This briefing paper highlights key challenges and issues for
consideration in policy development and planning processes at
community, local, national and regional levels towards creating
awareness and building resilience to climate change impacts in
Uganda. It’s an output from a review of various documents and
literature on climate change impacts and responses in Uganda
and else where. Furthermore, it’s informed by Environmental
Alert’s experiences and lessons generated through facilitating
initiatives to support climate change adaptation at community
and local levels particularly in the West Nile region (in the districts
of Adjumani, Moyo and Yumbe) and Lukwanga Parish in Wakiso
district, Central region of Uganda; and also targeted engagement
with key policy and decision makers at all levels including local,
national, regional and international on issues of climate change. It
is targeting key stakeholders at all levels (including local leaders,
Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers,
Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions,
Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others;
to mainstream, prioritize and support climate change adaptation
actions at all levels of planning and development.
Presentation by Dr. Spencer Thomas, Grenadian climate change ambassador, at the workshop on " Scaling Up Adaptation: Strengthening alignment of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in Grenada" held in St. George’s, Grenada, on January 31 and February 1, 2019. This workshop was co-hosted by the NAP Global Network and the Grenadian Ministry of Climate Resilience, the Environment, Forestry, Disaster Management and Information, in collaboration with the Integrated Climate Change Adaptation Strategies (ICCAS) program.
Laws and Policies on Climate Change in BD: BCCSAPPreeti Sikder
After completion of this lesson, students will be able to -
a) understand the adaptation and mitigation measures taken by Bangladesh government;
b) describe the six pillars of BCCSAP
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
Global warming and energy are interconnected topics that work on the same basis. Generally what causes climate change is burning energy radiated from sun and stored in the earth's crust in the form of fossil fuel. We are giving earth double the amount of energy to release into space. The energy from the sun, and the sun's energy from the past; in the form of energy released from fossil fuel burning. The earth can't radiate heat out as fast as we generate energy. Thus, heat accumulates on earth and temperature rises indicating higher heat content for the planet.
We discuss:
-Day zero.
-The greenhouse effect.
-Svante Arrhenius Nobel prize winner and his discovery.
-Greenhouse gases.
-Different greenhouse gases: H2O, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, and Chlorofluorocarbons; We also discuss the difference between their effects and their concentrations.
Events caused by climate change:
-Hurricane Irma.
-South Asia floods.
-East Africa drought.
-Hurricane Harvey.
-Heat wave in India and Pakistan.
-NASA's new map for the world.
United nations legal instruments:
-Kyoto protocol.
-Paris agreement.
-Which countries emit the most greenhouse gas?
Solutions:
-Renewable energy.
-Reduce meat consumption.
-Fix devices instead of buying new one.
-Carbon Foot Print.
Ethiopia’s Climate Change Adaptation Policies: OverviewNAP Global Network
Presentation by Kahsay Hagos Kahsay, senior expert on Climate Change Planning and Program Preparation, as part of Ethiopia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Assembly
Environment and development are interlinked expressions. In fact there are the two sides of the same coin. The environmental degradation, in fact, started with the advent of human civilization. There is a mythological statement that the process of Adam and Eve who ate an apple and threw away the peels led to the onset of environmental degradation.
Presentation by Dr. Spencer Thomas, Grenadian climate change ambassador, at the workshop on " Scaling Up Adaptation: Strengthening alignment of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in Grenada" held in St. George’s, Grenada, on January 31 and February 1, 2019. This workshop was co-hosted by the NAP Global Network and the Grenadian Ministry of Climate Resilience, the Environment, Forestry, Disaster Management and Information, in collaboration with the Integrated Climate Change Adaptation Strategies (ICCAS) program.
Laws and Policies on Climate Change in BD: BCCSAPPreeti Sikder
After completion of this lesson, students will be able to -
a) understand the adaptation and mitigation measures taken by Bangladesh government;
b) describe the six pillars of BCCSAP
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
Global warming and energy are interconnected topics that work on the same basis. Generally what causes climate change is burning energy radiated from sun and stored in the earth's crust in the form of fossil fuel. We are giving earth double the amount of energy to release into space. The energy from the sun, and the sun's energy from the past; in the form of energy released from fossil fuel burning. The earth can't radiate heat out as fast as we generate energy. Thus, heat accumulates on earth and temperature rises indicating higher heat content for the planet.
We discuss:
-Day zero.
-The greenhouse effect.
-Svante Arrhenius Nobel prize winner and his discovery.
-Greenhouse gases.
-Different greenhouse gases: H2O, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, and Chlorofluorocarbons; We also discuss the difference between their effects and their concentrations.
Events caused by climate change:
-Hurricane Irma.
-South Asia floods.
-East Africa drought.
-Hurricane Harvey.
-Heat wave in India and Pakistan.
-NASA's new map for the world.
United nations legal instruments:
-Kyoto protocol.
-Paris agreement.
-Which countries emit the most greenhouse gas?
Solutions:
-Renewable energy.
-Reduce meat consumption.
-Fix devices instead of buying new one.
-Carbon Foot Print.
Ethiopia’s Climate Change Adaptation Policies: OverviewNAP Global Network
Presentation by Kahsay Hagos Kahsay, senior expert on Climate Change Planning and Program Preparation, as part of Ethiopia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Assembly
Environment and development are interlinked expressions. In fact there are the two sides of the same coin. The environmental degradation, in fact, started with the advent of human civilization. There is a mythological statement that the process of Adam and Eve who ate an apple and threw away the peels led to the onset of environmental degradation.
Linking the energy crisis with climate change, Ritu Mathu, TERI University, I...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
An overview of the predicted change in energy demand over time, given the projection that economic growth in the emerging and developing countries is not only overtaking growth in the industrialized countries, but that growth rates are poised to continue increasing and will make unsustainable demands on conventional energy resources, and especially fossil fuels unless drastic action, climate action in fact, is taken to address this concern.
Slide presentations developed to demonstrate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to address climate change, and why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development, in dealing with climate change and for climate and environmental action. These slide presentations were delivered in February 2011 in Seongnam, near Seoul in Korea.
These presentations were developed and delivered over 2.5 days on the occasion of a Regional Training of Trainers Workshop for upcoming Academy modules on ICT for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Abatement. These modules were developed as part of the Academy of ICT Essentials for Government leaders developed by the United Nations (UN) Asia Pacific Centre for ICT Training (APCICT), based in Songdo City, in the Republic of South Korea.
These presentations were developed in 2011, and are somewhat out of date, but most of the principles still apply. Module 10, which has been published, does not include much of the information outlined in these presentations, which are fairly technical. They were developed to address a significant gap in understanding of the technical basis of using ICTs for climate action and because there is a clear bias in development circles against the importance of dealing with climate change mitigation in developing countries. These presentations are an attempt to redress this lack and are published here with this purpose in mind.
The author, Richard Labelle, is presently working on updating these presentations to further highlight the importance of addressing climate change and the important role that technology including ICTs, play in this effort.
On 22 May, 2020, the International Day of Biological Diversity, the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) hosted an online event to discuss how we can translate the global ambition around nature-based solutions for climate change into local action.
This is a presentation given by Chip Cunliffe, sustainable development director at AXA XL.
More details: https://www.iied.org/nature-based-solutions-for-climate-change-global-ambition-local-action
Climate Change: Implications for EnergyECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the energy sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Climate change , it's impacts and adaption in NepalPrajjwalKoirala
Changing climate always has been a necessary topic and its a real thing happening around us. Its impact is seen in many field. But this slide mainly focuses on the agriculture faculty of climate change. And how Nepal is adapting to its impacts.
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus...Sage HR
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility:
“DieselGate” Outs Sustainable Business Sham
In September 2015, the automotive industry played witness to the largest scandal among its ranks in recent history, as Volkswagen was caught cheating with its pants down. The German car manufacturer had recently overtaken Toyota in sales, in the first half of 2015, to establish itself as the leader of the global car market. Though, this shouldn't have been a surprise to anyone, since VW was largely leading the automotive industry in terms of revenues, profits, and assets even in 2013.
The world was left with jaws agape in early September, as the German giant admitted to placing “cheat” software in roughly 11 million of its diesel-engined cars worldwide. Carried out since 2009 onwards, this subterfuge was perpetrated in an effort to deceive pollutant emissions testing in developed markets like US and EU. As investigations into the fraud continue, the primary reason seems to be that Volkswagen did not wish to install a Urea-based exhaust system marketed as AdBlue – roughly $336 per unit – into the “clean diesel” engines which they'd spent years developing for their 2009 models. In-house testing into the engines revealed that they emitted roughly 35 to 40 times the amount of nitrogen oxide, linked to smog, acid rain, asthma, and other illnesses, above the limits allowed by clean air legislation in developed nations.
Suddenly, the car manufacturer was faced with two options – go back to the drawing board and miss out on the 2009 car season, or spend exorbitant amounts of money to fix the problem by retro-fitting their engines with AdBlue. They chose option three – cheat through a “defeat device” software. Ironically, the test which ultimately uncovered the deception was carried out by independent American researchers – working for an NGO, rather than the EPA or other bigwig agencies – to show their European counterparts that diesel engines can be used with cleaner emissions. Despite their published efforts coming to light in 2014, however, the EPA was unable to make Volkswagen admit to the cheat till September 2015 – after threatening to withhold approval for VW's and Audi's 2016 diesel models.
Now, after having lost its CEO in the wake of the scandal alongwith almost a fifth of its share value, Volkswagen is looking at criminal investigations from the US and Chinese governments, a legal penalty for $18 billion for the roughly 482,000 cars it sold in US, and class-action lawsuits from owners of post-2009 VW Jetta, Golf, Beetle, and Passat, as well as similar Audi diesel models. Even though the firm has set aside roughly $7.3 billion to deal with this scandal, early projections show that this amount may be grossly insufficient.
By now, we're sure that you have a flood of unanswered questions – What are these “defeat devices”? How do they affect the car's performance?
For more visit > > > cake.hr
Linking the energy crisis with climate change, Ritu Mathu, TERI University, I...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
An overview of the predicted change in energy demand over time, given the projection that economic growth in the emerging and developing countries is not only overtaking growth in the industrialized countries, but that growth rates are poised to continue increasing and will make unsustainable demands on conventional energy resources, and especially fossil fuels unless drastic action, climate action in fact, is taken to address this concern.
Slide presentations developed to demonstrate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to address climate change, and why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development, in dealing with climate change and for climate and environmental action. These slide presentations were delivered in February 2011 in Seongnam, near Seoul in Korea.
These presentations were developed and delivered over 2.5 days on the occasion of a Regional Training of Trainers Workshop for upcoming Academy modules on ICT for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Abatement. These modules were developed as part of the Academy of ICT Essentials for Government leaders developed by the United Nations (UN) Asia Pacific Centre for ICT Training (APCICT), based in Songdo City, in the Republic of South Korea.
These presentations were developed in 2011, and are somewhat out of date, but most of the principles still apply. Module 10, which has been published, does not include much of the information outlined in these presentations, which are fairly technical. They were developed to address a significant gap in understanding of the technical basis of using ICTs for climate action and because there is a clear bias in development circles against the importance of dealing with climate change mitigation in developing countries. These presentations are an attempt to redress this lack and are published here with this purpose in mind.
The author, Richard Labelle, is presently working on updating these presentations to further highlight the importance of addressing climate change and the important role that technology including ICTs, play in this effort.
On 22 May, 2020, the International Day of Biological Diversity, the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) hosted an online event to discuss how we can translate the global ambition around nature-based solutions for climate change into local action.
This is a presentation given by Chip Cunliffe, sustainable development director at AXA XL.
More details: https://www.iied.org/nature-based-solutions-for-climate-change-global-ambition-local-action
Climate Change: Implications for EnergyECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the energy sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Climate change , it's impacts and adaption in NepalPrajjwalKoirala
Changing climate always has been a necessary topic and its a real thing happening around us. Its impact is seen in many field. But this slide mainly focuses on the agriculture faculty of climate change. And how Nepal is adapting to its impacts.
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus...Sage HR
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility:
“DieselGate” Outs Sustainable Business Sham
In September 2015, the automotive industry played witness to the largest scandal among its ranks in recent history, as Volkswagen was caught cheating with its pants down. The German car manufacturer had recently overtaken Toyota in sales, in the first half of 2015, to establish itself as the leader of the global car market. Though, this shouldn't have been a surprise to anyone, since VW was largely leading the automotive industry in terms of revenues, profits, and assets even in 2013.
The world was left with jaws agape in early September, as the German giant admitted to placing “cheat” software in roughly 11 million of its diesel-engined cars worldwide. Carried out since 2009 onwards, this subterfuge was perpetrated in an effort to deceive pollutant emissions testing in developed markets like US and EU. As investigations into the fraud continue, the primary reason seems to be that Volkswagen did not wish to install a Urea-based exhaust system marketed as AdBlue – roughly $336 per unit – into the “clean diesel” engines which they'd spent years developing for their 2009 models. In-house testing into the engines revealed that they emitted roughly 35 to 40 times the amount of nitrogen oxide, linked to smog, acid rain, asthma, and other illnesses, above the limits allowed by clean air legislation in developed nations.
Suddenly, the car manufacturer was faced with two options – go back to the drawing board and miss out on the 2009 car season, or spend exorbitant amounts of money to fix the problem by retro-fitting their engines with AdBlue. They chose option three – cheat through a “defeat device” software. Ironically, the test which ultimately uncovered the deception was carried out by independent American researchers – working for an NGO, rather than the EPA or other bigwig agencies – to show their European counterparts that diesel engines can be used with cleaner emissions. Despite their published efforts coming to light in 2014, however, the EPA was unable to make Volkswagen admit to the cheat till September 2015 – after threatening to withhold approval for VW's and Audi's 2016 diesel models.
Now, after having lost its CEO in the wake of the scandal alongwith almost a fifth of its share value, Volkswagen is looking at criminal investigations from the US and Chinese governments, a legal penalty for $18 billion for the roughly 482,000 cars it sold in US, and class-action lawsuits from owners of post-2009 VW Jetta, Golf, Beetle, and Passat, as well as similar Audi diesel models. Even though the firm has set aside roughly $7.3 billion to deal with this scandal, early projections show that this amount may be grossly insufficient.
By now, we're sure that you have a flood of unanswered questions – What are these “defeat devices”? How do they affect the car's performance?
For more visit > > > cake.hr
Global Medical Cures™ | ANTIOXIDANTS- Get the Facts!
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
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Global Medical Cures™ | Alzheimers Caregiver Guide
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Develop high quality Business requirements for Serialization/Track & Trace to provide a corporate vision, engage a large spectrum of
stakeholders, and efficiently deliver the solution releases
For Climate Change Workshop by British Computer Society on 17-Sep-08.
Physics & Chemistry of Climate Change,
Effects and Costs of Climate Change,
Geographical Information and use of it,
Some International Meetings and Local Authority Measures,
Climate Change Bill 2008,
Carbon trading / offsetting,
Reducing Carbon Emissions – Websites & Actions.
It includes:-
1. climate change
2. IPCC
3. India's role in IPCC
4. IPCC's report
5. India's initiatives for saving the environment.
6.activity
7. solutions
Climate Change & Its Implications to Livelihoods and Economic Development in...Dr. Joshua Zake
This paper was presented at the Climate Change workshop for Trocaire Partners in Lira Hotel, Lira, May 2008. The purpose of this briefing paper is to raise awareness about climate change, its social and economic development impacts in Uganda and hence the need for urgent actions by key stakeholders (including Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers, Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions, Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others) towards adaptation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change at various levels. The paper defines key terms and concepts in the context of climate change; discuses and analyses the implications of climate change to livelihoods and economic development in light of current relevant policies and programs at International and National levels. Local and International examples are used to justify the implications of climate change. It also gives possible appropriate strategies at policy and practice level for consideration in addressing the impacts of climate change in Uganda.
Addressing the Challenge of Climate Change and Environmental Degradation; A C...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation underscores the challenge of climate change and environmental degradation in respect to sustainable livelihoods, economic development and transformation. It underpins some actions and initiatives taken at the global and national levels to address the issues and suggests practical actions and recommendations for reflection for implementation going forward to advance climate change adaptation, environmental restoration & sustainable management.
Agriculture and Climate Change: Science and Policy Contexts FAO
Authors: Francesco N. Tubiello, MAGHG Team
-The Science Context: Climate Change Dimensions
-International Climate Policy
-Critical Issues for Agriculture in the coming decade
-The Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Project
-Objectives of the workshop
Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3-4 June 2013, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district...tsehayeadamu
The research was designed at addressing the national and local issues of climate change and was done by
investigating time series temperature and precipitation trends in Benishangul Gumuz Regional state of Ethiopia, Asosa District
in particular.
Is the Philippine Mining Industry Ready to Adapt to Climate Change?Fernando Penarroyo
The Philippine mining industry should take a proactive approach to climate change adaptation or face the consequences of larger economic losses on productivity, health and safety, environmental damage to agriculture and ecosystems, and loss of social license to operate in the host communities.
What's in it for South Asia? Key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Re...CDKN
This presentation, What's in it for South Asia? Key findings evaluates what the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report has to say about the future of South Asia's climate in a series of innovative infographics, key facts, statements and images.
This presentation is free to use by anyone for educational purposes. Please feel free to share the slideshow and help continue the discussion on climate change.
Rights, rewards and responsibilities: the future of Land Stewardship. Land re...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during a 2-days preparatory workshop to inform and raise awareness of stakeholders and to review country position paper on key priority negotiation issues at Conference of Parties (CoP) 15, that is due in in Abidjan, Ivory Cost from 9 - 20 May 2022. This was organized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization.
The presentation highlight some key issues and recommendations for reflection ahead of the CoP 15.
Key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry Sub-sector.Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered at the launch event for the Climate Technology Needs Assessment Report for Uganda. The event was organized by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology at the Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala on 21st March 2021. It presents the key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry sub sector in Uganda.
The role of Environmental Alert (EA), Networks and CSO partners and how they ...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation underpins the roles of the Environment and Natural Resources Civil Society Organizations (ENR-CSOs) in Uganda regarding effective implementation of the The role of Environmental Alert (EA), Networks and CSO partners and how they will contribute to successful implementation of the, ´Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD)’ Project.´ Thus, it also presents possible communication and coordination mechanisms mechanisms and strategies to advance meaningful poarticipation of the ENR-CSOs in project implementation.
National Forestry Policy Review; key emerging issues for Reflection and consi...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during a workshop that involved Members of Parliament on the Natural Resources and Climate Change Committee of Parliament. The workshop was organized by the Ecological Christian Organization. The objective of the workshop was to create awareness among the Honorable members of Parliament about the ongoing review of the National Forestry Policy, (a process coordinated by the Forest Sector Support Department in the Ministry of Water and Environment). Furthermore, to get their general feedback and specific inputs into the review process with due consideration of the various emerging issues in the Forestry sector over the last 18 years since the forestry policy and legal framework came into force in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Thus, the presentation raised various emerging issues in this respect for consideration during the review process and also suggested recommendation on how the Honorable Members of Parliament should proactively engage in the process to ensure that resultant policy framework adequately addresses the emerging issues and also stands the taste of time.
Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change Adaptation in the Forestry Sec...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during the 3rd Water and Environment Week, 2020 - organized by the Water Resources Institute - Ministry of Water and Environment and Partners in the period 16-18th September 2020. This events involved key stakeholders in the Water and Environment Sector for purposes of networking, information exchange and policy dialogue of key issues in the sector. Further information about UWEWK is available at: http://envalert.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Call-for-Abstracts-UWEWK-2020.pdf
The presentation gives the highlights of the Uganda Technology Needs Assessment Process, with a focus on the Forestry sector. Thus, it the prioritized technologies for advancing climate change adaptation in the forestry sub-sector in Uganda.
ENR-CSOs annual performance Report, 2019/20, Septemeber 2020.Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was delivered to key Water and Environment Sector stakeholders during the Ministry of Water and Environment Sector Performance Review/Validation Meeting
2020. The presentation provides highlights of the consolidated annual performance and contribution of the Environment and Natural Resources Civil Society Organizations contributions to the Water and Environment sector in Uganda. It also presents some of the key recommendations for consideration by the duty bearers and stakeholders towards addressing the Water and Environment sector challenges.
Certification in Uganda: Opportunities for forestry policy and law review pro...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during an interactive session in a training workshop on, ‘Forest Certification Module,‘ organized by the Ecological Christian Organization at Esella Country Resort Hotel, 17th July 2020. The presentation focus on, ‘Certification in Uganda: Opportunities for forestry policy and law review process.’ Thus, it highlights the emerging issues in respect to forest certification in Uganda and suggests recommendation of how these should be addressed in the ongoing review of the national forestry policy and legal framework in Uganda. This process is currently spearheaded and coordinated by the Forestry Sector Support Department (FSSD) of the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE).
Barrier Analyses and Enabling Framework Report for the Prioritized technologi...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during the national stakeholder’s workshop on barrier analyses and enabling framework for prioritized technologies for advancing climate change adaptation in the Agriculture, Forestry & Water sectors and mitigation in the Energy sector in Uganda.
The meeting was organized by the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST) in collaboration with the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations (MoSTI). It was held on 16-17th March 2020 1t UNCST offices in Ntinda, Kampala, Uganda.
This article was published in the New Vision of 1st January 2020.
It highlight the importance of the energy sector to livelihoods and overall economic development in Uganda. The underlying registered achievements by the Government of Uganda and partners. It will also underscore the implications of climate change and variability to the sector and lastly what should be done to have the sector adapted to climate change impacts by suggesting some targeted policy and practice recommendations.
Forestry in Uganda; Which way is it heading? Dr. Joshua Zake
This article was published in the Miti Magazine Issue 43 – July-September 2019 on pages, 46-49.
It presents and discusses the status of the forestry sector Uganda; the underlying emerging issues; the ongoing policy initiatives by Government and partners and suggests key recommendations for reflection and consideration to address some of the issues as part of the process for implementation of the forestry policies and strategies at different scales.
