Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
[Mekong ARCC] Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for Natural and Agri...Mekong ARCC
Mekong ARCC presented in Hanoi, Vietnam at the 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands, FAO, and The World Bank. The presentation, entitled "Climate Impacts in the Lower Mekong: Implications for the Private Sector," was given as part of the larger session on the Role of the Private Sector in Climate Smart Agriculture. Utilizing data collected for the Mekong ARCC's Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study, the presentation showed how changes in temperature and rainfall by 2030 will push the boundaries of crops climate tolerance and land suitability in the transboundary Sesan River basin for key agricultural inputs such as cassava, coffee, rice and rubber. These climate shifts will have significant impacts on the ability of natural resource and commodity dependant companies to meet production targets. The presentation broadly demonstrated that the projections the Mekong ARCC Climate Study is generating can be critical inputs for private sector strategic planning and future regional investments. Conference organizers intend to link the results from the workshop to a variety of international processes, in particular to the Rio +20 follow-up process and partnerships, the work of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), as well as the ongoing climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC.
Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on specific climate conditions. Trying to understand the overall effect of climate change on our food supply can be difficult. Increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be beneficial for some crops in some places. But to realize these benefits, nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, and other conditions must also be met. Changes in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods could pose challenges for farmers and ranchers. Meanwhile, warmer water temperatures are likely to cause the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish species to shift, which could disrupt ecosystems. Overall, climate change could make it more difficult to grow crops, raise animals, and catch fish in the same ways and same places as we have done in the past. The effects of climate change also need to be considered along with other evolving factors that affect agricultural production, such as changes in farming practices and technology.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
[Mekong ARCC] Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for Natural and Agri...Mekong ARCC
Mekong ARCC presented in Hanoi, Vietnam at the 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands, FAO, and The World Bank. The presentation, entitled "Climate Impacts in the Lower Mekong: Implications for the Private Sector," was given as part of the larger session on the Role of the Private Sector in Climate Smart Agriculture. Utilizing data collected for the Mekong ARCC's Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study, the presentation showed how changes in temperature and rainfall by 2030 will push the boundaries of crops climate tolerance and land suitability in the transboundary Sesan River basin for key agricultural inputs such as cassava, coffee, rice and rubber. These climate shifts will have significant impacts on the ability of natural resource and commodity dependant companies to meet production targets. The presentation broadly demonstrated that the projections the Mekong ARCC Climate Study is generating can be critical inputs for private sector strategic planning and future regional investments. Conference organizers intend to link the results from the workshop to a variety of international processes, in particular to the Rio +20 follow-up process and partnerships, the work of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), as well as the ongoing climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC.
Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on specific climate conditions. Trying to understand the overall effect of climate change on our food supply can be difficult. Increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be beneficial for some crops in some places. But to realize these benefits, nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, and other conditions must also be met. Changes in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods could pose challenges for farmers and ranchers. Meanwhile, warmer water temperatures are likely to cause the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish species to shift, which could disrupt ecosystems. Overall, climate change could make it more difficult to grow crops, raise animals, and catch fish in the same ways and same places as we have done in the past. The effects of climate change also need to be considered along with other evolving factors that affect agricultural production, such as changes in farming practices and technology.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
Significance of climate change on agriculture and food A series of LecturesB...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of LecturesByMr. Allah Dad Khan former Director General Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Nepal Agricultural Economics Society (NAES) are jointly organizing Annual Conference of Nepal Agricultural Economics Society on February 13-14, 2015 at Conference Hall, Trade Tower, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. During the annual conference of NAES, a special session on “Convergences of Policies and Programs relating to Sustainable and Climate Resilient Agriculture” is being organized. The aim of this special session is to showcase the studies and experiences in South Asian countries on climate resilient agriculture and how they can learn from each other to formulate progressive and sustainable policies to promote climate smart agriculture in a regional perspective.
Presented by Kofi Bimpong, with inputs from Boubacar Maneh, Sander Zwart, Koichi Futakuchi and Takashi Kumashiro at the CCAFS Workshop on Developing Climate-Smart Crops for a 2030 World, ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6-8 December 2011.
IPCC AR5 Africa Chapter - Impacts and Vulnerability ipcc-media
A presentations made on 29 October 2015 by Pauline Dube during the IPCC segment at the Fifth Conference on Climate and Development in Africa, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
Check against delivery
Presentation by Mr. Eric Yao, co-ordinator of The Africa Centre, Dublin, and a farmer in Ghana, on the effects that a changing climate has had on his business.
