impact on aquaculture
Enhanced water
temperature
Culture system
• Reduced water quality (depleted dissolve oxygen)
•Enhanced primary productivity
•Increased growth and food conversion
•Increased disease incidence
•Enhanced breeding period in hatcheries
Operational •Changes in level of production,(ponds, hatcheries) Increase
in capital costs (aeration, deeper ponds)
Changes in
precipitation
(Floods) Habitat
availability
Culture system
•Salinity changes
•Escape of fish stock
•Structural damage
•Introduction of disease /predators
Operational
•Loss of fish stock
•Damage to facilities
•Higher capital costs for flood resistance
•Higher insurance costs
Sea level rise •Loss of land
•Changes in habitat availability for various stages of fish.
• Loss of coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests

15. Drought (Event, as opposed to
gradual reduction in water
availability)
Culture system
•Salinity change
•Limited water volume for aquaculture
•Increased competition with other water users
Operational •Loss of fish stock
•Limited production
Water stress (as a gradual
reduction in water availability due
to increasing evaporation rates and
decreasing rainfall)
Culture system
• Decrease in water quality
• Increased diseases
• Reduced pond level
•Altered and reduced freshwater supply
Operational •Cost of maintaining pond level artificially
•Conflict with other water users
•Loss of fish stock
•Reduced production capacity
•Change of culture species
Growth of harmful algal population High temperature favored growth of harmful cyanobacteria
rather than diatoms and green algae indicating that recent climatic warming can favorably pose
increased threat of detrimental cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems (Johnk
et al. 2008)

16. An integrated approach to developing technical, policy and investment
condition to achieve sustainable agricultural development for food
security under climate change(FAO,2015)
Climate Smart Aquaculture
Sustainable increases productivity
Resilience (adoption)
Reduce/ Removes greenhouse gases (mitigation)
Enhance achievement of national food security
It integrate the three dimension of sustainable development (Economical,
Social and Environmental) by jointly addressing food security and climate
challenges.

17. Three Pillars of CSA
Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and income
Adopting and building resilience to climate change
Reducing and/ or eliminating GHG production

18. Climate Smart Fish Farming Technology
Aquaponics: Aquaponics is a type of farming system that combine
aquaculture with hydroponics (growing of plant with water
without soil

19. Biofloc technology
Biofloc technology is an environment friendly aquaculture technique
based on in- situ microorganism production.

20. Integrated Multi Tropic Aquaculture System(IMTA)
• IMTA is silimar to polyculture, where two or more organisms are farmed together
• Aquatic species of different tropic level are farmed together in integrated fashion.

21. Integrated Fish Farming System(IFS)
Integrated fish farming system refer to the production, integrated management and
comprehensive use aquaculture, agriculture and livestock, with an emphasis on
aquaculture.
A. Fish cum paddy farming
B. Fish cum horticulture
C. Fish cum livestock farming
D. Fish cum duck farming

22. Supporting Institution
CSA
Sources: CCAFS, 2017

23. CSA in India
CSVs are the developed villages or models of local actions that ensure food
security, promote adaptation and build resilience to climatic stresses.
The international maize and wheat improvement centre (CIMMYT), together with
the CGIAR research programme on climate change agriculture and food security
(CCAFS), is working with a host of national partners and farmers’ organizations
in climate-smart villages in Haryana.
Climate Smart Villages (CSVs)

24. (Source- CCAFS-CIMMYT, 2015)
CSV is a model of local action for climate risk management in
farming communities that:
1. Promote adoption
2. Build resilience to climate
3. Enhance food security

25. National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture(NICRA)
To enhance resilience of Indian agriculture (including crops, livestock and fisheries) to
climatic variability and climate change.
 To demonstrate site specific technology package on farmers fields to cope with current
climatic variability
To enhance the capacity of scientist, farmers and other stakeholders in climatic resilient
agriculture research and awareness of impact
Objective:
Program areas
•Rain fed crop production
•Irrigated crop production system
•Horticulture production system
•Soil, water and nutrient management
•Monitoring of GHGs
•Improved machinery for adoption and
mitigation
•Fisheries including aquaculture
•Livestock and dairy sector
Project components
•Strategic research
•Technology demonstration
•Capacity building
•Sponsored/ competitive
research grants

26. Implementing climate smart aquaculture/ agriculture(CSA) practices require
change in the behavior and strategy of millions of farmers
Rural advisory services (RAS) can play a crucial role in transitioning CSA and
help build resilient agriculture system if a conducive environment for their
effective functioning is created.
RAS collectively comprise several types of providers, known by different name-
namely extension agents, community knowledge workers, advisors and
programme manager etc.
Advisory Services

27. Key Messages about RAS
Source: (FAO, 2016)

28. Rural advisory services (RAS) disseminating the climate information and technologies
and information on production practices for climate adaption through innovative
approaches, such as:
Climate awareness mass media campaigns:
Climate training: example in climate field schools, train the farmers in farmer field
schools
Climate-smart farmers field schools (CFFS) –:
Demonstration
Group discussion
Field days
Individual farm visit

29. ICT based Advisory Services
The use of Information and communication technologies(ICT), such as cell phone,
televisions, radio, and internet services, is an emerging field for dissemination of climate
smart agriculture(CSA) technology, practices and services to rural farmers (Osmina and
Heeks, 2012).