Curbing bush burning - A quick win to resilient and sustainable sesame produc...Dr. Joshua Zake
This key note address was prepared and presented to initiate discussions during a two (2) day Multi stakeholder platform (MSP) that took place from the 17th to 18th of December 2019 at Golden Peace Hotel in Gulu town. It was organized by SNV-Uganda as one of the outputs under the CRAFT project.
The project implementation is led by SNV in partnership with Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environment and Research (WEnR), CGIAR’s Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), AgriTerra and Rabo partnerships. The Climate resilient Agribusiness for tomorrow (CRAFT) project is a 5-year project that operates in in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Further information about the project is vailable at: https://snv.org/project/climate-resilient-agribusiness-tomorrow-craft
The objectives of the meeting were:
a. Understand the reason behind persistent bush burning and occasional shifting cultivation as a method of land clearing in Sesame production
b. Reflection on bush burning as a practice; and its effects on the biophysical and chemical environment.
c. Discuss possible remedial actions to curb the vice and agree on actionable points to prevent the use of bush burning as a method of land clearing.
d. Institute a working committee to take lead in implementing; and overseeing the implementation of strategy against the practice
Prolonged Droughts. Westnile and Northern Uganda on Fire. An article featured...Dr. Joshua Zake
I recently retrieved this article earlier published in the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) News in June 2011.
Unregulated bush burning is still a major challenge globally, nationally and locally. It’s associated with destruction and loss.
In this article the experiences of unregulated bush burning, particularly in West Nile and Northern Uganda is presented and discussed while suggesting some practical recommendations to deal with the issue.
Consultations with the Leadership, CSOs and Community in Greater Kampala Metr...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was delivered during the WATER SECURITY ACTION AND INVESTMENT PLAN (WSAIP) for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA) mission multi-stakeholder workshop held on 5th December 2019 at Golf course Hotel in Kampala.
It provides key highlights of the experiences of UWASNET and the ENR-CSO Network in respect to consultations with the Leadership, CSOs and Community in Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA) in the development of the Water Security Action and Investment Plan.
The workshop was conducted within the framework of the WSAIP project implemented by the Ministry of Water and Environment in collaboration with Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) and the Uganda Manufacturers Association (UMA) with funding from DFID’s Cities and Infrastructure for Growth Program and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and through coordination of GIZ under the International Water Stewardship Program (GIZ IWaSP).
The workshop provided opportunity for updating participants on the progress in developing the WSAIP. Participants will have the opportunity to validate the process used and interface with the consultant Industrial Economics Incorporated (IEc) who has supported the development of the plan and the WSAIP Tools i.e. the water security planning tool and project investment model.
The three overarching objectives of the WSAIP are:
(a) To build evidence of baseline and continued trends, the benefits of a water secure future, and the benefits of investment and action
(b) To use the evidence to catalyze actions and investments that systematically reduce water security risks and improve resilience
(c) To empower key stakeholders to understand, prioritize and monitor the changing landscape of water security and environmental threats.
WSAIP is a participatory stakeholder empowerment process delivering a multi-stakeholder owned plan to improve Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area’s water security, with the commitment of stakeholders to implement that plan. The plan will be comprised of a series of actions and investments options that improve water security in Greater Kampala that cut across water supply and sanitation services, water resources management, solid waste management, and urban and land-use planning to create an integrated approach to understanding and improving water security.
Over the last 10 months the project has implemented several successful activities with support and participation of various stakeholders from the private sector, government and civil society organizations.
Discussions for agreement on the specific details for the expansion of Agoro ...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered for discussions during the District Level Stakeholders Meeting for Agoro-Agu Landscape Platform Expansion, which was organized by the International Union for conservation of Nature on 6th June 2019. It highlighted key considerations for reflection to inform establishment of the platform in terms of focus and governance structures.
A Renewable Energy Civil Society Organization (RECSO) Network Memorandum/Posi...Dr. Joshua Zake
This is a memorandum/position paper is prepared by the Renewable Energy Civil Society Organization Network1 on the Draft National Energy Policy version of October 20192. It presents salient gaps in the policy and suggests practical recommendations of how they could be addressed in the Draft National Energy Policy document. It’s submitted to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD) for review and consideration of the recommendations into the final Energy Policy. The memorandum was generated based on gap analyses and synthesis of comments and inputs on the draft energy policy from individual members of the network. Furthermore, the draft memorandum was validated during a workshop organized by Environmental Alert, as the host for the RECSO Network Secretariat. The validation workshop was held on 1st November, 2009 at Imperial Royal Hotel and it actively involved participation of 30 (18 Males and 12 Females) members of network3. Other key stakeholders who participated included the Assistant Commissioner as a representative of the MEMD and the representative of the Consultants facilitating the process for review of the National Energy Policy, (2002). This engagement is part of the Environmental Alert led outputs under the project titled, ‘Increasing access to sustainable and renewable energy alternatives in the Albertine Graben,’ with financial support from Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation through World Wide Fund-Uganda Country Office. The memorandum/position paper presents both general and specific gaps and recommendations as detailed in sections 2 & 3 for consideration in the final National Energy Policy. The RECSO Network is available through the secretariat and steering committee to provide more information and clarifications on the memorandum/position paper.
School water, sanitation & hygiene (wash) clubs; indicators of an active club...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was made and delivered during an engagement with school leadership of 5 selected Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) schools in Kampala - with an objective of strengthening School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Clubs based on their role and contributions for advancing inclusive and sustainable WASH in schools. This is part of an initiative by Environmental Alert in collaboration with KCCA and Water Aid Uganda through the framework of the Sustainable WASH project. WASH project.
Sugarcane and Tobacco growing in Uganda: impacts on soil and water systems – ...Dr. Joshua Zake
In this paper, I shared issues and insights for sustainable production of agro-commodities using sugarcane and tobacco in Uganda as a case. It was presented during the stakeholders dialogue & inception meeting on, ‘Support to communities and private sector to develop partnerships for sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystem services, chemicals and waste management, held in Gulu and Masindi.
The meeting was organized by Tree Talk Plus in collaboration with the ENR-CSO Network, Environmental Alert, Ministry of water & Environment and United Nations Development Program through the framework of the Inclusive Growth for Poverty Reduction Program.
The Role of civil society organizations in the promotion of sustainable Bioma...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during the National Stakeholder’s Dialogue on Biomass Energy organized by the Ministry of Energy & Mineral Development, Environmental Alert, SNV, WWF-UCO, UNCDF as part of the several engagements of the Energy week 2019. It’s a platform for information sharing and exchange among key stakeholders in the sector with a purpose of appreciating emerging issues and together identifying practical actions for addressing these issues.
Enhancing CSO Coordination of CSOs in Biomass Energy Promotion in Uganda.Dr. Joshua Zake
The presentation was delivered during the Uganda National Stakeholder's Biomass Dialogue held on 15th September 2017 at Imperial Royal Hotel in Kampala. This engagement was part of the Annual Energy Week event organized by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development and Partners. The presentation highlights the status of Civil Society Coordination in respect to promoting sustainable biomass utilization in Uganda.
Key consideration on advancing improvement of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was made to during a joint reflection meeting that targeted key leaders of selected Kampala City Council Authority (KCCA) schools involved in Sustainable Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Project. It implemented in Kansanga and Kamwokya Parishes by Environmental Alert in Collaboration with KCCA and Water Aid – Uganda with Financial Support from the H&M Foundation.
The engagement provided an opportunity for the respective schools leadership to validate the results of the assessment of the status of WASH in the respective schools.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
3. INSIGHTS FOR LONG TERM ADAPTATION
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Contents
Introduction 5
1.0 Background 6
1.1 A brief about Environmental Alert’s Program 6
1.2 Salient aspects on climate change discourse at international,
regional, sub regional, national and local level 7
2.0 General implications of climate change on livelihood
and economic development 17
3.0 Addressing climate change in Uganda; Key issues for
policy and practice change 18
3.1 Climate change variability and uncertainty 18
3.2 Limited awareness/knowledge and information about climate
change and associated impacts 20
3.3 Weak climate change adaptation capacity at all levels 20
3.4 Inadequate policies and strategies to guide and support climate
change adaptation 22
3.5 Weak policy implementation and governance 23
3.6 Poor coordination of climate change adaptation initiatives 24
3.7 Limited research on climate change 24
3.8 Climate change sensitivity and vulnerability 25
4.0 Practical Recommendations towards climate
change adaptation in Uganda 26
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5.0 An Appeal 30
6.0 Selected references for further readings 31
6.1 Bibliography 31
6.2 Key web based resources 32
7.0 About the Authors 34
8.0 About Environmental Alert 34
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Climate is the prevailing or
average weather conditions of
a place as determined by the
temperature and metrological
change over a period of time.
Various factors determine
climate and the most important
are rainfall and temperature
(NAPA, 2007).
Climate change refers to any
change in climate over time,
whether due to natural causes
or as a result of human activity
(IPCC, 2001a).
Global Warming is the
gradual increase in the
average temperature on the
earth and affects all sectors
of development. It is the
documented historical warming
of the earth’s surface based
upon the worldwide temperature
records which have been
maintained by humans since
1880s. In real terms, it is the
historical and/or recent climate
change on the global scale
(Ugandan NAPA, 2007).
Introduction
This briefing paper highlights key challenges and issues for
consideration in policy development and planning processes at
community, local, national and regional levels towards creating
awareness and building resilience to climate change impacts in
Uganda. It’s an output from a review of various documents and
literature on climate change impacts and responses in Uganda
and else where. Furthermore, it’s informed by Environmental
Alert’s experiences and lessons generated through facilitating
initiatives to support climate change adaptation at community
and local levels particularly in the West Nile region (in the districts
of Adjumani, Moyo and Yumbe) and Lukwanga Parish in Wakiso
district, Central region of Uganda; and also targeted engagement
with key policy and decision makers at all levels including local,
national, regional and international on issues of climate change. It
is targeting key stakeholders at all levels (including local leaders,
Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers,
Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions,
Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others;
to mainstream, prioritize and support climate change adaptation
actions at all levels of planning and development.
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1.0 Background
Some facts about climate change:
Average global temperatures are rising, making
the 20th
century the warmest, the world has ever
seen in 1,000 years, since the 1980s were the
warmest decades on record;
Climate change and the threat of related extreme
conditions like flood and droughts have major
implications for development particularly in poor
countries like Uganda;
Already, countries like Uganda have borne
the effects of climate with clear changes in
precipitation (rainfall), water availability, length of
seasons, incidents of extreme weather patterns,
floods, desertification, distribution and prevalence
of pests and diseases;
Areas like Kabaale that used to have cold
weather are now warming up which has
increased incidents of malaria than previously
reported;
1.1 A brief about Environmental Alert’s Program
Environmental Alert’s new program, titled, ‘Harnessing the Environment for Inclusive and Sustained
Development, 2009 – 2011,’ was developed out of realization that climate change would undo all the
achievements registered by EA over the last 20 years in respect to advancing practice and policy change
for improved livelihoods and suatainable natural resources management in Uganda. The program has
3 program areas and 1 institutional component including Addressing natural resource degradation and
action on Climate Change; Enhancing Food and malnutrition security; Promotion of environmentally
sound community ENR based enterprises; and Effectiveness, Efficiency and Institutional development,
respectively.
