The document discusses the impacts of climate change on aquatic environments and fish production. It outlines that human activities have increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, leading to global warming, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather. These climate changes negatively impact aquatic organisms by changing water and air temperatures and monsoon patterns. This disrupts fish production in aquaculture and marine systems. Adaptation and mitigation efforts are needed to reduce climate change impacts, including conservation efforts, education, population control, and integrating climate issues into economic planning.
IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC BIOTAAlbert Wandera
the Presentation discuss the relevant mitigation and adaptation measures which should be employed to address the impacts of Global climatic changes on marine and fresh water habitats and Biota
Presented by Dr. Shailesh Nayak Key-note Address at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Strengthening Science of Climate Resilience, Multi-Stakeholders
IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC BIOTAAlbert Wandera
the Presentation discuss the relevant mitigation and adaptation measures which should be employed to address the impacts of Global climatic changes on marine and fresh water habitats and Biota
Presented by Dr. Shailesh Nayak Key-note Address at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Strengthening Science of Climate Resilience, Multi-Stakeholders
Climate change and biodiversity are closely linked: climate change has severe direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and is predicted to be a dominant driver of future biodiversity loss; at the same time, the loss of biodiversity magnifies the adverse effects of climate change.
Blue carbon research: An Indian PerspectiveCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dr Gurmeet Singh, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate change at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNAMahendra Pal
A rise in temperature as small as 1° C could have important and rapid effects on the geographical distributions and mortality of some organisms. The more mobile species should be able to adjust their ranges over time, but less mobile and sedentary species may not.There are many factors that can cause a warming of our climate; for example, more energy from the sun, large natural events such as El Nino or an increased greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species. For many species, temperature serves as a cue for reproduction. Clearly, changes in sea temperature could affect their successful breeding. The number of male and female offspring is determined by temperature for marine turtles, as well as some fish and copepods (tiny shrimp-like animals on which many other marine animals feed). Changing climate could therefore skew sex ratios and threaten population survival.
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
Impact of Climate Change on coastal aquaculture in BangladeshMdNajmusSakib
The main effect of climate change on the coastal region in Bangladesh and the impact of Climate-related change on aquaculture in the context of Bangladesh.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
Impacts of Climate Change on BiodiversityTahaaSaeed
It is a short presentation about the Impacts of climate change on the animals and their diversity. it is a brief explanation of some of the points discussed.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
Climate Smart aquaculture/Agriculture is the approach towards sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors reducing the emission of GHG gases from aquaculture sector/agriculture sector at the same time increase the productivity that support the nutritional security of millions of people . Climate Smart aquaculture(CSA) topic was presented by me at college of fisheries lembucherra, agartala CAU, imphal. All the content and important data has been taken from authentic sources.
Climate change and biodiversity are closely linked: climate change has severe direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and is predicted to be a dominant driver of future biodiversity loss; at the same time, the loss of biodiversity magnifies the adverse effects of climate change.
Blue carbon research: An Indian PerspectiveCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dr Gurmeet Singh, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate change at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNAMahendra Pal
A rise in temperature as small as 1° C could have important and rapid effects on the geographical distributions and mortality of some organisms. The more mobile species should be able to adjust their ranges over time, but less mobile and sedentary species may not.There are many factors that can cause a warming of our climate; for example, more energy from the sun, large natural events such as El Nino or an increased greenhouse effect. Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species. For many species, temperature serves as a cue for reproduction. Clearly, changes in sea temperature could affect their successful breeding. The number of male and female offspring is determined by temperature for marine turtles, as well as some fish and copepods (tiny shrimp-like animals on which many other marine animals feed). Changing climate could therefore skew sex ratios and threaten population survival.
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
Impact of Climate Change on coastal aquaculture in BangladeshMdNajmusSakib
The main effect of climate change on the coastal region in Bangladesh and the impact of Climate-related change on aquaculture in the context of Bangladesh.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
Impacts of Climate Change on BiodiversityTahaaSaeed
It is a short presentation about the Impacts of climate change on the animals and their diversity. it is a brief explanation of some of the points discussed.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
Climate Smart aquaculture/Agriculture is the approach towards sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors reducing the emission of GHG gases from aquaculture sector/agriculture sector at the same time increase the productivity that support the nutritional security of millions of people . Climate Smart aquaculture(CSA) topic was presented by me at college of fisheries lembucherra, agartala CAU, imphal. All the content and important data has been taken from authentic sources.
