Ocean currents redistribute heat from the equator to the poles, regulating global temperatures and influencing local climates near coastlines. Warm currents lead to warmer coastal climates while cold currents result in cooler coastal climates.

2. Polar Tundra Tropical
·Temperature is extremely ·Regions have harsh ·Regions have a warm
low and there is a little wins and low winter climate all year round.
rain or snowfall. temperatures, averaging There are two
·Most of the plants can't from -30ºC to -20ºC. seasons, dry and wet.
grow up. · The temperature rises ·Temperatures tend to
·Many polar animals can to around 17ºC during between 21ºC and 30ºC.
life there and keep warm the summer. ·Grasslands in tropical
by a thick layer of fur or ·Tough, low-growing land regions are mostly made
fat. plants such as linchers up of scattered trees and
are examples of tundra tall grasses.
vegetation.

3. Mediterranean Continental Equatorial Desert
·Areas are warm ·This areas as ·Regions have a ·Climates are very dry,
and wet in winter, the central constantly hot with less than 250mm
but dry in summer. parts of Asia and wet climate. of rainfall per year.
·Their climate is and North ·The ·Temperatures in the
influence by America have temperature hottest deserts may be
currents of air. not summers never drops over 38ºC.Some
·In this climate and cold winter. below around become much cooler
grow a lot of citrus ·North 17ºC, creating in winter.
fruits. And their American ideal growing ·Some of the mainly
thick skins prevent prairies have conditions for plants of the desert are
them from dying every hot huge numbers for example; Cacti's.
during the summer. summer. of plants.

4.  In mountains areas, temperatures drop as
height above sea level (altitude) increases,
producing different climates and vegetation at
different altitudes.
 Trees can’t survive on high mountain
slopes because this is little soil, and the
ground may be frozen and blasted by harsh,
icy winds.
 The direction which a mountains faces
(called its aspect) also effects its climate.
 If one side of a mountain receives more
sunlight than the other, more vegetation may
grow there.
 Small, low growing plants as moss and
lichens grow on the high mountainside.

5. In coastal areas, the land and sea gain and lose heat at different rates
during the day and night.
 The air create a mild, wet climate.
 This is known as a coastal or maritime climate.
 DURING THE DAY: - land warms up more quickly.
- warm air cools, then sinks again.
- cooler air from above the sea moves in to replace the
warm air.
 DURING THE NIGHT: - sea cools more slowly.
-warm air rises: cooler air moves out, air cools and
sinks.

6. Cities tend to be warmer than the areas surrounding them.
 This is concrete absorbs more heat than vegetation. It also holds
on to heat for longer, making nights warmer in cities than in the
countryside.
 The ground beneath a city also tends to be drier, as roads and
pavements prevent water from draining into the soil beneath.

7. Weather is what the forecasters on the TV news predict each day.
They tell people about the temperature, cloudiness, humidity, and
whether a storm is likely in the next few days. That’s weather! It is the
mix of events that happens each day in our atmosphere. Weather is
not the same everywhere. It may be hot and sunny in one part of the
world, but freezing and snowy in another.
Climate is the average weather in a place over many years. While the
weather can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds,
thousands, even millions of years to change.

8. Identify five factors
that affect climate
and explain
how each
affects climate.

10. Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem
distribution across Earth

11. How does latitude
affect climate?
As latitude ________, the average
increases
decreases
annual temperature _________.
Temperature
0° Latitude 90°

14. How does closeness to a large
body of water affect climate?
moderates
Water __________ the temperature.
Cooler Warmer
_______ summers. _______ winters.
Cities A & B are located
at the same latitude.
City B is closer to a large
body of water.
Its temperature line is
flatter (moderated).

17. The leeward
sides of the
Adirondacks &
Catskills
receive much
less
precipitation
The windward sides of the
Adirondacks & Catskills
receive a great deal more
precipitation

18. How does the
Orographic Effect
affect climate?
cool, moist
Windward Side: ___________
warm, dry
Leeward Side: _____________

20. Page 14 of the ESRTs
We live in the troposphere.
Temperature decreases
with elevation.

21. During summer, temperature is strongly controlled by elevation -- cold at the
higher reaches of the Alaska and Brooks Ranges, and warmer in the lowlands.

22. How does elevation
affect climate?
increases
As elevation _________, the average
annual temperature __________.
decreases
Temperature
Elevation

25. How do ocean currents
affect climate?
Warm Currents: warmer climate
Cold Currents: cooler climate