Authors: Francesco N. Tubiello, MAGHG Team -The Science Context: Climate Change Dimensions -International Climate Policy -Critical Issues for Agriculture in the coming decade -The Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Project -Objectives of the workshop Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3-4 June 2013, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

1. Agriculture and Climate Change:
Science and Policy Contexts
Francesco N. Tubiello
MAGHG Team
Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
3-4 June2013, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago

2. Overview
1. The Science Context: Climate Change Dimensions
2. International Climate Policy
3. Critical Issues for Agriculture in the coming decade
4. The Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Project
5. Objectives of the workshop

3. Climate Change:
The critical role of
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses
Fundamental human activities (crop and livestock production,
forestry, associated land use changes) are both a cause of,
and a potential victim of, current and future climate change:
1. They are responsible for large, global scale environmental change
2. Management practices and land use change lead to large amounts of GHG
3. The resulting climate change endangers food security and ecosystems

4. Pastures
add
another
3.0 billion
ha; or
20%
Total land use is ~ 4.0
billion ha, or 30% of
total land.
(Forest cover ~ 4 Gha)
Large global footprint:
Crops cover
~ 1.5 billion
ha, 10% of
global ice-
free land

5. • It has been, is and will continue
to be a key driver of global
change and climate change
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CH4
CH4
N2O
CH4
GHG Emissions
are a direct result of land use

6. AFOLU emissions
and anthropogenic forcing
Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report
12%
Agriculture
18%
LULUCF
26%
Energy
20%
Industry
3%
13%
Transport
Agriculture
LULUCF
Energy
Industry
Waste
Transport
30%

7. The atmospheric implications…
Source: NASA GISS, 2012

8. …and their planetary consequences
Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report
Sources: NASA-GISS, 2012

9. Which Future for next generations?
Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report

10. International Action
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFCCC, signed in 1992 . Main Objective is specified in Article 2:
‘’…stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame
sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to
climate change, to ensure that food production is not
threatened and to enable economic development to
proceed in a sustainable manner’’

11. Common but differentiated responsibility
• Recognition that ANNEX I parties, developed countries, bear
the main responsibility for current GHG concentrations and are
primarily called upon to reduce their emissions (mitigation
actions)
•Non-Annex I countries should nonetheless contribute to
global mitigation efforts –considering their increasingly larger
role
•Annex I parties should help non-Annex I parties in identifying
and implementing mitigation actions and adaptation plans in
their path towards sustainable development
Sources: IEA and NASA-GISS 2012

12. Mechanisms of the UNFCCC
• Reporting GHG emissions by countries with different rules
for Annex I and non-Annex I parties.
• Non-annex I reporting : National Communications,
Biennial Update Report (BUR) from 2014.
• Support to National Adaptation and Mitigation Planning:
o Capacity building and Technology Transfer
o Flexible Mechanisms and Emission Trading (CDM, JI)
• Climate Funding
(Adaptation Fund, Green Climate Fund, REDD+)

13. Agriculture and Climate Change
Responses
There are significant opportunities to develop climate response
actions in agriculture that can address adaptation and
mitigation at the same time:
Good land and water conservation techniques can lead to
increase resilience of production, healthier agro-ecosystems,
enhance food security and favor rural development goals
while reducing GHG emissions and increasing soil carbon
Funding and regulations for mitigation in agriculture can thus be
tied to sound national rural development policies

14. National Appropriate Mitigation
Actions (NAMAs)
UNFCCC vehicle to secure significant international support for
National Mitigation in non-Annex I parties
Significant scope for focusing on agriculture, forestry and
associated land use change activities, to link mitigation to rural
development goals in a coherent grand plan for national
development
Considering the large role that agriculture plays in many non-
Annex I countries

15. Sound GHG Reporting at the center of action
National GHG Reporting
(National Communications,
NAMAs, etc.)
International Community
UNFCCC Parties
COP/MOP
Subsidiary Body for
Scientific and
Technological Advice
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate
Change
IPCC GHG Reporting
Guidelines and
Guidance
$, Technology,
Capacity, etc.

16. MAGHG:
Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions
and Mitigation Potentials in Agriculture
PROJECT GOALS:
• Generate knowledge to help developing countries identify, assess
and report their GHG emissions in agriculture, forestry and fisheries
• Help countries identify mitigation options consistent with their
rural development goals, food security, agro-ecosystems resilience,
including NAMAs
• Close collaboration with IPCC and UNFCCC in support of
reporting and negotiations

17. MAGHG
Project Activities:
• FAOSTAT Emissions database, to identify global
and regional trends and support FAO member
countries
• Capacity development for GHG data reporting
and NAMA development
• Contribution to IPCC: AR5, Revised GPG 2013
KP, IPCC Software

18. Thank you!
Contacto: MAGHG@fao.org
Sitio web MAGHG: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg
Sitio web FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org
Financiado por: