This document provides a classification of textile fibers. It begins by discussing the history of natural fibers used in ancient civilizations. Fibers are then classified as either natural fibers, which include vegetable, animal and mineral fibers, or man-made fibers, which include regenerated, synthetic and inorganic fibers. Specific types of natural fibers are also categorized, such as vegetable fibers further divided into those occurring on seeds, in phloem, tendons, trunks and shells. Bast fibers are further delineated by their lignin content.

1. FIBER AND YARN SCIENCE
UNIT – 1, TOPIC - 2
DATE : 13/10/2020
R.MALATHY
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF FASHION DESIGNING
SRM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

2. LECTURE
ON
CLASSIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBERS

3. CLASSIFICATION OF FIBRES
 The history of
Traces of natural fibers have been located to ancient
civilizations all over the globe.
 For many thousand years, the usage of fiber was limited by
natural fibers such as flax, cotton, silk, wool and plant fibres
for different applications.
 Fibers can be divided into natural fibres and man-made or
chemical fibres.
 Flax is considered to be the oldest and the most used natural
fibre since ancient times.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF FIBRES
 Natural Fibers
 Vegetable Fibres
 Animal Fibres
 Mineral fibers
Man Made fibers
Regenerated fibres
Synthetic fibres
Inorganic fibres
Inorganic fibres

5. CON
 Classification of fibers can be done by:
 Type(Natural and manufactured)
 Length(Short staple, long staple, continuous filament)
 Size(Ultra fine, fine, regular, course)

6. CLASSIFICATION OF FIBRES

7. NATURAL FIBRE
 Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an
animal, vegetable or mineral source that can be
convertible after spinning into yarns and then into
fabric.
 Under them there are various categories:
Plant
Animal
minerals

8. VEGETABLE FIBERS
They can be further on classified as:
 fibre occurring on the seed(raw cotton, java cotton)
 phloem fiber (flax, ramie ,hemp, jute)
 tendon fibre from stem or leaves (manila hemp, sisal hemp etc)
 fibre occurring around the trunk (hemp palm)
 fibre of fruit/ nut shells(coconut fibre – Coir) cotton and linen
are the most important among them.

9. CONT…..
 Bast fibres
 Low Lignin content – Linen or Flax (raw and bleached)
and Ramie
 High Lignin content – Jute, Hemp