Climate change is one of the primary factors contributing to the loss of biodiversity worldwide. The purpose of this review paper was to give serious thought about the present and future impacts of climate change on biodiversity, even though we are not aware of its synergistic effects on biological populations. In order to fully understand the biota's reactions to these climatic
changes, we also concentrated on how these changes impact their phenology and physiology. This review article's subjects are
covered in a non-random order to make it easier for readers to understand the connections between biodiversity and climate
change. We also discussed about how 1.1°C of global warming brought about by human activity has altered the Earth's climate
in ways never seen before and negatively impacted human health. We covered how to safeguard our biota by implementing practical conservation strategies at the end of this review article in order to reduce the effects of climate change on it. We hope that one day, because research on climate change and biodiversity protection is interdisciplinary and spans many different scientific areas, we will be able to address all these concerns and preserve our biota from their terrible consequences.
Climate Change: Implications for Fisheries and AquacultureECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the fisheries and aquaculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are the cause of climate change driven by population and economic growth. Information provided are taking from the fifth assessment report summary for policy makers. It gives beginner information on the causes, impacts, future projections and limitations strategies.
Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the
fastest-growing food production sector globally.
However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to the predicted effects of climate change that are not only a future but also a present reality.
In this Lecture, we review the potential effects of climate change on aquaculture production and its implications on the sector ’ s sustainability.
Various elements of a changing climate, such as rising temperatures, sea-level
rise, diseases and harmful algal blooms, changes in rainfall patterns, the uncertainty of external inputs supplies, changes in sea surface salinity, and
severe climatic events have been discussed. Furthermore, several adaptation options have been presented as well as some gaps in existing knowledge that
require further investigations.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM.pptx
1.
2. COMMON
QUESTIONS
Is climate
change real? What evidence is
there for climate
change?
Are human activities
causing climate
change?
What are the impacts of
climate change on the
aquatic environment?
3. • The exploitation of nature for
decades due to several
anthropogenic activities has
changed the climatic
conditions worldwide.
• The environment has been
polluted with an increase of
greenhouse gases.
• The major consequences are
global warming, cyclone, an
increase in sea level, etc.
• It has a clear negative impact
on the natural environment
including aquatic ones.
• As a result, production of
fish in the aquaculture system
and marine system is greatly
affected.
Climate Change as
a worldwide issue
4. Climate Change in
the aquatic system
• Aquatic organisms are very
vulnerable to climate
change because the average
temperature of both air and
water are changing
simultaneously.
• Climate change in the
aquatic system mainly
occurs through sea level
and temperature rise,
change in monsoon patterns,
extreme weather events and
water stress having both
direct and indirect impacts
on aquatic animals
5. CAUSES OF
CLIMATE
CHANGE
The factors
that can
cause a
change in the
atmospheric
system or
climatic
regime are
called
Forcing mechanisms can be
of two types, i.e.,
internal forcing
mechanism and external
forcing mechanisms.
• Internal forcing
mechanisms are natural
processes in the
climatic system like
thermohaline
circulation, etc.
• External forcing
mechanisms can also be
of two types-
anthropogenic
mechanisms including
greenhouse gas emission
and the emission of
several other
6. • Fossil fuel
burning: Fossil
fuel burning is one
of the most
important sources
of climate change.
As fossil fuels
contain carbon for
many years, they
can release back
CO2 into the air.
• Livestock farming:
Through livestock
farming, methane
(CH4) gas is
emitted into the
atmosphere. As we
know, CH4 is a
7. • Aerosols: Aerosols
also represent a
big problem for the
climate today.
Aerosols are a very
small naturally
occurring particle
in the atmosphere.
• Use of fertilizers:
Use of fertilizers
in both
agricultural and
aquacultural
farmland can
increase the
availability of
food source greatly
to us. To meet up
8. Changes on aquatic
ecosystem due to
climate change
1. Temperature
All the aquatic
organisms including
fish and aquatic
invertebrates are
poikilothermic in
nature and the body
temperature of those
organisms changes with
environmental
temperature. So, they
are very much
9. Changes on aquatic
ecosystem due to
climate change
This procedure is termed
as behavioral
thermoregulation . This
will result in rapid
migration to the cooler
zones of the water body
. This migration allows
the shifting of the
aquatic animals from
shallow coastal waters
and semi-enclosed areas
into deeper cooler
waters
10. Changes on aquatic
ecosystem due to
climate change
2. Primary productivity
The levels of light and temperature
determine the availability of
nutrients in the water body, which
in turn affects the primary
productivity.
