This presentation was prepared and delivered at the launch event for the Climate Technology Needs Assessment Report for Uganda. The event was organized by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology at the Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala on 21st March 2021. It presents the key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry sub sector in Uganda.

1. Key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry
Sub-sector.
Presented at the launch event for the Climate Technology Needs Assessment Report for Uganda. Organized by the Uganda National Council for
Science and Technology at the Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala on 21st March 2021.
By: Dr. Joshua Zake (Ph.D.), TNA Consultant, Forestry sub sector.
Telephone: 0773057488
Email: joszake@gmail.com
Personal websites:
Linked-in - https://ug.linkedin.com/in/dr-joshua-zake-18104523
Slideshare - https://www.slideshare.net/JoshuaZake1

2. Outline of the presentation
1.0 Introduction/context
2.0 Key results from the assessment
*Prioritized technologies
*Technology Action Plans for Prioritized Technologies
3.0 Key recommendations and next steps
4.0 Important references for further reading

3. 1.0 Introduction/Context
• The forestry sector in Uganda comprised of the following tenure categories as described in the National Forestry Policy, (2001) (MWLE,
2001): Central Forest reserves); Forests in wildlife and national parks; Forests on private and community forests.
• Uganda’s forest cover status has followed a drastic negative trend during the last 30 years. Thus, it reduced from 24 to 9% of the
total land area in 1990 and 2015. This is largely attributed to key drivers of deforestation and forest degradation as described in the
National Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) + strategy for Uganda (MWE, 2017 and FIP, 2017)
including: expansion of commercial and subsistence agriculture; unsustainable harvesting of tree products, mainly charcoal,
firewood and timber; expanding human settlements including growing numbers of refugees; free-grazing livestock; wild fires;
artisanal mining operations and oil exploration.
• The reported climate change and variability impacts (such as: prolonged droughts, unreliable rainfall patterns, flooding) (MWE, 2015)
exacerbate the forestry sector that is already facing huge pressures through provision of ecosystem services and forest
products to the burgeoning Uganda population, with an annual growth rate in Uganda is 3.3%, thus Uganda is ranked 32nd globally in
2018 and is estimated at 45 and 61 million Ugandans currently/now and by 2030, respectively (National Population Council, 2017).
• Reported vulnerabilities in the forestry sector in Uganda (NAPA, 2007) include:
a. emerging and proliferation of trees pests and diseases;
b. increased risk to destruction from wild fires due to prolonged droughts;
c. Increased encroachment on forests and forest land by community due to escalating land degradation and food insecurity among
households with forest landscapes
d. the prolonged droughts compromise the productivity of forest plantations and hence reduced returns on investment;

4. Natural forests are
2,414,806ha
Planted forests are
314,354ha
Note that most
remaining forests are
inside protected
areas

5. Forest Cover Trends (Source: NFA, 2022)
LULC class 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2019
Broadleaved plantations 18,682 9,844 14,786 20,995 43,733 336,548 228,118
Coniferous plantations 16,384 11,498 18,741 43,743 63,546 303,204 86,236
THF high stocked 651,106 703,926 600,955 564,948 525,134 524,189 518,073
THF low stocked 273,060 226,549 191,693 120,756 104,592 102,150 156,774
Woodlands 3,974,498 2,834,730 2,778,044 1,448,869 1,201,985 1,239,176 1,739,958
Bushland 1,422,254 4,007,891 2,968,685 2,371,776 1,970,692 1,664,429 273,405
Grassland 5,115,446 2,793,950 4,063,594 5,068,269 5,103,796 5,121,004 5,531,494
Wetland 484,028 838,537 753,038 810,445 716,721 785,703 877,337
Subsistence farmland 8,401,550 8,916,053 8,847,640 9,772,224 10,275,557 10,003,444 10,607,875
Commercial farmland 68,446 103,327 106,629 134,915 255,934 182,396 165,003
Built up 36,571 26,315 97,270 98,449 135,593 138,722 259,502
Water bodies 3,689,580 3,680,870 3,706,467 3,689,346 3,750,237 3,746,221 3,701,338
Impediment 3,741 1,857 7,804 10,614 7,828 8,162 10,235
Total Area of Uganda 24,155,347 24,155,347 24,155,347 24,155,347 24,155,347 24,155,347 24,155,347
Forest Cover 4,933,730 3,786,547 3,604,219 2,199,309 1,938,990 2,505,266 2,729,159
Land Area 20,465,767 20,474,477 20,448,880 20,466,001 20,405,110 20,409,126 20,454,009
Forest % of land area 24.1% 18.5% 17.6% 10.7% 9.5% 12.3% 13.3%