PhotobyEnvironmentalAlert
At global level, about 40% of all the carbon
emitted by human activity has come from
cutting forests. Stopping deforestation is, in
principle, cheap and simple;
Livestock and livestock-related activities
such as deforestation and increasingly fuel-
intensive farming practices are responsible
for over 18% of human-made greenhouse
gas emissions.
Figure 1.
Conversion of wetlands along River Nile
banks into Maize gardens in Adjumani and
Moyo, West Nile, Uganda; an unsustainable
climate change coping mechanism
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It is being implemented in geographical areas which were
identified as hotspots for high rate of natural resources
degradation, high poverty levels and food insecurity for
livelihoods for purposes of leveraging but may occasionally be
an entry point to area-wide ecosystem based interventions. i.e.
West Nile Region in the districts of Adjumani, Moyo and Yumbe,
Eastern Region in the districts of Tororo and Sironko; Central
region in the district of Wakiso and Kampala; Western region
in the district of Kyenjojo, Mubende and Kamwenge. Specific
to natural resources management in the new program, EA has
evolved an ecosystems approach to planning and development
which is holistic and involves area wide ecosystem based
interventions.
The overall goal of EA program is to, ‘enhance capacities of
rural poor communities to attain sustainable livelihoods and
adapt to climate change through natural resources enterprise.’
In the implementation of her program EA ensures that other
key stakeholders are actively involved and opportunities for
collaboration and partnerships are sought to build synergies,
minimize duplication and ensure sustainability of facilitated
initiatives.
1.2 Salient aspects on climate change
discourse at international, regional,
sub regional, national and local level
The following sections present some of the key processes
and actions that have been undertaken and or still on going
towards combating the climate change challenge and impacts
at international, regional, sub regional, national and local levels.
International
The United Nations Charter provides for number of multi-lateral
agreements but also guides and influences international actions
on development and environment protection. It is the foundation
for various multi-lateral agreements which Uganda is a signatory
to such as: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), Convention to Combat Desertification
(CCD), Kyoto Protocol and the MDGs.
UNFCCC provides an international framework for mitigating
causes of climate change and its effects at both international
Climate change discourse
and key milestones at
international level
1979 - First World Climate
Conference held in Geneva,
Switzerland
1985 - United Nations
Environmental Program/ World
Metrological Organization held
the conference on green house
emissions especially carbon
dioxide
1988 - Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change established
by United Nations Environmental
Program/ World Metrological
Organization (www.ipcc.ch)
1994 - United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change came into force
1997 - Kyoto Protocol drawn up
and came into force in 2005. The
United States of America, one of
the leading polluters refused to
sign it
2006 - Asia-Pacific Partnership
for Clean Development which
comprises of USA, Australia,
China, India, South.Korea and
Japan
2006 - Stern report highlighting
the economic rationale and
implication for Climate change
published
2007 - Thirteeth conference of
parties in Bali, which drew a
roadmap towards Copenhagen
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and national level. Indeed it commits countries to integrate
climate change issues into their national planning process,
sub regional or regional programs. Its objective is to stabilize
concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere at a manageable
level; permitting development to proceed in a sustainable
manner and natural ecosystems to recover from shocks of
climate change. Each year the 192 countries that are party
to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change hold a
“Conference of Parties” (COP) - this is the highest organ in
climate negotiations and it is here all decisions of importance
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) are made. All countries that have signed
the UNFCCC are represented. The agenda and background
material for the conferences is formulated and set out by
the UN Climate Change Secretariat in Bonn, while the host
country has the responsibility to make premises available. A
total of 15 COPs have been held, the latest in Copenhagen,
Denmark, in December 2009.
Unfortunately,theCOP15didnotachieveabindingagreement
for long-term action. A 13-paragraph ‘political accord’ i.e.
Copenhagen Accord was negotiated by approximately 25
parties including US and China, but it was only ‘noted’ by the
COP as it is considered an external document, not negotiated
within the UNFCCC process. The accord was notable in
that it referred to a collective commitment by developed
countries for new and additional resources, including forestry
and investments through international institutions that will
approach USD 30 billion for the period 2010 - 2012.
Longer-term options on climate financing mentioned in
the accord are being discussed within the UN Secretary
General’s High Level Advisory Group on Climate Financing,
which is due to report in November 2010. The negotiations on
extending the Kyoto Protocol had unresolved issues as did
the negotiations on a framework for long-term cooperative
action. The working groups on these tracks to the negotiations
are now due to report to COP 16 and Meeting of Parties of
Kyoto Protocol (MOP) 6 in Mexico (Wikipedia, 2010).
A total of 138 parties expressed their intention to the
UNFCCC Secretariat to be list as being in agreement with the
Copenhagen Accord. On 22nd April 2010, Uganda formally
submitted letter to the United Nations indicating association
with the Copenhagen Accord (UNFCCC, 2010).
Some key criticisms over the
Copenhagen accord include:
The accord is not legally binding;
No decision was taken on whether to
agree a legally binding successor or
complement to the Kyoto Protocol;
The accord sets no real targets to
achieve in emissions reductions;
The accord was drafted by only five
countries;
The mobilization of 100 billion dollars
per year to developing countries will
not be fully in place until 2020;
There is no guarantee or information
on where the climate funds will come
from;
There is no agreement on how much
individual countries would contribute
to or benefit from any funds;
COP delegates only “took note” of the
Accord rather than adopting it;
The accord does not present an
international approach to technology;
Forgets fundamental sectoral
mitigation, as transportation;
It shows biases in silent ways such
as the promotion of incentives on low
gas-emitting countries;
It commits developing countries to
new obligations regarding mitigation
actions, without adequate finance and
technology. It imposes more stringent
emission reduction burdens on
developing than developed countries;
The Accord undermines the UN
process, the agreed principles of
the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol,
especially equity and common but
differentiated responsibility, and
threatens a deal under the UN that will
truly safeguard Africa’s future.
Source: Wikipedia, (2010) and PACJA,
(2010)
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The Clean Development Mechanism
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) makes it possible for companies or countries that have to
reduce emissions under the Kyoto Protocol to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries.
Such projects must contribute to sustainable development. The CDM leads to significant long-term
investment; it creates jobs and income, triggers transfer of technology and helps developing countries
to adopt climate-sensitive low carbon development paths. CDM projects cover many sectors, including
sustainable energy production and use, waste treatment, reforestation and biofuels. Access of such funds
is very competitive and involves development of project proposals and the most appropriate proposal
based on specific criteria is chosen. Uganda has already benefited from the CDM projects for instance the
Nyagak mini-hydro project implemented in Nebbi district; and solid waste composting project in the first
phase implemented nine municipalities and town councils of Jinja, Mbale, Soroti, Lira, Fort Portal, Kasese,
Kabale, Mbarara and Mukono to set up composting plants for the solid waste generated in these towns
(Musoke, 2008).
CDM of the Kyoto protocol compensates countries which take actions tending to reduce carbon
emissions. Where as this is an opportunity, there is no established institutional and legal framework to
attract investments in CDM (PEAP, 2004/2005) in Uganda. However, the geographic distribution of CDM
projects remains uneven. The bulk of the projects are currently located in Asia and Central/South America.
The reasons for this are multifaceted, and include the complexity and high transaction cost of registration,
but also weak institutional capacity and a poor investment climate. Both capacity building and technical
support are needed to increase the participation of least developed countries (LDCs) and small island
states (SIDS) in the CDM.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus (REDD+)
According to FAO (2000), a forest refers to land with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more
than 10 percent and area of more than 0.5 ha. In this case, the trees should be able to reach a minimum
height of 5 m at maturity in situ. Deforestation is a non-temporary change of land use from forest to other
land use or depletion of forest crown cover to less than 10 percent. Clear cuts (even with stump removal)
if shortly followed by reforestation for forestry purposes are not considered deforestation (FAO, 2000).
Whereas, forest degradation is the impoverishment of standing woody material mainly caused by human
activities such as over-grazing, over-exploitation (for firewood in particular), repeated fires, or due attacks
by insects, diseases, plant parasites or other natural causes such as cyclones, both processes of
deforestation and forest degradation are associated with release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Figure 3 shows the relative fraction of man-made greenhouse gases coming from each of eight categories
of sources, as estimated by the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 3.2, fast
track 2000 project. These values provide a snapshot of global annual greenhouse gas emissions in the
year 2000. The top panel shows the sum over all man-made greenhouse gases, weighted by their global
warming potential over the next 100 years. This consists of 72% carbon dioxide, 18% methane, 8% nitrous
oxide and 1% other gases. Lower panels show the comparable information for each of these three primary
greenhouse gases, with the same coloring of sectors as used in the top chart. Segments with less than
1% fraction are not labeled.
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About 20% of global CO2 emissions are caused by deforestation. In LDCs, 62% of total emissions originate
in land-use change and primarily deforestation. For Uganda’s case, some of the causes of deforestation
include conversion for agriculture, settlement and urbanization. In addition majority of Ugandans depend
on fuel wood as a source of energy at household levels, hence forest trees are cut for production of charcoal.
This trend is likely to increase unless other livelihood opportunities are provided as alternatives.
Notably, regions with the highest deforestation rates in the world are Africa, Latin America and South-East
Asia/Pacific. Deforestation has multiple economic, socio-political, demographic and environmental causes:
logging, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, use of biomass as main energy resource, but
also policy and institutional failures, and cultural factors. The importance of engaging in meaningful action
to combat deforestation is recognized in the UNFCCC and Parties are discussing policies and approaches
to reduce emissions from deforestation in a post-2012 international agreement on climate change. The
discussions are directed towards voluntary commitments by developing countries, which would take
action to reduce their current deforestation levels and be rewarded on the basis of avoided emissions.
Parties are expected to agree during the scheduled COPs to initiate pilot activities that will help countries
to prepare for the future scheme to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. REDD+
is understood to include the policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation,
sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (Bali Action Plan, 2007).
Figure 2:
Land degradation in Adjumani district,
West Nile, Uganda
By Wikipedia, 2010Photo by Environmental Alert
Figure 3:
Annual global greenhouse gas
emissions by sector
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Sub regional Initiatives
At the sub regional level there exists initiatives from both governments and civil society’s side with a
broader interest of influencing the global negotiations and decisions made on climate change during the
COP meetings. Some of the initiatives include the following:
The African Ministers Conference on Environment (AMCEN) – This is an initiative by African Ministers of
Environment. Various AMCEN conferences have been held towards building a common position and
voice as Africa, which is taken in the global discussion and negotiations on climate change;
The Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA) – this is a network of African CSOs advocating for climate
justice and particularly influence the African position on climate change and subsequent climate
change negotiations;
The East African Community Climate Change Policy - was developed as a result of a directive by the Heads
of State of the East African Community (EAC) Partner States, at their 11th Summit Meeting, which was
held in Arusha, Tanzania on 20th November 2009 to address the adverse impacts of Climate Change
in the region. It is responding to the growing concern about the increasing threats of the negative
Climate Change impacts to the development of set targets and goals in the region. Furthermore, it’s
a fulfillment of one of the objectives of the Community; to develop policies and programs aimed at
widening and deepening cooperation among Partner States. The overall objective of the East African
Community Climate Change Policy is; ‘to guide Partner States and other stakeholders on the preparation
and implementation of collective measures to address Climate Change in the region while assuring
sustainable social and economic development. (EAC, 2010).
