A rise in temperature as small as 1° C could have important and rapid effects on the geographical distributions and mortality of some organisms. The more mobile species should be able to adjust their ranges over time, but less mobile and sedentary species may not.There are many factors that can cause a warming of our climate; for example, more energy from the sun, large natural events such as El Nino or an increased greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species. For many species, temperature serves as a cue for reproduction. Clearly, changes in sea temperature could affect their successful breeding. The number of male and female offspring is determined by temperature for marine turtles, as well as some fish and copepods (tiny shrimp-like animals on which many other marine animals feed). Changing climate could therefore skew sex ratios and threaten population survival.

1. IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING
ON AQUATIC FLORAAND
FAUNA
Submitted to,
Prof. A. A. Vyas
Associate Professor
Junagadh Agricultural
University,
Junagadh, Gujarat
Submitted By,
Name: Mahendra Pal
Reg. No. 2030316007
M.F.Sc. 1st Year
College of fisheries,
J.A.U. Veraval, Gujarat

2. INTRODUCTION
Global warming is the increase in the Earth's temperature.
Greenhouse gases prevent infrared radiation from escaping into space
and those gases maintain the earth's warm temperature.
There are a total of about 40 greenhouse gases, but carbon dioxide is
the main contributor to the global warming.
The surface temperature of the Indian seas has increased by 0.03° to
0.18° C per decade during 1950-2005 (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov).

3. The sun sends out energy as
heat and light. This energy
comes to our earth during the
day time.
Some of the sun’s rays get
‘trapped’ in the atmosphere.
Some of them get reflected back
into space.
The ones which get through the
atmosphere warm the earth up.

4. All the time, the earth
radiates heat into space,
which cools it down. We
only really notice this at
night, when there is no
heating from the sun.
Some of the heat going out is
trapped by the atmosphere. This
is what makes our planet warm
enough to live on.
But if too much heat is trapped,
our planet will warm up and
the climate will change.

5. Greenhouse Gases
Carbon dioxide
combustion of solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and
coal), and wood and wood products
Methane
production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane
emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes
in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock.
Nitrous oxide
 agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during
combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs), and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
industrial processes.

6. Yearly Growth
Cycles
GLOBAL WARMING IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENT
Rising sea levels
Climate change
Melting of
Arctic sea ice
Increasing
disease risks
Migration
Altered
lifestyles
Aquatic
environment
Flora
Fauna
Widespread
forest loss
Coral bleaching Mangroves

7. AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
1. Rising sea levels
Sea level may rise by as much as 69cm during the
next 100 years
2. Decreased Mixing
Changes to ocean temperature profiles causing a
reduction in the amount of mixing, and for example,
reducing oxygen levels at depth.

8. AQUATIC FAUNA
1. Increasing disease risks in aquatic systems
Environmental stress increase the risk of parasite and pathogen
infections.
2. Migration
A study has shown that fish in the North Sea have moved further
north or into deeper water in response to rising sea temperatures.
3. Altered lifestyles
Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle,
and behaviour of marine species.e.g. marine turtle

9. Increased air temperatures are expected to result in decreased cool water fish
habitat as a result of higher water temperatures in surface waters and lower dissolved
oxygen concentrations in deeper waters.

10. Displacement of cold-water species
Streams and lakes may become unsuitable for coldwater
fish but support species that thrive in warmer waters.
That's partly because bears can snag spawning salmon
more easily in very shallow water, as the salmon struggle
upstream.

11. AQUATIC FLORA
1. Photosynthesis
According to a recent NASA study,phytoplankton is
more likely to thrive in cooler oceans.
2. Yearly Growth Cycles
Temperature-driven creatures, such as Phytoplankton,
have started their yearly growth cycle earlier in the
season due to warming oceans.

13. 3. Changes in timing of natural events
Many species take their cues about when to migrate, flower,
nest or mate from seasonal changes in temperature,
precipitation and daylight (phenology).
4. Seagrass
Grasses are declining worldwide by about 7% per year and
“global climate change is predicted to have deleterious effects
on seagrasses and is emerging as a pressing challenge for
coastal management” (Waycott et al., 2009).

14. MAJOR ECOSYSTEM
Mangroves
Mangroves are most productive within a temperature
range of 15–25◦C (Hutchins and Saenger, 1987) while roots
and seedlings experience thermal stress at 35◦Cand higher
(Clough et al., 1982).

15. Coral bleaching
In one year alone, 16 percent of the world's coral reefs were wiped
out. A sea temperature change of a mere one degree Celsius would
yield similar losses.

16. Estuaries and Coastal Wetlands
Global warming has the potential to completely alter the structure
and function of the nation's estuaries and coastal wetlands.

17. 7. CONTROL ON GLOBAL WARMING
The Kyoto protocol is something that has been created to help with
the issue of global warming. World leaders gathered in Kyoto, japan
in December of 1997 to discuss a world treaty restricting emissions
of greenhouse gases which are thought to be the cause of the global
warming.

18. Ethics
Humans can do a number of things such as-
- Driving efficiently by carpooling,
- Taking public transit,
- Riding a bicycle, or even walking.
- The burning of the engines cause heat and fuels to get trapped in
the atmosphere.
- We should use compact fluorescent light bulbs which stat lit longer
and don't use as much energy.
- Groups can get together to plant a tree and help save the forests.

19. Protection of aquatic biodiversity from
Global Warming
Restore rivers and estuaries by removing unnecessary and harmful barriers.
Save the best remaining habitat by protecting parks, wilderness and roadless areas.
Improve forestry and farming practices to minimize impact on rivers.
Improve fisheries management by using real-time monitoring, and maintaining
genetic diversity, which helps species adapt to a changing environment.
Increase water use efficiency and conservation by households, farms and industry.
Anticipate climate change impacts when creating long-term water resource
management programs.

20. Address policy barriers to cooperation among the many
stakeholders for scarce water resources, such as the "use-it-or-lose-it"
provision in Western Water Law.
Developing non-hydro, renewable energy sources can prevent
hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 emissions, while creating
hundreds of thousands of new jobs.
CONT…..

21. CONCLUSION
This will be especially important for assisting developing countries
that depend on the health of these ecosystems for sustenance.
Unable to directly control sea level, managers will need to ensure
that other human stresses on biota are minimized to give aquatics the
best opportunity to withstand the duress of global warming impacts.
This is our planet and if we don't do something soon, drastic effects
will occur.
So, get involved and learn about global warming and the deadly
effects in has on our precious ecosystems!!!!

22. THANK YOU