6. 1.0 Introduction/Context
• Technology Needs Assessments (TNAs) provide a mechanism for advancing climate change adaptation and mitigation through
responsive investments in technology development and transfer as aligned to the countries priorities for climate change adaptation and
mitigation across sectors.
• Uganda completed its TNAs, a process that identified the priority technologies, the underlying barriers and responsive actions/strategies
for advancing climate change adaptation across the key priority sectors of Agriculture, Water and Forestry.
• The process was highly consultative and participatory – (actively involved key forestry sub sector sectors) through out all the
phases of the TNA i.e.
Phase 1 - Identification and prioritization of sectors;
Phase 2 - Barrier analyses and enabling framework identification; and
Phase 3 – Development of the Technology Action Plan.

7. 2.0 Key results from the assessment
List Technologies identified to advance adaptation of the forestry sector in Uganda
1) Integrated wildfire management -
2) Enrichment planting for restoration of natural forests -
3) Promoting Forest based enterprises e.g. e.g. bee keeping/apiary; butterfly farming, fruit trees production; ecotourism
4) Application of tissue culture to hasten massive propagation/multiplication of tree seedlings
5) Advancing biotechnology to produce hybrids which are adapted to Uganda’s climatic conditions
6) Promoting community woodlots for biomass energy production
7) Application/use of drones in forest management for effective monitoring
8) Promotion of bamboo value chains – production and processing/value addition and marketing
9) Promoting improved chainsaws to advance efficiency in timber logging
10) Promoting portable sawmills for onsite timber processing to advance efficiency
11) Promoting phytosanitary practices for diseases and pest control
12) Integrated pest management in forest plantations through promoting mixed species plantations
13) Use of hydrogels and hydroabsorbents to advance adaption to prolonged droughts impacting on forest plantations
15) Promotion of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) for forest landscape restoration
14) Intercropping in forest plantations
16) Diversification in forest plantations
17) Integrated forestry-crop-livestock systems
18) Use of forest residues for biomass energy
19) Growing Trees for food i.e. Pormo-culture
20) Promoting energy saving stoves

8. 2.0 Key results from the assessment
• The prioritized technologies for the forestry sector as detailed in
the TNA Report for Uganda, (2019) are described as follows:
i) Promotion of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR)
for forest landscape restoration
• FMNR is a simple technique/practice of systematically
regenerating mainly tree species in the natural from living tree
stumps, roots or seedlings. It involves a process of selecting
healthy and vigorous natural seedlings and removing by proper
pruning of the unwanted ones. It promotes regeneration of
degraded forest landscapes. Thus, it’s a low-cost sustainable
landscape restoration technique aims to improve the
productivity of agricultural lands while increasing tree cover
and biodiversity.
• FMNR has been promoted by International (e.g. the International
Union for Conservation of Nature, World Agroforestry Centre) and
local Non-Governmental Organizations – in various parts of the
country (especially Northern Uganda) through pilots to advance
forest landscape restoration.
1
•Farmer Managed
Natural
Regeneration for
restoration of
forests
2
•IPM through
mixed spp
plantations
3
•Forest-based
enterprises –
apiary, butterfly
farming, orchards,
ecotourism
Prioritized technologies for the forestry sector.
Source: TNA Report for Uganda, 2019.