African Forestry Forum Initiative – this is CSO initiative comprising of researchers, academia, private
sector and NGOs in forestry with a focus on climate change and forests.
The Forest Dialogues (TFD) - The Forest dialogue (TFD) was formed in 1999 as an out growth of dialogues
which were initiated under the auscipieces of the World Bank, World Business Council for Sustainable
Development and World Resources Institute. These dialogues converged to create TDF when leaders
decided to build an on-going, civil society driven, multi-stakeholder dialogue platform and process to
address important global forestry issues. Overtime, TDF has organized various dialogues on forest
and climate; investing in locally controlled forests; intensively managed planted forests; Forests and
poverty reduction; Forests and biodiversity conservation; and Illegal logging and forests governance.
National
Uganda being signatory to the UNFCCC is obliged to develop and implement strategies at local and
national levels to contribute to the overall goal of the combating climate change. In this respect, the
following initiatives have been undertaken by the Government and other stakeholders at the national
level.
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(i) Development of the Uganda National
Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA)
The development of NAPA by Least Developed
Countries (LDC) and small island developing
countries was initiated at the seventh Conference
of Parties held in Marrakech, Morocco following
a general concern and recognition that LDC and
small island developing countries are the most
vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change.
It provides a framework for programs/projects
with actions to address and adapt to the impacts
of climate change in Uganda. NAPAs are quick
channels of communicating urgent and immediate
adaptation needs to COP 7 of the UNFCCC. COP
7 adopted a decision to establish an LDC fund to
support the preparation and implementation of
NAPAs. In Uganda, the preparation of NAPA was
completed and it estimated to cost 39.8 billion US
dollars (Figure 4). A strategy for its implementation
was developed under the leadership of the
Metrology department, but not yet implemented
because of lack of funds.
(ii) Establishment of the Climate Change Unit in
the Ministry of Water and Environment.
The unit has a key role of coordinating climate
change activities among the different sectors in
the country.
(iii) The REDD readiness process in Uganda
The development of the REDD+ readiness plan
for Uganda is led and coordinated by the Ministry
of Water and Environment through the National
Forestry Authority (NFA). Currently, through initial
interventions facilitated by Environment Alert
among other stakeholders, a National REDD
working group has been established to provide
strategic guidance on REDD processes in the
Country; REDD Secretariat established at National
Forestry Authority for effective coordination of the
REDD processes; and a new timeline to develop
a REDD readiness Plan for Uganda has been
develop and ounce completed will be submitted to
Key Definitions
REDD – refers to reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation. REED+
includes other actions which reduce emissions
from other land uses beyond forestry e.g.
agriculture
REDD + Principles
(i) REDD+ finance should be sufficiently
robust to deal with in-country and
international leakage, use credible
baselines, must achieve verifiable
additionality, and result in value for money
(ii) REDD+ should result in real reduction of
carbon dioxide, enhance forest ecosystem
functions and the supply of critical
ecosystem services, protect and respect
the rights of indigenous Peoples and local
communities, and ensure equitable benefit
sharing
(iii) In addition to reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation
REDD+ finance mechanisms should also
create incentives for additional actions
in forest conservation, sustainable forest
management, and the enhancement of
carbon sinks
Figure 4: Uganda’s NAPA budget
Community tree planting $5.5 bn
Land degradation management $4.7 bn
Strengthening meteorological services $6.5 bn
Community water and sanitation $4.7 bn
Water for production $5.0 bn
Drought adaptation $3.0 bn
Vectors, pests and disease control $8.0 bn
Indigenous knowledge and NR management $1.3 bn
Climate change and development planning $1.2 bn
Total $39.8 bn
Source: Uganda NAPA, 2007
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the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility of the World
bank for funding and actual implementation.
Critical questions which Uganda should address
in the ongoing process for development of the
REDD+ readiness plan for Uganda include the
following:
a. Should REDD+ be implemented as a parallel
program or should it be integrated in existing
development initiatives as appropriate?
b. How can REDD+ initiatives/activities be
integrated in existing policies and programs at
National and Local levels?
c. How can local stakeholders (forest dependent
communities, local governments) where the
implementation of REDD+ projects is expected
to happen be actively involved in planning and
implementation to ensure that their rights and
concerns are addressed?
d. What is the place/role of the other ecosystems
and land uses (e.g. wetlands, grasslands,
agriculture) regarding REDD+? There is a
notion/thinking that REDD+ is about forests
alone.
e. How can inter-sectoral planning and
implementation be advanced to address the
Figure 5:
A well conserved section
of Zoka Central forest
reserve in Adjumani
district, West Nile,
Uganda
Figure 6.
Key challenges faced by the REDD+
Readiness process in Uganda
Limited awareness and access to
information on REDD+ at various levels
Integration of REDD+ initiatives in the
wider development strategies at various
levels
Clarifying tree and carbon rights and
related implications for land tenure
Limited capacity related to implementation
of REDD+ projects/initiatives
Limited funding/investments in REDD+
and how it can be made sufficient,
sustained, locally owned and viable to the
investors.
Who determines the price of carbon? Will
the determined market price offset the
costs related to REDD+ activities
Clarification of benefit sharing and
distribution mechanisms at various levels
Lack of supportive legal and policy
frameworks to guide implementation of
REDD + initiatives
Understanding land use and livelihood
relationships, economics/opportunity
costs.
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real drivers of deforestation, especially those outside the forestry sector e.g. Energy, Agriculture and
Infrastructure expansion?
f. What land tenure, security and access rights regime will ensure sustainability of REDD+ initiatives?
g. Is REDD+ targeting only Forest reserves, national game reserves or even private plantation forests,
Natural forest on private land or both?
h. Should carbon credits from REDD+ be considered as additional incentives and benefits along side
other ecosystem services and products as a result of sustainable natural resources management or
should they be considered as sole payments for sustainable natural resources management?
i. How can effective coordination for active and productive involvement of key stakeholders in the
development of the REDD+ readiness plan, strategy and associated implementation be advanced?
j. Forestry (and or natural resources) governance – How can political decision making reinforce policy
making and implementation and vice versa? Hence, are the decisions made on policy provisions or
not? What about the weak enforcement of forestry and other relevant policies and legislation; What
about transparency and financial accountability in the implementation of programs and projects?
(iv) Development of the National development Plan (NDP) for Uganda
The development and implementation of the NDP 2010/11-2014/15 is coordinated by the National
Planning Authority. The NDP envisions, ‘a transformed Ugandan Society from a peasant to a modern and
prosperous country within 30 years.’ The theme of the plan is, ‘Growth, Employment and Social Economic
transformation and Prosperity.’ The plan appreciates and recognizes the challenges climate change brings
in terms of ensuring sustainable livelihoods, growth and development. In this respect there is an objective
on promoting sustainable population and use of the environment and natural resources. Furthermore,
the plan considers climate change as an enabling sector and commits key strategies for management
of climate change in Uganda including the following: Addressing legal and institutional frameworks
necessary for the implementation of the UNFCCC; Re-defining climate change as a development issue;
and providing and promoting incentives for clean development (NDP 2010/11-2014/15). This is good
step towards addressing climate change impacts in Uganda. In addition, it’s important for productive
Figure 7:
A well managed and
conserved landscape in
Kabale district
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stakeholder’s involvement in the implementation of the plan and
ensuring adequate financial resources allocation to the sector for
effective implementation of the committed strategies.
(v) Climate Action Network Uganda (CAN-U)
CAN-U is a loose coalition of non-governmental organizations
advocating for Climate adaptation justice in Uganda. Its
secretariat is hosted by Oxfam Great Britain in Kampala, Uganda.
CAN-U mobilizes non-governmental organizations for a common
position on climate change issues to influence global negotiations
and decisions on climate change during the COP meetings.
(vi) Multi-stakeholder Programme Implementation
Most of these program/projects have a common goal for
contributing to poverty reduction, food security and environmental
conservation and sustainability. Some of the projects from the
government side include National Agricultural Advisory Services,
Farm Income Enhancement and Forest Conservation Project and
Northern Uganda Social Action Fund among others. The key gap
in implementation of these projects is that they are not proactively
integrating and supporting climate change adaptation practices,
hence they are still doing business as usual even in the current
context where climate has changed. This is partly because at the
timeoftheirconception,climatechangeinformationandvariability
was not considered to inform the underlying strategies. Despite
this, the implementation of these projects provides opportunity for
mainstreaming community climate change adaptation actions.
Environmental Alert is contributing to bridge this gap through
piloting and supporting climate change adaptation actions
to build community resilience to climate change impacts in
Lukwanga parish, Wakiso district in Central Uganda and along
the river Nile basin in West Nile region, particularly in the
districts of Adjumani, Moyo and Yumbe. The initiative involves
capacity building and awareness for climate change adaptation
among key stakeholders including natural resources dependent
communities, Civil Society, schools leadership, local government
technical and political leaders in the region. Particular focus is
placed on targeted documentation of climate change impacts
and associated area wide dissemination through proactive
engagement with the media.
Hi Joshua
Thanks for the briefing notes on
Environmental Alert facilitated
climate change adaptation
initiatives; you have sent us, it
can throw more light and fact
to the effort of Moyo District
Farmers Associations (MDFA)
to sensitize her member
farmers on climatic change. I
am glad to inform you that the
association has so far used the
opportunity of farmers open
day in the seven sub counties
of Moyo District to sensitize
the farmers on impact and
coping mechanism for climatic
change. The theme of the
farmers open day was ‘climatic
change and its impact on
Agriculture’.Itwassuccessfully
done and attended by over
2,000 farmers; we invited the
head of department for natural
resourcefromlocalgovernment
to lead the discussion with the
farmers assisted by EA Moyo.
16. INSIGHTS FOR LONG TERM ADAPTATION
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In the process, climate change adaptation practices and
technologies are demonstrated, supported and promoted
through integrated enterprises approaches to provide
alternative livelihood opportunities for vulnerable natural
resources dependent communities.
Besides the local level interaction on climate change, EA
proactively engages key policy and decision makers at local
and national level on particular aspects of climate change
such as mainstreaming climate change adaptation in planning
and development; and advancement of the REDD+ readiness
process for Uganda. This is achieved through targeted
dialogues which provide opportunities for sharing experiences
on the subject from the field.
(vii) Scoping studies and consultative processes on climate
change impacts in Uganda by various development partners
to inform their strategic plans e.g. United Kingdom Department
for International Development, United Nations Development
Program, European Union, Food and Agriculture Organization,
Katoomba Group, DENIVA. The respective study reports have
been published. They have a wealth of information on the state
of climate change impacts in Uganda and present various
recommendations to address the challenge.
A National stakeholders workshop
towards advancing REDD+
readiness in Uganda, organized
by Environmental Alert and other
stakeholders earmarked key
actions that resulted in formation
of a National REDD working group
charged with providing strategic
guidance in the development of
the RRP for Uganda. Furthermore,
a web based yahoo group (i.e.
ugandareddwg@yahoogroups.com
) was formed to facilitate sharing
and exchange of information on the
process among key stakeholders
at all levels. Thus the processes
for development of the RRP for
Uganda is on to come up with a
final document for submission to
the World Bank for funding and
subsequent implementation under
the Forest Carbon Partnership
Fund.