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Egygpt and NAP processNAP Events
Presented by: Mohamed Ismail Ibrahim Elsehamy
7.2 Approaches / adaptation solutions (1/2)
The section will provide best practices regarding various adaptation approaches or solutions at various scales based on latest science. Examples to be featured include ecosystem-based approaches, community based adaptation, responses to heat waves and ways to deal with shifting growing seasons in agriculture. The session will also feature practical experiences from countries in addressing issues at multiple scales. This is the first of two sessions on this topic. The second is under session 8.1.
Significance of climate change on agriculture and food A series of LecturesB...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of LecturesByMr. Allah Dad Khan former Director General Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Nepal Agricultural Economics Society (NAES) are jointly organizing Annual Conference of Nepal Agricultural Economics Society on February 13-14, 2015 at Conference Hall, Trade Tower, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. During the annual conference of NAES, a special session on “Convergences of Policies and Programs relating to Sustainable and Climate Resilient Agriculture” is being organized. The aim of this special session is to showcase the studies and experiences in South Asian countries on climate resilient agriculture and how they can learn from each other to formulate progressive and sustainable policies to promote climate smart agriculture in a regional perspective.
Presented by Kofi Bimpong, with inputs from Boubacar Maneh, Sander Zwart, Koichi Futakuchi and Takashi Kumashiro at the CCAFS Workshop on Developing Climate-Smart Crops for a 2030 World, ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6-8 December 2011.
IPCC AR5 Africa Chapter - Impacts and Vulnerability ipcc-media
A presentations made on 29 October 2015 by Pauline Dube during the IPCC segment at the Fifth Conference on Climate and Development in Africa, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
Check against delivery
Presentation by Mr. Eric Yao, co-ordinator of The Africa Centre, Dublin, and a farmer in Ghana, on the effects that a changing climate has had on his business.
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Egygpt and NAP processNAP Events
Presented by: Mohamed Ismail Ibrahim Elsehamy
7.2 Approaches / adaptation solutions (1/2)
The section will provide best practices regarding various adaptation approaches or solutions at various scales based on latest science. Examples to be featured include ecosystem-based approaches, community based adaptation, responses to heat waves and ways to deal with shifting growing seasons in agriculture. The session will also feature practical experiences from countries in addressing issues at multiple scales. This is the first of two sessions on this topic. The second is under session 8.1.
Similar to Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle. But since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
Burning fossil fuels generates greenhouse gas emissions that act like a blanket wrapped around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat and raising temperatures.
Examples of greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change include carbon dioxide and methane. These come from using gasoline for driving a car or coal for heating a building, for example. Clearing land and forests can also release carbon dioxide. Landfills for garbage are a major source of methane emissions. Energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture and land use are among the main emitters.
Greenhouse gas concentrations are at their highest levels in 2 million years
And emissions continue to rise. As a result, the Earth is now about 1.1°C warmer than it was in the late 1800s. The last decade (2011-2020) was the warmest on record.
Many people think climate change mainly means warmer temperatures. But temperature rise is only the beginning of the story. Because the Earth is a system, where everything is connected, changes in one area can influence changes in all others.
The consequences of climate change now include, among others, intense droughts, water scarcity, severe fires, rising sea levels, flooding, melting polar ice, catastrophic storms and declining biodiversity.
People are experiencing climate change in diverse ways
Climate change can affect our health, ability to grow food, housing, safety and work. Some of us are already more vulnerable to climate impacts, such as people living in small island nations and other developing countries. Conditions like sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion have advanced to the point where whole communities have had to relocate, and protracted droughts are putting people at risk of famine. In the future, the number of “climate refugees” is expected to rise.
CONTENTS= Weather, Climate, climate change, Global climate change, Global warming, Factors Affecting climate, Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, Agriculture and climate change is a three-fold relationship, Influence of agriculture in climate change, Impacts of climate change on agriculture, What can be done? , Conclusion
Ensuring climate resilience of agro-ecosystems and sustainable management of ...ICARDA
Dr. Rachid MRABET
Research Director
INRA Rabat
Cop 22 - Session November 16th 2016, Coping with Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Meeting future food demand through SCIENCE & INNOVATION
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Impact of global climate change new n agriculture A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
2. Climate Change a challenge for
Agriculture
Presentation By
Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor
Agriculture Extension Agri
University Peshawar & Agri Advisor
to SDTV
And Dr Amanullah Junior Agronomy
Department
Agri University Peshawar
Dated 29th April 20122
3. Outline of
Presentation
„Climate Changes Global Over View
Impact of Climate Change on Pakistan
Adaption Agriculture Forest and water and
Irrigation Pakistan Initial Commission on
Climate Change
Recommendations Views of Experts
3
5. Climate
The appreciation of the effects of potential climatic changes is
essential. Many believe it is not until a certain threshold of
gravity of the modifications observed, that it will be convenient
or pressing to deal with these issues. Agriculture is one of
these fields that are carefully monitored.