9. 2.0 Key results from the assessment
ii) Integrated pest management (IPM) in forest plantations
• It involves application of integrated approaches, which complement each for effective pests and diseases management and
control. IPM technologies have been applied widely applied in agricultural farming systems and have been reported to be
plausible. Likewise these have been applied in forestry. Pimentel (1986) described integrated pest and diseases
management as a control method that includes judicious use of pesticide and non-chemical technologies – all of which are
based on sound ecological principles.
• It consists of two basic elements including: a decision and action process. The actions/responses for pest/diseases
management/control may consist of one or more ecologically, economically and socially acceptable tactics designed to
reduce pest populations to non-damaging levels (Ciesla 1982).
• IPM in forest plantations in Uganda is promoted by both Government and Private Institutions.
iii) Promoting Forest based enterprises e.g. bee keeping/apiary; butterfly farming, fruit trees production; ecotourism
The technology is community based and established within the buffer zones and the protected forests so long as it has
minimum negative impacts on the forest in terms of degradation. Thus, overall the selected enterprises must be promoting
forest restoration and conservation and at the same time improving the livelihoods of the forest adjacent communities through
income generation and food security.
The technology is largely managed by the forest adjacent communities (with support by Government & Non-State Actors) after
they are equipped with the requisite knowledge and skills to management the enterprises efficiently and effective.

10. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
1) Improving
access to
inputs and
services
a) Provide incentives for land allocation and tree ownership for investment in
landscape restoration through FMNR (private & state-owned forests)
National Forestry Authority (NFA 2,100
b) Promote enterprises with short term benefits National Agricultural Advisory Services
(NAADS); MWE – Forest Sector
Support Department (FSSD); Local
Government -
81,100
c) Provide incentives to support land restoration. Local Government (LG) 81,100
d) Provision of improved (e.g. drought resistant, early maturing) pastures as
alternatives for grazing of livestock.
NAADS 72,000
e) Promoting alternative gender responsive technology for easing land clearing and
opening for agricultural production e.g. use of tractors, oxen ploughs and minimum
tillage.
LG; Ministry of Agriculture, Animal
Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF)
141,000
f) Improved access to structured support for up scaling FMNR. LG 8,400
2) Targeted
awareness
creation
a) Conduct targeted awareness about the diverse and immediate benefits
that arise from FMNR.
MWE – FSSD; LG; CSOs 174,000
b) Publish literature quantifying the social, economic & environmental
benefits of the FMNR technology
National Forestry Resources
Research Institute (NAFORRI);
Academic Institutions; CSO
13,000
c) Work with cultural institutions and local leadership to change mind-set,
behavior and attitudes linked to bush burning & stray livestock grazing.
Ministry of Local Government,
CSO
6,100
Ambition: contributing towards restoration of 569,403 Ha across the selected forest landscapes in Uganda.
Beneficiaries: at least 300,000 households (i.e., 1,800,000 people) directly, of which at-least 30% should be women and youth;
Budget total: US dollars 933,800 to achieve the ambition of restoring 569,403 ha using FMNR across 3 forest landscapes by 2030.
i) Promotion of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) for forest landscape restoration

11. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
3)Strengthen policy
implementation and
enforcement
a) Update/review outdated policies-laws – for discouraging bush
burning & stray livestock grazing.
MWE- FSSD; MAAIF -Directorates of Animal
and Crop Resources.
27,000
b) Conduct structured policy dialogues on FMNR with policy and
decision makers within the forest landscapes.
CSOs 22,000
c) Development and operationalization of land-use plans within the
forest landscapes.
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban
Development (MLHUD); MWE - FSSD
25,000
d) Strengthen extension within the forestry/agriculture sectors to
provide responsive advice to address community and farmer’s needs in
respect to application of FMNR.
MWE - FSSD Local Governments -
Environment & Natural resources and
Production departments.
9,000
4) Responsive/
targeted
institutional
capacity building
a) Build institutional capacity for area land committees to provide
effective information on land rights & administration
(MLHUD); Local Government; CSOs 47,400
b) Strengthen capacity of cultural/customary institutions to deliver on
their roles in respect to administration/management of customary land.
MLHUD; Local Government 47,400
c) Targeted training of community & famers (including men, women &
youth) to enhance their knowledge and skills for application of FMNR.
Local Governments (LG); CSO 47,400
d) Establishment of coordinated research agenda and teams to
generate the required evidence for FMNR at different scales.
National Council of Science and Technology;
Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovations; NAFORRI, CSOs,
8,000
i) Promotion of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) for forest landscape restoration
Potential sources of Funding: the Government of Uganda with support from Development Partners such as: Climate Change Adaptation Fund; United
Nations Development Program; United Nations Environment Program; National Civil Society Organizations and International Non-Governmental
Organizations.

12. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
1) Improving access to inputs
and services
a) Advance access to chemical pesticides by community and
smallholders – including men, women and youth.
Private sector 43,200
b) Improve access to information about IPM and its application
by farmers – including men, women & youth.
NAFORRI; NFA; National
Environment Management Authority
(NEMA); Universities; CSOs; Uganda
Timber Growers Association (UTGA)
69,000
2) Responsive/targeted
institutional capacity building
a) Strengthen institutional organization of smallholders
(including men, women & youth) to access chemical pesticides.
MWE - FSSD; UTGA; LG 47,400
b) Strengthen the forestry extension services at the Local
Government levels for effective service delivery to farmers and
communities.
MWE - FSSD; LG – Environment and
natural resources (ENR) department,
9,000
c) Provide adequate training in IPM techniques and their
application – especially among smallholders – including men,
women & youth
NAFORRI; NFA; UTGA; LG – ENR
Department; CSO; NEMA
47,400
d) Strengthen regular monitoring and surveillance of pests and
diseases.
MWE - FSSD; MAAIF; NAFORRI;
NFA
8,400
3) Targeted awareness creation a) Promote targeted awareness and information about IPM to
influence attitude and practice.
NEMA; NAFORRI; NFA; University;
UTGA; CSO; LG - ENR Department.
174,000
Ambition: the interventions are targeted at having 365,956 Ha of forests across the 7 forest landscapes under IPM. This is 20% of the total land covered
by forests under the various forest tenures in Uganda (MWE,2016).
Beneficiaries: 400,000 households (i.e., 1,400,000 people) directly, of which at-least 30% should be women and youth.
Budget total: USD 679,400
ii) Integrated pest management (IPM) in forest plantations

13. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
4) Strengthen policy
implementation and
enforcement
a) Advocate for reduction of taxes and levies charged by
Government on the pesticides.
CSO; UTGA; NFA 34,400
b) Strengthen adaptation to Climate variability and
change in forest plantations and the landscape through
for instance, applying responsive agronomic & pest
management practices; planting proven resistant tree
varieties.
NAFORRI; NFA; University;
UTGA; CSO; LG - ENR
Department.
122,000
c) Increase investment in research to develop
responsive IPM solutions.
MWE - FSSD; MAAIF;
NAFORRI; NFA
36,000
ii) Integrated pest management (IPM) in forest plantations
Potential sources of Funding: Government of Uganda with support from Development Partners such as: Climate Change Adaptation Fund; United
Nations Development Program; United Nations Environment Program; National Civil Society Organizations and International Non-Governmental
Organizations.
useful

14. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
1) Improving
access to inputs
and services
a) Improve access by men, women and youth to market infrastructure and
information.
LG - Commercial officer -
b) Improve access to transport forest-based enterprises (FBE) products and
services agro-forestry, products and services to the market.
LG; Ministry of Transport. 9,100
c) Promote the saving culture by the forest adjacent communities and their
organizations, for investment in FBEs.
LG - Community Development Office
(CDO); Micro Finance Support Centre;
CSOs
54,100
d) Promote access and control to financial management trainings and
advisories through collaboration with financial institutions and civil society
organization.
LG-CDO; Micro Finance Support Centre;
CSOs
31,400
e) Provision of various alternative livelihood options and services based on
preferences of the various gender categories..
LG-CDO, Forestry Officer (FO); CSOs 81,100
f) Provision and establishment of improved pastures within the community. National Agricultural Research
Organization; LG - Veterinary Officer;
CSOs
82,300
g) Promoting alternative gender responsive technology for easing land
clearing and opening for agricultural production
MAAIF - Agricultural Engineering and
Appropriate Technology Research
Institute; Ministry of Gender, Labour and
Social Development; LG -
141,000
Ambition: Contribute towards restoration of 838,740 Ha across the selected forest landscapes.
Beneficiaries: 200,000 households (i.e. 1,200,000 people) directly, of which at-least 30% should be women and youth.
Budget total: USD 1,634,000 USD
iii) Promoting Forest based enterprises e.g. bee keeping/apiary; butterfly farming, fruit trees production; ecotourism

15. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
2)Responsive/t
argeted
institutional
capacity
building
a) Strengthen institutional capacity community-based institutions
including collaborative forest management groups) for effective
management of FBE groups.
NFA; Uganda Wildlife Authority
(UWA); LG - FO; CSO;
47,400
b) Strengthen institutional capacity of mandated institutions to
effectively support/promote FBE
MWE - FSSD, MOFPED
Development Partners; CSOs
47,400
c) Support visioning, action and business planning for the
collaborative forest management groups and associated FBE.
NFA; UWA; LG - FO; CSO 27,000
d) Strengthen leadership skills of the collaborative forest management
group leaders.
NFA, Uganda Wildlife Authority, LG-
CDO, FO; CSO
27,000
e) Strengthen organizational and business skills especially among
community-based organizations and forest adjacent community
organizations/community forest management groups.
NFA; UWA, LG-CDO, FO; CSO 47,400
f) Promote access to structured training, exposure and mentoring. NFA; UWA, LG-CDO, FO; CSO 32,300
g) Improve organization & coordination capacity by the forest adjacent
communities – through bulk production and marketing.
NFA, UWA, LG-CDO, FO; CSO 36,300
h) Conduct targeted and responsive trainings, mentoring and
backstopping to forest adjacent communities in FBE management
NFA; UWA, LG-CDO, FO; CSO 47,400
i) Strengthen knowledge and skills in respect to management of
savings and credit schemes by forest adjacent communities and their
organizations.
NFA; UWA, LG-CDO, FO; CSO 47,400
iii) Promoting Forest based enterprises e.g. bee keeping/apiary; butterfly farming, fruit trees production; ecotourism

16. Action Activities to be implemented Responsible body USD
3) Strengthen
policy
implementation and
enforcement
a) Update/review of outdated policies-laws – ordinances- bylaws for
discouraging bush burning and stray livestock grazing.
MWE - FSSD; MAAIF; LG –Council, ENR
& Production Dep’t
27,000
b) Strengthen enforcement of forestry & land policies thru proactive
stakeholder engagement & standards at different scales.
MWE-FSSD, MLHUD; LG 123,40
0
c) Strengthen agriculture & forestry extension services at LG levels to
address needs of communities in FBE management.
MWE-FSSD, MAAIF; MLHUD 9,000
d) Strengthen enforcement of guidelines & standards for quality at different
scales.
MWE-FSSD, LG 123,40
0
e) Strengthen implementation/ enforcement of bush burning & livestock
grazing bylaws and ordinances where they exist.
LG ENR/ Production Department 82,100
4) Targeted
awareness creation
a) Advance awareness creation on impacts of bush burning & stray livestock
grazing.
LG - ENR / Prod’n Dept. CSOs 174,00
0
b) Work with cultural institutions to change mindset, behavior and attitudes
linked to bush burning and stray livestock grazing.
LG - ENR / Production Department;
CSOs
6,100
c) Promote targeted awareness on existing policies & laws on these rights &
obligations.
CSO; MWE-FSSD; MLHUD 117,300
iii) Promoting Forest based enterprises e.g. bee keeping/apiary; butterfly farming, fruit trees production; ecotourism
Potential sources of Funding: Government of Uganda with support from Development Partners such as: Climate Change Adaptation Fund; Green Climate
Funds; World Bank; United Nations Development Program; European Union; Danish International Development Agency, Norwegian Agency for Development
Cooperation; United Nations Environment Program; National Civil Society Organizations and International Non-Governmental Organizations.