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2.0 General implications of climate change
on livelihood and economic development
The impacts of climate change have grave implications on livelihood and economic development such
as destruction of property (crop fields, animals, houses and roads among others) making the affected
communities even more vulnerable. These communities have limited capacity to adapt to the impacts of
climate change. There is inadequate access to information (in relation to weather and climate, environmental
rights, policies and laws) by the communities, thereby limiting their preparedness for adaptation and
coping mechanisms to climate change. Additionally, there is limited knowledge and varied understanding
of climate change issues and their implications to livelihood and economic development among different
stakeholders at various levels. Also worthwhile to note is the inadequate information flow and networking
among stakeholders on issues of climate change at local, national, regional and international levels.
Furthermore, there are inadequacies in supportive policies and institutional frameworks at all levels
(local, national, regional and global) to address the impacts of climate change. Indeed climate change
threatens to undo many decades of development efforts thereby frustrating poverty eradication programs
and undermining the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG 1 & 7 i.e. for eradication
of extreme poverty and hunger; and integrating the principles of sustainable development into country
policies and programs and reverse loss of environmental resources) in Uganda. More details of key issues
and challenges on climate change in Uganda are diagnosed in Section 3.0.
Photo by Pilgrim
Figure 8.
Teso Floods in 2007
Some common climate change impacts in
Uganda:
In each decade since 1950, average maximum
and minimum temperatures have increased;
Extreme torrential rainfall and associated floods
resulting in loss of life and property;
Variability in type, amount and frequency of
rainfall which affects agricultural productivity;
Regular severe droughts, with associated
famine;
Receding and falling water levels in lakes and
rivers particularly, Lake Victoria and River Nile;
Increasing incidences of malaria in places such
as Kabale where it wasn’t prevalent before;
Receding ice caps on mountain Rwenzori.
Source: Uganda NAPA, 2007
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3.0 Addressing climate change in Uganda;
Key issues for policy and practice change
This section presents salient issues for consideration by key
stakeholders to advance responsiveness and adaptation to
climate change impacts at household, community, local, national
and international levels in Uganda. Each issue is diagnosed to
clarify the root causes and associated implications to livelihoods
and economic development.
3.1 Climate change variability and uncertainty
Climate change is mainly caused by the production of green
house gases from human activities including agricultural
production, industrialization, burning of fossil and bio fuels, and
deforestation among others (Stern, 2006). These gases react with
the thin layer (Ozone) which protects the earth from direct heat
from the sun. When this layer is depleted, sun rays hit directly on
the earth resulting in temperature raises which influence climate
on the earth and these changes manifest as global warming,
prolonged droughts, and unreliable rainfall. The developed
countries particularly United States of America and European
Union member states among others are the largest producers
of these emissions and hence the largest contributors to climate
change (Praveen, 2005). However, developing countries such as
China and India with rapid economic growth are beginning to
have an increasing contribution to climate change.
Greenhouse gases are gaseous
elements of the atmosphere that
absorb and emit radiation. They
exist naturally in the Earth’s
atmosphere and are part of
what keeps the Earth warm and
habitable. The Earth is balanced
like a greenhouse whereby the
atmosphere allows heat from
the sun in, but only lets a certain
amount out. Thus, the Earth can
support life just like a greenhouse
does. Examples of greenhouse
gases include carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide. A
portion of greenhouse gases
occur naturally; the rest are
human-made. Because of human-
caused greenhouse gases, the
Earth is heating up, leading to
such drastic effects like global
warming and climate change
(ecomii, 2009).
Figure 9:
An illustrative
explanation of the climate
change phenomenon
during a community
awareness interaction in
Zoka, Adjumani district,
West Nile, Uganda
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Uncertainty in climate change predictions arise from lack of knowledge and human actions especially
errors in measurement (Kabat, 2009). Climate change variability and uncertainity has implications on
livelihood and economic development in Uganda. Considering Uganda’s economy which is agro based
with agriculture alone contributing 34% of national Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and employing close
to 80% of the population (UBOS, 2006). The increase in Uganda’s population raises demand for food and
fiber thereby increasing pressure on natural ecosystems.
Climate change manifesting as prolonged droughts, unreliable rainfall patterns and floods exerts more
pressure on natural resources and has implications to the Ugandan economy, which largely depends
on rain-fed agriculture which is more vulnerable to climatic variability. Declining crop yields, especially
in Africa, could leave hundreds of millions without the ability to produce or purchase sufficient food. In
‘The climate has changed dramatically and
it is unreliable i.e. we are no longer sure
whether it will rain tomorrow or not. This
has great implication for livelihood and
economic development for the Country
whose economy is agriculture and natural
resource based and also to a greater extent
depending on rain fed agriculture.’
Uganda especially in Eastern and Northern parts
of Teso and Lango, floods cut off the road network
making communication difficult; submerged crop
fields and destroyed crops and this will result in long
term famine and increase in cost of food. This meant
that over 1000 families were affected with famine and
not able to meet their daily food requirements and
subsequently addressing this requires adequate
and timely provision of relief food rations to save
their lives.
Falling farm incomes increase poverty and reduce
the ability of households to invest in a better future,
forcing them to use up meager savings just for
survival. Furthermore, droughts lower the productive
capacity of the country; reducing its agricultural
exports, increasing food prices leading to food
shortages, nutritional deficiencies and an unstable
macro economy.
Secondly, livestock production is equally important
to economic growth and development in Uganda.
It contributes 7.5% of the GDP which is 17% of the
Figure 10.
Thunder storm destroys house and
property in Nabukalu village, Wakiso
district, Central Uganda
Figure 11:
Flood homestead in Moyo district,
Uganda
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agricultural GDP (UBOS, 2006). It highly depends on rain water
for the growth of pastures and water for animals to feed and
drink, respectively. Livestock production is largely concentrated
along ‘the cattle corridor’ which runs from southwest to northeast
across Uganda, encompassing 29 districts. This is one of the
most degraded areas in Uganda with a lot of soil erosion, poor
soil fertility and water scarcity due prolonged droughts (NEMA,
2001). The climate change will worsen the current conditions
resulting in loss of pastures and drying of water reserves.
These increased trends of degradation in the area will greatly
reduce livestock productivity and subsequently its contribution
to the economy. Additionally, it will trigger conflicts among
the herders/pastoralists but also the neighboring (Land, Land
use and Soils Program, 2006). Over all, given that the national
budget projections are heavily reliant on export revenue from
agricultural produce, this poses a challenge of where such
revenues will be generated from when climate change unfolds
its implications on the agricultural sector as discussed above.
3.2 Limited awareness/knowledge and information about climate change and
associated impacts
Various stakeholders (such as natural resource users, political leaders at all levels and technical leaders
at all levels among others) are at different levels in terms of understanding climate change issues e.g.
climate change impacts, appropriate response actions to adapt to the impacts among other aspects. Yet
at what ever level, they make decisions and undertake actions which may aggravate, address, prevent or
maintain the impacts of climate change. It’s therefore important to advance awareness on climate change
through innovative means targeting all categories of stakeholders so that they can make decisions and
take actions from an informed point of view for adaption to climate change impacts. For instance due lack
of access to weather information, farming communities in West Nile still plan their farming systems and
management in the context of two rainy seasons per year yet they are currently receiving one long rainy
season throughout the year.
3.3 Weak climate change adaptation capacity at all levels
Climate change adaptation capacity at all levels among various stakeholders is very weak. This is partly
due to limited options for livelihood; lack of support to climate change adaptation actions (community,
local and national levels) in policies and program implementation; limited knowledge on climate change
adaptation options; and poor planning in the usual way without consideration of the current climate change
variability and impacts.
The impacts climate change brings are so big, at extremes result in loss of property, lives and livelihood.
Communities are very vulnerable to these impacts and hence are most affected. In order to survive,
Figure 12:
Hailstone and strong wind
destroy maize plantation in
Nabukalu village, Wakiso
district, Central Uganda
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communities have resorted to various coping mechanisms,
some of which are detrimental to their livelihoods and
long term survival e.g. stealing, prostitution, selling/
marrying off daughters at an early age. Subsequently, at
a household level, there is increased alcoholism, domestic
violence resulting in breakdown of families. In Adjumani
district, husbands are reported to abandon their homes
when they are overwhelmed with impacts that come with
climate change. At the community level, there is hardly any
economic activity that would go on when climate change
impacts bite. For instance, when the roads have flooded
and bridges swept away, communication and movements
within such areas are totally cut off. Hence the impacts
affect economic development directly and instantly.
Despite this, there is hardly any proactive response
towards supporting community climate change adaptation.
Responses only come by, when disasters hit and this is at
the extreme level, for instance the Teso floods, land slides
in Bududa, Sironko and Mbale districts and many others
are likely or have been reported to come. At National
level, National programs for climate change adaptation
were developed in 2006 and approved in 2007 but not yet
implemented.
Climate change adaptation refers to
adjustments in practices, processes,
or structures to take into account
changing climate conditions, to
moderate potential damages, or to
benefit from opportunities associated
with climate change. It includes
measures to reduce the sensitivity of a
system, such as making agriculture less
drought-sensitive, as well as increasing
capacity to cope with an event, such as
drought.
Adaptive capacity is the potential
or ability to institute adaptation; the
capacity of a system to adjust practices,
processes or structures to moderate
or offset the potential damage or take
advantage of opportunities created by
a given change in climate.
Testimony
“….food insecurity aggravated by climate change impacts has led to increament of school fees
in most West Nile schools due to high food prices resulting from food shortage.”
Figure 13:
Demonstration of soil
and water conservation
to farmers in Ajujo
community in
Adjumani district
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The response always given is that the climate change
adaptation fund has never been realized. The question here is,
“For how long should we wait for this fund from outside as our
people are perishing?” Is there opportunity for mainstreaming
climate change adaptation actions in on going development
projects like National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS),
Farm Income Enhancement program, Can the Government
of Uganda through the Ministry of Finance, planning and
Economic development put aside funds to implement the
NAPAs?
3.4 Inadequate policies and strategies to
guide and support climate change
adaptation
At the time most policies or all policies were developed in
all sectors (such as water, environment, health, education,
energy), climate change was like a myth and not taken
serious by policy makers. Consequently, most or all the
policies across sectors are ‘climate change blind’ i.e. they
are implemented in a business as usual sense. But now times
have changed and climate is really biting and the impacts are
evident and more are anticipated to come. Doing business as
usual will be a costly venture. Despite this, Uganda does not
have a comprehensive policy on climate change to guide all
sectors to mainstream and or become climate sensitive.