Due to climate variability,
reduced precipitation
would lead to reduced
run-off from land,
which caused the
starvation of wetland and
11. Impact of
climate
change on
Fish
Production
and
Ecosystem
1. Aquaculture system
Fisheries and
aquaculture are
largely dependent on
the interactions
among the various
factors like the
earth’s climate and
ocean environment.
So, changing
the pattern of air
and sea-surface
temperatures,
rainfall, sea level,
12. Impact of
climate
change on
Fish
Production
and
Ecosystem
2. Marine Ecosystem
Marine fish production
is largely disrupted by
climate change. With the
change in the climatic
conditions, several
changes are observed in
the ocean including a
rise in temperature,
melting of polar
ice, rising sea
level, change in
ocean current
system and
acidification of
seawater.
13. Impact of
climate
change on
Fish
Production
and
Ecosystem
3. Freshwater
systems
The vulnerability
of the freshwater
ecosystems against
climate change is
very high. The
size, depth and
trophic status of
the lake determine
the vulnerability
of this system
against climate
15. Impact of
climate
change on
Fish
Production
and
Ecosystem
4. Coral reef
The coral reef is an
important source of
income for many
developing countries.
Coral provides
habitat for more than
half of all marine
species. But now
coral reefs of the
ecosystem are in
great danger.
16. Impact of
climate
change on
Fish
Production
and
Ecosystem
Increasing acidity
causes decreasing the
pH of the ocean,
which results in
decreased aragonite
saturation that can
disrupt the
calcification of
coral. Enhanced
acidity of the
world’s ocean is very
much important and
represents a long-
term threat to coral
18. Impact of
climate
change on
Fish
Production
and
Ecosystem
As a result, a huge
shift in species
richness can occur
which is regarded as
the main cause of
disruption of marine
biodiversity and
ecosystem The climate
in the aquatic
environment can
affect biodiversity,
community structure
and ecosystem
function
20. Adaptati
on and
Mitigati
on
measures
to
reduce
the
effects
of
Climate
The level of environmental
pollution should be
decreased as soon as
possible before it becomes
too late to act. Some
strategies that we should
follow immediately are
discussed below.
1. Adaptation of forest
conservation measures
Forest plays an important
role in maintaining
equilibrium in our
ecosystem. We should
conserve and prevent the
destruction of forest land
through afforestation as
well as reforestation and
22. Adaptati
on and
Mitigati
on
measures
to
reduce
the
effects
of
Climate
3. Slowing down of
population growth
Population growth is
becoming a burden especially
in the case of a developing
country like India. It has
become a major obstruction
in achieving social and
economic development. So, in
order to fight against
climate change, population
pressure over the area need
to be reduced by reversing
down the population growth
curve in developing
countries.
24. Recommendat
ion for
better
management
of
fisheries
against
climate
The ecosystem approach
should be comprehensive,
sound, integrated,
compact and revised to
make complete management
of sand oceans of coasts,
fisheries and
aquaculture.
Environmenta
l friendly
aquaculture
and fishing
practices to
be
undertaken.
Fuel-
efficient
aquaculture
and fishing
practices to
be
undertaken.
Integration
of climate-
proof
aquaculture
with other
sectors.
Over-fishing and
excess fishing
capacity should
be eliminated
through the
implementation of
reduced subsidy
systems.
Risk
assessments
should be
proper and
accurate at
the local
level.
Exploration of
the carbon
sequestration
process by
aquatic
25. • In present days, a random
population explosion
increases fossil fuel
burning, industrialization,
deforestation, and profit-
oriented capitalism, which
can, in turn, create
synergistic effects on
climate change.
• Aquaculture sector is much
impacted by temperature
increase in water and air,
sea level rise, and
associated water intrusion
as affected by global
warming and climate change.
• This change in the aquatic
environment or a decrease
in fish production is
directly affecting the
economic sustainability of
fish farmers.