17. 3.0 Key messages and recommendations!
Key Messages:
A) Technology development & transfer is directly linked to climate change adaptation and mitigation. Thus, it contributes to
climate change adaptation capacity but also to mitigation through avoided and or reduce release of greenhouse gases
(GHGs).
B) The implementation of the Technology Action Plans (TAPs) for the respective prioritized technologies should be aligned
with the Forestry sector development plans and programmes for purposes of building synergy, avoidance of duplication and
ensuring sustainability of the investment.
C) Investment in technology development and transfer provides employment in terms of Green jobs along the value chains
and these can be targeted to benefit the various gender categories such as women, youth and men depending on the needs,
preferences and associated competences.

18. 3.0 Key messages and recommendations!
Key recommendations:
1) The Line Ministries, Authorities, Departments, Local Governments, Research Institutions and Non-State Actors should
consider initiating discussions to develop concept/proposals for programmes/projects development and implementation
targeted at supporting further development and transfer of the prioritized technologies based on the project ideas in the
Technology action plans
2) The ongoing National Forest policy and legislative framework review should consider the prioritized technologies (i.e.
FMNR, IPM & FBEs) among the strategies for advancing restoration of trees and forests in the forest landscapes across the
country. Furthermore, supportive legislative instruments (e.g. ordinances, bylaws and regulations) should be developed and
implemented to support further transfer and adoption of the prioritized technologies at different scales.
3) Prioritization should be done across sectors and within the forestry sector to increase resources (both human resources
and financial) allocation to enable implementation of the TAPs for prioritized technologies in the forestry sector (i.e. FMNR,
IPM & FBEs).

19. 3.0 Key messages and recommendations!
Key recommendations:
4) Further application, transfer and adoption of the prioritized technologies (i.e. FMNR, IPM & FBEs) FMNR requires targeted and
responsive technical capacity building (through training, awareness creation, setting up demonstration/learning sites) for the community
and various actors in the different forest landscapes across the country.
5) The UNEP-DTU partnership (now UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre) and Climate Technology Centre and Network should continuously
provide requisite technical backstopping and support for further development, transfer and diffusion of technologies to advance adaptation
and mitigation in the priority sectors towards delivery of National commitments for adaptation and mitigation as stipulated in various
planning frameworks (e.g. Nationally Determined Contribution, Bonn Challenge, Sustainable Development Goals, National Development
Plan III, Programme Investment Plans, District Development Plans).

20. 4.0 Important references for further reading
• Technology Needs Assessment Report for Climate Change Adaptation. Report I: TNA Report for Climate Change
Adaptation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Water Sectors of Uganda, January 2020. https://tech-action.unepdtu.org/wp-
content/uploads/sites/2/2020/04/uganda-tna-report-adaptation.pdf
• TNA Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework Report, (2020). Technology Needs Assessment Report for Climate Change
Adaptation. TNA report for Climate Change Adaptation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Water Sectors of Uganda. The
Republic of Uganda. https://tech-action.unepdtu.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/01/adaptation-report-baef-uganda.pdf
• UNEP-DTU, (2021). United Nations Environment Program – Technical University of Denmark. Technology Needs
Assessment Report for climate change adaptation. Technology Action Plan for Adaptation in the Agriculture, Water and
Forestry sectors
• Policy brief 6. December 2021. Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration is Critical for Climate Change Adaptation.
https://tech-action.unepdtu.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/01/policy-brief-6-farmer-managed-natural-regeneration-
policy-brief.pdf

21. Thank you for Listening.
Looking forward to your feedback –
questions- clarification – further information