Challenge
The impact of climate change presents a new hurdle in the
fight against extreme poverty and disease. Experts predict that
in many sub-Saharan African countries, climate change could
mean more frequent drought and floods, water scarcity, and
increased health challenges such as under-nutrition. These
new challenges will not only make achieving the Millennium
Development Goals more difficult, but could also threaten
some of the progress already made in fighting extreme poverty
and disease.
5
6. links between food, energy, climate and finance
1. Climate change is generated by emissions of greenhouse gases that in turn are
largely dependent on fossil energy use (mainly coal and oil) and by methane and
nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture;
2.Food production, distribution and consumption depend strongly on fossil fuel
energy consumption; high oil prices affect costs of production, processing,
transport, conservation; at the same time,agriculture’s important role in greenhouse
gas (GHG) production is increasing as rising incomes drive up demand for meat
proteins;
3. Climate change hits agricultural productivity directly through drought, floods,
pests, diseases and catastrophic events, as well as by temperature changes that
affect plant productivity;
4. In order to anticipate the foresighted peak in oil reserves, many governments are
subsidizing the production and trade of biofuels, so contributing to increased food
prices;
5.In order to diversify financial assets, investors are turning their attention to
agricultural commodities, amplifying price increases;
6.In order to safeguard their own domestic food security, countries with high
populations and/or low agricultural potential are competing with small farmers in
other countries for land and water by buying or contracting large tracts of land.
6
7. 7
Factors related to climate change
a) Indiscriminate use of natural resources
b) Global warming and meteorological observatories
c) Excessive and unplanned urbanization
d) Unplanned industrial growth
e) Imbalanced use of agricultural inputs and extreme farming
f) Population influx / pressure
g) Effect of industrial pollution son marine life
h) Flood , Drought and other natural disasters
i) Land erosion land sliding
ii) Pollution of rivers, streams by different means
iii) Waste water and waste crops residues
iv) Wastes of marbles specially in Warsak Peshawar Jehangira
Swbi
10. Changes in Human and Natural Drivers of
climate Changes
1.„CO2 concentrations have increased from 280 ppm (since 1750) to
368 ppm in 2000 (31.4%) to 379 in 2005 (35.4% rise) and 396.18 ppm in
April 2012
2. CH4 concentrations have increased from a pre-industrial value of
about 715 ppb to 1732 ppb in early 1990s (142% rise) and is 1774ppb in
2005 (148% rise). The rise since 1990s is only 2.4%.
3.N2O concentrations have increased from a pre-industrial value of
about 270 ppb to 319 ppb in 2005 (18% rise). The growth rate has about
270 ppb to 319 ppb in 2005 (18% rise). The growth rate has been
approximately constant since 1980s. More than a third of all N2O
emissions are anthropogenic and are primarily due to agriculture
Temperature
1.11 of the last 12 years (1995-2006) except 1996 rank among the 12
warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature
(since 1850).
2. Widespread changes in extreme temperatures have been observed
over the last 50 years. Cold days, cold nights and frost have become
less frequent, while hot days, hot nights, and heat waves have become
more frequent
10
12. AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
VIRTUOUS CIRCLE
AGRICULTURE
CONTRIBUTES
TO FIGHTING CLIMATE
CHANGE
AGRICULTURAL
VULNERABILITY
IS REDUCED
AGRICULTURE BUSSINES EXPANSION
IS BASED ON SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES INCLUDING
FOREST AREA INCREMENT, PROTECTION AND RESTORATION
AGRICULTURE INCREASES:
AGRO ECOSYSTEMS AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
CLIMATE STABILIZATION
GLOBAL SERVICE
12
13. Impact of Climate Change in Agriculture
1.„Fourteen crops were considered for impact assessment (at
0.3ºC per decade). All the selected crops were found to be
suffering due to heat stress.
2. significant increase in growing degree days reduces the
growing season length for the crop.
3. 8% and 15% increase in GDD in 2020 and 2050.„With rainfall
decreases by 6%, net irrigation water requirements could
increase by 29%.
4. The areas suitable for agriculture, the length of growing
seasons and the yield potential of food staples are all projected
to decline.
5. Changing climate patterns will have important implications for
water availability.
6. Across the globe, sea levels could rise rapidly with
accelerated ice sheet disintegration.