The possible causes of this include limited prioritization
and appreciation by key policy and decision makers for
the need to develop a national comprehensive policy on
climate change; limited funding for facilitating the policy
making processes, limited participation and productive
involvement of all stakeholders (including the most vulnerable
categories) in the policy making processes; limited and
varied understanding of climate change by different policy
and decision makers at all levels. The overall impact of this
is implementation of existing policies and programs without
proactively addressing climate change issues in terms of
supporting adaptation and mitigation. Furthermore, due to
limited conceptualization of projects and programs in relation
to addressing climate change impacts through a holistic
approach. Most programs or projects are developed with a
mind set that environment and climate change issues will be
addressed by the appropriate lead institutions
Coping mechanisms to climate
change impacts by communities in
Adjumani district, West Nile region
Sugarcane growing in Labolonga
wetland in response to dried up
soils in the upland
Casual labour e.g. craft making
which gives an alternative source
of income in the absence of
agricultural crops
Collection and sale of honey to
provide income for buying food
Eating one meal a day;
Initiating and running group saving
schemes
Exchange of livestock such as
chicken and goats with food
Most households have resorted to
eating 1 meal per day due to food
shortage
Charcoal burning to generate
income for buying food
Feeding on wild foods/fruits such
as water lilies
Casual labor for alternative
household income to buy food as
agricultural crops fail
Engaging in small businesses
within the community including
retail shops
Cultivation in fragile wetlands e.g.
fishing and farming communities
in Omi and Ajujo villages in Adropi
sub-county and Gbalala village in
Dufile sub-county in Adjumani and
Moyo districts, have converted
wetlands along the river bank and
within the river into gardens of
maize.
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The Climate Change Unit is mandated to initiate and coordinate the development of the climate change
policy. How fast can we have this policy ready because we need it like yesterday? The Cabinet needs to
give the required support to have this important policy completed and implemented and in the process,
all sectors need to mainstream climate change adaptation actions in their programs. Such a policy would
as well clarify the roles of different stakeholders at various levels.
3.5 Weak policy implementation and governance
With poor policy implementation and enforcement, even good policies remain on paper and are not
translated into practical actions to address the issues. Furthermore, weak governance associated with
corruption, failure to account for public resources by implementing institutions means that support will
never trickle down to the venerable and most affected categories of society and community but would
remain in the pockets of a few individuals. Consequently, this will result in further degradation of the
environment and natural resources because the communities have to directly depend on the natural
resources for livelihood but also meet their basic needs. Climate change is likely to open up various
funding mechanisms from within and without for adaptation and mitigation. However, without a framework
for effective policy implementation and good governance, all these resources would go to waste thus not
addressing the real issues but end up in pockets of a few individuals.
A case in point is the poor governance in the water and environment sector which is accelerating
degradation of the environment and natural resources country wide, specifically in the forestry and wetlands
sub sectors. The following are key aspects in the forestry sector in light of governance, transparency and
accountability which require streamlining and taking appropriate action:
Non-compliance with forestry laws and administrative procedures. These have increased since
the enactment of the national forestry and tree planting act of 2003, for instance National Forestry
Authority has not at all occasions adequately followed the laws and procedures governing the
award of forest concessions;
Failure to comply with the land allocation guidelines for access and acquisition of land for planting
trees in the central forest reserves. E.g. adjacent communities living near these central forest reserves
are expected to get at least 5-10% of the land allocated as an incentive for these communities for
their contribution towards conservation and sustainable utilization of these forests. Unfortunately, in
many occasions they have not benefited, instead land is given to individuals or private companies
who stay far away from the forest;
Value for money from concessions – there is evidence of lack of transparency in the awarding
processes of forest concessions which has resulted into lack of value for money in forest investment
and also compromises other goods and services provided by the forests;
Failure by Government to address the challenge of encroachment on forests. This has been highly
politicized and is controversial issue. It stems from the President’s Executive order to halt excavation
of encroachers from forests in 2005. Consequently, politicians have continued to encourage
communities to resist evacuation and in away its accelerating encroachment on forest resulting in
further degradation and loss.
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3.6 Poor coordination of climate change adaptation initiatives
Climate change being a cross sector issue calls for adequate and effective coordination of all actions
towards addressing it at all levels. The Climate Change Unit (CCU) in the overarching institution at the
National level mandated to coordinate climate change adaptation and mitigation actions in all the sectors
and actors.
At the local government levels, the situation is even worse. For there is hardly any effort to coordinate
integration climate change adaptation and mitigation actions in local government development planning
process. If they exist they are adhoc actions responding to climate change impacts and disasters which
have already happened and destroyed property and lives. This could partly be attributed to limited
awareness on climate change issues and also lack of implementation of the national program for climate
change adaptation (NAPA) and associated weak linkages between national level institutions working on
climate change and local government stakeholders. Therefore, at the local level should the coordination of
climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives be a responsibility of the Chief Administrative Officer
or District Planner or there is need for establishment of a multi-stakeholder working committee on climate
change to provide appropriate support in this context. These and other ideas need to be thought through
to come up with practical solutions to ensure that climate change adaptation actions are integrated in local
government development plans.
However, effective coordination by such institutions requires adequate resources in terms both human
resource capacity and funding. Unfortunately, these have not yet been adequately realized, for instance,
the CCU currently has only five staff that are expected to provide technical guidance and support all
over the country. Furthermore, there is limited facilitation in terms finance resources allocation to the CCU
to undertake this task effectively. The situation is not very different in the case of NFA, where only one
staff is coordinating the REDD+ process. Its important that Governments allocates resources were they
are required if we are to strengthen our capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, otherwise we will
perish.
Overall, this anomaly has resulted in limited inter-sectoral planning and implementation to address climate
change impacts, for instance the NAPA was developed in 2007 but to date it has never been implemented
probably because other sectors think that the CCU should single handedly spearhead the implementation
of the NAPA across all sectors. Besides, the NAPA clearly stipulates what each sector can implement as
a way of supporting climate change adaptation. In other words, the NAPA should be used as a guiding
document for supporting climate change adaptation actions across all sectors. The CCU should consider
providing technical guidance to the different sectors to develop competitive proposals to attract funding.
3.7 Limited research on climate change
Responding to climate change impacts through appropriate adaptation and mitigation mechanisms
requires practical resilient solutions in form of technological, social and economic aspects. These can
be developed through systematic research on climate change and associated impacts. Apparently, in
Uganda there is limited research on climate change and related impacts on livelihood, natural resources.
This is partly attributed to limited funding for research on climate change impacts, adaptation and
mitigation; limited focus and prioritization by researchers to study climate change; inadequate facilities for
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collection of weather information on climate change by region. Overall this has an implication of limited
knowledge and information on appropriate options to support climate change adaptation and mitigation
thereby increasing vulnerability to climate change impacts at all levels.
Sensitivity is the degree to which a given change in
climate will lead to positive or negative changes in
a system, such as to the functions of an ecosystem
or output from a particular type of agricultural
production.
Vulnerability is the extent to which a natural or
social system is susceptible to sustaining damage
from climate change, determined by exposure,
sensitivity and coping capacity (as well as structural
processes). Hence, it may be biophysical or socio-
economic vulnerability (GECHS, 2008).
Vulnerability = (adaptive capacity) – (sensitivity +
exposure)
E = exposure — size of the area and/or population
affected
S = sensitivity — the intrinsic (age, sex, SES,
ethnicity, livelihood strategies, etc.) and extrinsic
(institutions, entitlements, etc.) characteristics of a
population
A = adaptive capacity — capacities of the population,
place or system to resist impacts, cope with losses,
and/or regain functions
Community perspectives on gender and
climate change in Adjumani district
Community members identified children as the most
affected group of people when climate change impacts hit
the community due to their vulnerability to malnutrition and
other diseases including malaria.
Communities observed that sick people needed urgent
attention during times of hunger in a household. They said
that HIV/AIDS affected some households in the community
and climate change impacts such as hunger could only
worsen the situation.
They also noted that women/mothers due to their multiple
responsibilities ranging from production and preparation of
food in a household were more affected by climate change
impacts in comparison to men.
3.8 Climate change sensitivity and
vulnerability
Climate change impacts affect various gender
categories differently. Particularly, the most vulnerable
gender categories include children, women, and
people with disabilities. At household level in most
Ugandan societies, women are charged with a
major responsibility of caring for the rest of the family
members. For instance fetching water, cooking food,
house keeping, caring for the children, the old and
the sick among other household chores. Hence,
women in Uganda provide 70-80% of the agricultural
household labor (Nabuumba, 2008).
Impacts of climate change manifesting as drying of
rivers, springs and bore holes means that they have
to move longer distances to look for water. Hence
they are most affected by the impacts of climate
change. On the other hand, given that men are the
bread winners in the households and also charged
with providing for all and ensuring security in the
home, they are overburdened by impacts of climate
change. Therefore, climate change adaptation
actions should target both men and women as part
of the solutions to leave with it.
Table 1. Ranking climate change vulnerability
in Schools and local communities in Adjumani,
Moyo and Yumbe
Schools Farming community in Ajujo
Category Rank Category Rank
School girls 1 Children 1
School boys 2 Elderly 2
Support staff 3 Disabled 3
Female teachers 4 Women 4
Male teachers 5 Men 5
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The following recommendations are presented targeting key stakeholders at village, local and national
levels. They should proactively consider them in development planning and implementation to address the
critical issues towards long term adaptation to climate change impacts in Uganda for improved livelihood
and sustainable development.
