The document discusses different color schemes including square, achromatic, and neutral color schemes. Square color schemes space four colors evenly around the color circle with one dominant color. Achromatic schemes use black, grey, or white and denote sophistication, often associated with formal settings. Neutral colors contain equal parts of red, blue, and yellow, making them low saturation and close to grey. The neutral color scheme consists of black, white, grey, and sometimes brown. Neutral colors serve as backgrounds and unify diverse palettes.