7. Climate change will affect human health through variables
such as changes in temperature, exposure to natural disasters,
13
14. Impacts on Agriculture contd
9.Soils are sources of concern as well. The global crop land
availability is in decline as a result of population growth,
soil degradation, soil losses and soil sealing, shrinking
water resources, salt water intrusion into coastal aquifers,
as well as rising temperatures that are leading to falling
land productivity.
10.Loss of agri-biodiversity is associated with a range of
causal factors, including destruction and fragmentation of
habitats and the increasing use of land for non-agricultural
purposes, emissions, agricultural intensification, etc.
(Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005)
11.Landslides tend to occur more frequently in areas with
clayey sub-soil, steep slopes, intense and abundant
precipitation and land abandonment, such as the Alpine
and the Mediterranean regions. Again this trend is
accelerated by the intensification of pasture use.
12.The contamination with pesticides in surface water,
ground water and partly in drinking water, in particular after
heavy rainfalls, is another problem area
13.Pandemic pest and diseases in animal and plant
14
15. AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
NEED TO CHANGE A PERFECT VICIOUS CIRCLE
AGRICULTURE
CONTRIBUTES
TO CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE
INCREASES
VULNERABILITY OF
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER
EXPANSION
IS BASED ON
DEFORESTATION
AGRICULTURE REDUCES
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS,
CLIMATE STABILIZATION,
GLOBAL SERVICE
15
16. Impact on Forest (Pakistan Initial Commission
on Climate Change
1.„Cold and temperate conifers will show a northward shift, pushing
against the cold conifer/mixed woodland,
2.„The increase in temperature scenario tended to increase Net Primary
Productivity in all biomes in the year 2020 and 2050. Under increase or
decrease in rainfall scenarios, the NPP of all biomes did not show much
increase in the years 2020 and 2050.
3. The average Net Primary Productivity (NPP) increase of
differentbiomes, over the base year of 1990 is estimated as 12% in the
year 2020 and 19% in the year 2040-50 (calculated) under the climate
change scenarios.
N.B. Pakistan’s Initial National Communication on Climate
Change(PINCCC)
16
18. Adaptation in Agriculture
Changes in Cropping Patterns
„Sugar beet instead of sugarcane
„Adjusting Cropping Pattern with Water Availability
„More share of cropped area under oil seed crops
„Improved Productivity and Production Management
„Farm forestry
Adaptation in Forests
Pest Control: The biological control of forest pests is a very important
adaptation measure.
„Change in Species: Special attention shall have to be given to those
tree species which have poor seed production and dispersal, which
occupy ecological niches, have small populations and which occupy
ecological niches, have small populations and restricted ranges and
are peripheral.
„Preservation of Watersheds: to control sediments towards
downstream
„Control of Wastage: Use of Waste wood to produce composite wood
18
19. Adaptation: in Water Resources
„Measures to Improve System Efficiency
„Watershed Management
„Urban Water Use
„Water Quality and Environmental Protection
„Flood Control
„Weather Forecasting and Information Network for
Farmers
„Adaptations in Policy Planning
Adaptation in irrigation
Effect of change in number of irrigations keeping total quantity of
irrigation water the same.
„Effect of change in number of irrigations keeping the quantity of water
per irrigation the same.
„Change in sowing window of crops.
„Change in planting technique e.g. transplanting versus direct sowing
in the case of rice.
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21. Recommendation by experts
Possibilities to reduce GHG emissions and to mitigate change
effects associated with “the agricultural sec to understand not only
the functioning of ecosystems but also their criticality.
Therefore the systems approaches needed have to be highlighted to
further develop low external input concepts which are more
diversified and "greener" (the next generation of agricultural
research) paving the way for alternative models .
To quickly improve the capacities of the agricultural knowledge
system/ information communication technology and to improve the
response capacity of the Agriculture , food security, Accordingly
restoring soil organic matter
To encourage more systems oriented research to better understand
key issues in terms of functioning and criticality, better integration
and coordination of research efforts , Rain water harvesting, Drip
and Sprinkler irrigation system, efficient use of water , bio pesticides,
bio aab. New
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22. Recommendation by experts Contd
Strengthening of disaster management department and
coordination with nation building departments at provincial
level ,Updating meteorological Departments activities through
SUPARCO and satellite imaginary , warning for flood etc
Agro/Biofuel 3rd generation ( Diesel Plant Jatropa). Bio-farm
waste need to be handled for energy generation such as bio-
gas plants/ mechanization plants, etc
Agriculture policies , Agricultural models; trade policies; land
policies Should be framed inviting all stake holders at Federal
and provincial level addressing the climate change.
The adoption of integrated crop management as the preferred
crop protection.
Watershed management , range management , afforestation
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