Editor's Notes
With the rapid increase in human population, we have destroyed our nature and polluted the environment. The level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing day by day. Consequently, we are facing the threats of global warming and other climatic changes like cyclone, drought, flood, etc. we will discuss how climate change affects the production of fish and how it could be mitigated through proper actions.
All these mechanisms are responsible for the change of climate. But overwhelming evidence exists that anthropogenic activities are the major reason behind this dreadful condition.
Reproductive strategies in the ocean rely heavily on the conditions of the surrounding environment. Many marine animals like sea urchins, corals, and clown fish rely on water conditions for reproduction because they reproduce externally, meaning the eggs are fertilized outside of the animals’ body in the water. These animals depend on specific cues and conditions in their environment to signal mating season. Currents, temperature, salinity, light, and acidity are all factors that dictate when and how successfully different marine organisms reproduce – and this is where climate change makes romance difficult. Climate change is directly correlated with increasing levels of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas, in the Earth’s atmosphere. Increasing levels of carbon dioxide has in turn been linked to warmer and more acidic oceans, disrupted nutrient and chemical cycles, as well as altered oceanic currents. Changing even one of these factors can “kill the mood” under the sea and have disastrous consequences on food webs and the environment.
When the external environmental temperature goes beyond the tolerance limit of these organisms, they will go for migration to the place where their internal system allows them to regain their internal homeostasis.
In some other places, due to increased precipitation from extreme weather events like flooding, nutrient level in the water body tremendously increased causing eutrophication and washout fertilizer causing harmful algal blooms into the water bodies, known as red tides
The species that is going to be affected first due to these conditions is plankton. It forms the basis of the food chain in the marine ecosystem. Other species including corals, fishes, sea birds will be affected simultaneously. Due to increased ocean acidification, marine organisms like oysters, shrimps and corals would unable to form their outer covering or shell through the process of calcification. Thus, the entire marine food web get affected because of the formation of cracks in the marine food chain.
According to Field and coworkers [12], the negative impact was observed on the cold-water species and positive impact on the warm-water species. Due to acute effects of climate change, alteration of shapes and distribution is seen in the freshwater lake system and in some cases, they might be disappeared. These are the attributes of the dynamics change in precipitation, evaporation and run-off
According to Field and coworkers [12], the negative impact was observed on the cold-water species and positive impact on the warm-water species. Due to acute effects of climate change, alteration of shapes and distribution is seen in the freshwater lake system and in some cases, they might be disappeared. These are the attributes of the dynamics change in precipitation, evaporation and run-off.
The ability of the movement of the freshwater species is vital in determining the resistance of those species to withstand climate change [13].
The coral reef is one of the most resistant ecosystems and too resilient to recover from weak chronic as well as acute stresses [16]. But according to Hughes and coworkers [17], the reef ecosystem is not able to sustain against chronic plus acute stress.
If corals are decreased due to adverse impacts from climatic change, it causes a negative impact on the reef fish- biodiversity [20]. According to Grandcourt and Cesar [21], coastal fisheries are badly affected by the warming of the climate and bleaching events. It can be concluded that coral reef destruction causes a long-term impact on the animals which depends on these reefs for their food and habitat.
On another hand, preventing the chances of climate change, before it has occurred, reducing the effects of climate change in case of occurrence is known as mitigation. Reducing the carbon footprint and related activities should be a major step.
This will help to grow the consciousness among the young generation from very beginning which will significantly broaden this culture at the local, state and national levels.
There is a crucial knowledge gap between fisheries, aquaculture management and climate change that need to be filled practically. In order to assess the risk of climate change to coastal communities, human and institutional capacity building should be strengthened and proper adaptation and mitigation measures should be implemented. Therefore, well managed fisheries and aquaculture could give birth to a healthy and productive ecosystem. Careful use of coastal areas and catchment areas should be cross-sectoral responsibility to encourage the building process of a healthy and productive ecosystem. Moreover, youth engagement in each and every policy and decision-making process related to aquaculture and fisheries both at continental and national levels should be institutionalized efficiently as youth are the backbone of our society
Thus, this situation can be corrected if necessary actions will be taken in reducing environmental pollution as soon as possible. Researchers, economists, policymakers, and farmers should act together to fight economic instability and maintain harmony with nature. One thing we should remember that we should protect nature if we want to protect ourselves from the coming threats.