30. Mobile based Advisory System
Mobile based
advisory
system
Loumisingi Paojelis
implemented by the
college of agriculture,
CAU, Imphal, Digital
media corporation,
new Delhi
Matsya Varta is
implemented by
College of
fisheries, CAU,
Lembucherra,
Tripura West.

32. Conclusion
• Climate change is a serious challenge for the world. Impact of climate change limited sustainable
production of fisheries and aquaculture. There is need to adopt climate smarts approach because
it combines adaptation and mitigation in a way that enhance sustainable fisheries production in
the face of climatic change.
• Rural advisory services play a key role in CSA because of their role in knowledge transfer to
farmers’ fields. The correct mix of different extension approaches used in CSA will largely depend
on factors such as: the complexity of extension messages, the target population and its
geographical spread, the available technology, the type and variety of data to be collected from
farmers, and lastly, on the financial means available for extension. There are a number of
Aquaculture/ Agriculture practices and technologies that enhance food security, resilience, and
productivity in a sustainable manner eg: Biofoc technology, aquaponics, culture based fisheries
and zero budget farming .
• Increased awareness on climate smart approaches in fisheries sector have potentials for
enhancing food security and sustainable better livelihood for farmers.

33. Bibliography
• Aryal, J.P., Jat, M.L., Singh, R., Gehlwat, S.K. And agarwal, T. (2015). Framework, guidelines and governance
for designing local adoption plan of action to mainstream climate smart village in india.
Mexico, D.F: cimmyt,p:38
• CCAFS.2017. Annual report (2016). Power of partnership. Wageningen, the netherlands: CGIAR research
program on climate change, agriculture and food security(ccfs).
• Doney, S.C., Ruckelshaus, M., Emmett duffy, J., Barry, J.P., Chan, F., English, C.A., Galindo, H.M., Grebmeier,
J.M., Hollowed, A.B., Knowlton, N., Polovina, J., Rabalais, N.N., Sydeman, W.J. and Talley, l.D. (2012).
Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 4: 11–37
• FAO (2013). Climate-smart agriculture sourcebook. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations,
rome. Http://www.Fao.Org/docrep/018/i3325e/i3325e04.Pdf
• FAO, WFP and IFAD. (2012). The state of food insecurity in the world (2012). Economic growth is necessary
but not sufficient to accelerate reduction of hunger and malnutrition. Rome, FAO.
• Food and agriculture organization. (2008). Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture. In: the
state of fisheries and aquaculture 2008. FAO, rome, italy, 87–91.
• Global forum for rural advisory services. (2012). The “new extensionist”: roles, strategies, and capacities
to strengthen ex-tension and advisory services. Global forum for rural advisory services, 1- 3. [Online],
available at: http://www.Gfras.Org/en/157-the- newextensionist.Htm. [Accessed on 4
february 2023].

34. • Intergovernmental panel on climate change(IPCC). (2014). Climate change: impacts, adaptations, and
vulnerability. Fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.
• Joehnk , K.D., Huisman, J. E. F. and Sharples,J. (2008). Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful
cyanobacteria. Glo chan boil ,14(3): 495-512
• Laffoley, D. and baxter, J.M. (2016). Explaining ocean warming: causes, scale, effects and consequences
full report. Gland, switzerland: iucn, PP. 456.
• Macleod, M.J., Hasan, M.R., Robb, D.H. and Mamun-ur-rashid, M.(2020). Quantifying greenhouse gas
emissions from global aquaculture. Sci. Rep. 10 (1): 1–8.
• Mazzola, A., Mirto, S., La rosa, T., Fabiano, M. and Danovaro, R. (2000). Fish-farming effects on benthic
community structure in coastal sediments: analysis of meiofaunal recovery. Ices (int. Counc. Explor.
Sea) j. Mar. Sci,. 57 (5): 1454–1461
• Ospina, A.V. and Heeks, R. (2012). ICT- enabled response to climate change in rural agriculture community.
Strategy brief2, centre for development informatics, unversity of manchester, manchester.
• Sharma, A. P., Joshi, K. D., Naskar, M. And Das, M. K. (2015). Inland fisheries and climate change:
vulnerability and adaptation options, ICAR-CIFRI special publication. Issn 0970-616x ,P: 8.