Stakeholder at village level Key Practical Recommendation
4.0 Practical Recommendations towards
climate change adaptation in Uganda
Individual (a) Participation in decision making and implementation of
climatechangeadaptationinitiatives/programsatcommunity
level
(b) Following engagement with media and participating in
community interactions and gatherings to become aware of
what is happening in the community
(c) Diversify livelihood opportunities for household income
generations especially off-farm activities
(d) Undertaking appropriate coping mechanisms in context of
climate change impacts e.g. prolonged droughts, floods
Stakeholder at local level Key Policy Recommendation
Household/Village (a) Supporting community self help initiative as coping
mechanisms to climate change impacts at community level
(b) Active participation in decision making and implementation
of climate change adaptation initiatives/programs at
community level
(c) Support diversification livelihood opportunities for household
income generations especially off-farm activities
(d) Prompt reporting of climate change impacts to appropriate
authorities and leader
(e) Proper management of natural resources including forests
wetlands, water sources, land/soils among others
Local Government (a) Strengthen coordination of climate change activities and
initiatives in the districts. This could be through establishing
effective local multi-stakeholder committees to provide
appropriate strategic and policy guidance
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Stakeholder at National level Key Policy Recommendation
Climate Change Unit under the
Ministry of water and environment,
Civil Society organizations,
Development Partners
(a) Spearheading, coordinating and funding implementation
of the Ugandan National Adaptation Programs of Action
on climate change
Uganda Cabinet, Climate Change
Unit under the Ministry of Water
and Environment, Development
Partners
(a) Developing a national policy and institutional framework
to guide effective responses to climate change impacts
in Uganda at community, local and national levels
Government of Uganda
through Ministry of Water and
Environment and the Ministry of
Finance, Planning and Economic
Development, Ministry of
Local Government, Metrology
Department
(a) Strengthening human resources and logistical capacity
at the Climate Change Unit and local government levels
National Planning Authority,
All Ministries, All Government
parastatals, Civil Society
Organizations, Academia,
Research Institutions,
(a) Strengthen coordination of climate change activities and
initiatives in the country. This could be through establishing
effective national multi-stakeholder committees to provide
appropriate strategic and policy guidance;
(b) Mainstreaming climate change adaptation actions in
development planning, programs and implementation
informed by the anticipated climate variability
Metrology department, Ministry of
Water and Environment, Ministry
of Agriculture, Animal Industries
and Fisheries
(a) Strengthening the generation and dissemination of
accurate climate change information and early warning
systems through provide adequate equipment and
facilitation to mandated institutions
Religious and cultural institutions,
Parliamentary Forum on Climate
Change among others
(a) Deepening awareness for adaptations actions on climate
change impacts, at the local and community levels;
(b) Influence behavior change for better environmental
management and stewardship among Ugandans at all
levels
Office of the Prime Minister,
Ministry of disaster preparedness,
Civil Society Organizations,
Development Partners
(a) Strengthening disaster preparedness and risk
management at community level
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Climate Change Unit, National Planning
Authority, Ministry of Finance, Planning
and Economic Development
(a) Strengtheninter-sectralplanningandimplementation
of climate change adaptation actions
National Agricultural Research
Organization, Academia, National Council
for Science and Technology, National
Forestry Research Institute
(a) Conduct and disseminate research in appropriate
drought resistant and early maturing crop varieties;
(b) Repackage and disseminate research findings on
climate change and associated impacts to policy
makers at different levels
National Forestry Authority (a) Enhance coordination in the development and
implementation of the REDD readiness plan
for Uganda for productive involvement and
participation of all stakeholders
Private Sector (a) Undertake and implement environment and climate
impact assessment prior to engaging in business;
(b) Explore mechanisms for innovative crop and
livestock insurance for protection of farmers and
natural resources dependent communities against
impacts of climate change;
(c) Support access of micro finance to farmers and
natural resources dependent communities
(d) Providing financial support for climate change
actions both adaptation and mitigation as part of
their social corporate obligation and responsibility
Media Institutions (a) Enhance collaboration and partnership with lead
agencies and development institutions working
on climate change to simplify and relay accurate
information on climate change to masses;
(b) Strengthen reporting and coverage of climate
change events/impacts/climate information at
community, national, regional and international
levels
Legislators and Councilors (a) To enact regulations, legislation, bylaws and
ordinances which will promote and support climate
adaptation;
(b) Ensure that budgeted plans have adequate
resources allocations for climate change
adaptation
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Development Partners (a) Mobilize and provide resources to support
climate change adaptation actions initiated by all
stakeholders at community, local, national and
regional levels;
(b) Provide specialized technical assistance and back
stopping to key lead Institutions in climate change
adaptation and mitigation
Civil Society Organizations (a) Advance awareness creation about climate change,
associated impacts among stakeholders to illicit
appropriate climate change adaptation actions;
(b) Policy lobbying and advocacy for integration of
climate change in development planning and policy
processes at national and local and associated
resource allocation to support climate change
adaptation actions at the local level;
(c) Piloting and up scaling climate change adaptation
actions at community levels to reduce vulnerability of
communities to impacts of climate change;
(d) Strengthening partnership and networking on issues
of climate change at local, national and regional levels
among key stakeholders
Stakeholder at East African Key Policy Recommendation
Sub regional level
East African Legislative Assembly (a) Monitor implementation of the East African
Community Policy and Strategies on Climate
Change and ensure that they informs national
policies on climate change
East African Sub Regional Institutions (a) Strengthening the capacity on climate change
impacts modeling, understanding and
communication of uncertainty, and possible
adaptation within regional institutions and programs
(b) Support regional coordination of climate change
adaptation and mitigation actions and programs in
the East African Region
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Business as usual is not a solution to the uncertainties and risks associated with climate change variability
and impacts. Leaving with the impacts of climate change requires building resilience through short term
and long term climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives. This requires proactive responses by
everybody given that we are all part of the problem and therefore should part of the solution.
5.0 An Appeal
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6.0 Selected references for further readings
6.1 Bibliography
Bali Action Plan, (2007). http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php
EAC, (2010). East African Climate Change Policy, EAC Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania. http://www.eac.
int/environment/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=159
Environmental Alert, (2007). Climate Change: The time to act is now. Environmental Alert, Kampala
Uganda. http://www.envalert.org
Environmental Alert, (2009/2010). Activity reports on facilitated actions for supporting community
climate change adaptation in West Nile region by Environmental Alert
FAO, (2000). Food and Agriculture Organization Forest Resources Assessment 2000 definitions.
Conservation for the Sustainable Development of Forests World-wide: A Compendium of Concepts and
Term. The Forestry Chronicle Vol. 70 (6): 666-674. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6896e/x6896e0e.
htm
Kabat Panel, (2009). Should the uncertainty in climate scenarios limit adaptation? A paper discussed
during a East Africa Regional training workshop on mainstreaming climate change adaptation in
Agriculture and Natural resources management at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. Organized by
Wageningen University and Research Centre, Addis Ababa University, RUFORUM, ASARECA and
IUCN
Nabuumba Nayenga Rosetti, (2008). Gender dynamics in Agriculture in Uganda; what are the key
policy considerations? http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:0tT9FFYsqWgJ:www.finance.
go.ug/docs/Policy%2520brief%2520on%2520Gender%2520Dynamics%2520in%2520Agriculture%2
520in%2520Uganda.pdf+what+is+the+percentage+of+women+involved+in+farming+in+uganda&
hl=en&gl=ug&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjF7rLGzbNXPBH0Iw_3dqMVNGPHGltdjxd8PW4R3-Z6oW_G8
CCIhnXUqsy5rwC65OflwE2ux4yylEcpXqvi7-Zn0UczyVODB2Hx35dQlZUthbPO2k8MknRF1cSBTClE
acpW_sm1&sig=AHIEtbQt0j1-_dz4PRRGGT_d9tG68ZnBhg
NDP (2010/11-2014/15). The National Development Plan for Uganda. National Planning Authority,
Kampala, Uganda http://www.npa.ug/docs/finalndp.pdf
NAPA. (2007). National Adaptation Program of Action on Climate Change in Uganda. http://www.
preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=8578&cid=180
PACJA, (2010). Pan African Climate Change Justice Alliance. Why we oppose the Copenhagen
Accord. http://www.pacja.org
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Praveen, J. (2005). Climate change and its implications: Which way now? Centre for Economic Studies
and Planning, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Stern, (2006). The Economics of Climate Change
Ronald Musoke, (2008). Municipal waste project to reduce garbage in Uganda’s major towns. In
EnviroConserve Africa, 2008. A publication of Impulse Communication Options Ltd. http://enviroconserve.
org/article.php?Article=17&Mag=3&Topic=&Subtopic=
Zake, J., 2009. Due to climate change, West Nile destroys wetlands. A topical opinion article published in
the New Vision on 9th December 2009.
http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/703603
Zake, J., 2009. A guide to climate change effects and impacts in the Lake Victoria region. A publication of
the Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development (UCSD) developed through reviews and consultations
with key stakeholders in the Lake Victoria region. Pp 31 Kampala, Uganda.
Zake, J., and Kaggwa D. (2007). Climate change and its implications to livelihoods and economic
development in Uganda. A key note paper presented at the Environmental Alert Awards 2007.
6.2 Key web based resources
Capacity strengthening of LDCs in Adaptation to Climate Change (CLACC) project in Uganda, implemented
by DENIVA in partnership with International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED).
http://www.deniva.or.ug/files/_h_index.php?pageName=programme-climatechange.html
Copenhagen Accord, 2009. http://www.denmark.dk/NR/rdonlyres/C41B62AB-4688-4ACE-BB7B-
F6D2C8AAEC20/0/copenhagen_accord.pdf
Copenhagen Accord, (2009). Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change
Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 3.2, fast track 2000 project. Climate change
and agriculture. Wikipedia, 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
http://www.ipccfacts.org
http://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/fcp/
http://www.un-redd.org/UNREDDProgramme/tabid/583/language/en-US/Default.aspx -
Investing in REDD Plus; Executive summary of The Forest Dialogue consensus, September 2009
REDD, an overview of risks and opportunities for the poor.
http://www.diis.dk/graphics/Publications/Reports2009/DIIS_Report_2009-21_Reducing_Emissions_from_
Deforestation_and_Degradation_REDD.pdf
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Readings on REDD and Governance, CIFOR – Forests and climate change
http://www.forestsclimatechange.org/governance.html
The COP 15 Climate Conference: http://www.kemin.dk/en-US/COP15/Sider/cop15.aspx
The OneWorld Climate Change Guide: http://uk.oneworld.net/guides/climatechange
The Forest Dialogue http://environment.yale.edu/tfd/
The Katoomba Group. http://www.katoombagroup.org/regions/africa/assessments.php or
unfccc.int/methods_science/redd/items/4531.php
unfcccbali.org/.../reducing-emissions-from-deforestation-and-degradation-redd.html
Un-REDD Program - http://www.un-redd.org/
UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk/
UNEP, 2005) United Nations Environment Program Lake Victoria basin environment outlook. http://www.
unep.org/dewa/Africa/products/Lakevic_basin/lvicbasin.asp
UN FCCC website - http://unfccc.int/2860.php
UNFCC, (2010). Copenhagen Accord. http://unfccc.int/home/items/5262.php
UN Human Development Report (HDR) - the impact of climate change on poverty
World Resources Institute, Earth trends information- http://earthtrends.wri.org/updates/node/303
www.cifor.cgiar.org
www.un-redd.org/
www.undp.org/mdtf/un-redd/overview.shtml
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7.0 About the Authors
By Joshua Zake1
, Sheila Kiconco2
, Kimbugwe Ceaser3
, Harriet Drani4
and Godffrey Andama5
1 Senior Program Officer, Environment and Natural Resource at Environmental Alert
2 Program Officer, Environment and Natural Resource at Environmental Alert
3 Program Assistant, Environment and Natural Resource at Environmental Alert
4 Program Officer, Food Security at Environmental Alert
5 Program Officer, Food Security at Environmental Alert
8.0 About Environmental Alert
Environmental Alert is a Ugandan NGO founded in 1988 with the mission to contribute to sustainable
development and improved livelihoods through sustainable natural resource management and
development in Uganda. Environmental Alert envisions a poverty and hunger-free society that, is able to
manage and sustain its natural resources base for attainment of sustainable livelihoods. Environmental
Alert is also a 1st prize winner of one of the most prestigious awards for environmental sustainability
in the world, The Energy Globe Award. Environmental Alert is a member of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Contact:
Head office:
Plot 475/523 Sonko Lane, Kabalagala, off Gaba Road;
P.O. Box 11259 Kampala, Uganda; Tel: 256-414-510547 OR 510215; Email: envalert@envalert.org
Website: www.envalert.org
Moyo Office: Arua Road; P.O.Box 293 Moyo. Tel: 047629119; Email: envalert@envalert.org
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ENVIRONMENTAL ALERT
Plot 475/523 Sonko Lane, Kabalagala
(behind Payless Suppermarket building), off Gaba Road;
P. O. Box 11259 Kampala, Uganda;
Tel: 256-414-510547 0R 510 215
Email: envalert@envalert.org
Website: www.envalert.org