Class osteichthyans
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The document describes several key characteristics of milkfish: - They are ray-finned fish with gill slits covered by an operculum and may possess an air sac. - Their scales and skeletons have evolved over time from large ganoid scales to thinner, more flexible scales in modern teleosts. - Modern teleosts have movable jaws/palates and pelvic fins farther forward compared to earlier fish.
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Bony fish
Osteichthyes are bony fish that have skeletons made of bone, scales, gills, and lungs or a swim bladder. They are the largest class of vertebrates and include ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Osteichthyes have an exoskeleton and move through the water using rhythmic contractions of muscle bands. They have various organ systems for digestion, respiration, circulation, senses, reproduction, and regulating their internal environment.
Shark basics
Sharks are cartilaginous fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage. They belong to the class Chondrichthyes and have 5 fins - dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal - that help with stabilization, lifting, steering, and forward momentum. Sharks have specialized anatomy like dermal denticles that reduce turbulence in water, multiple rows of replaceable teeth, electroreceptors and a strong sense of smell that help them survive as predators.
activity 5 - Osteichthyes
The document discusses the key anatomical features of bony fish (Osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). It describes that Osteichthyes have bones and cycloid or ctenoid scales, while Chondrichthyes have cartilage and placoid scales. It then explains the functions of various fins, the lateral line, scales, eyes, nostrils, mouth, gills, operculum, and other parts in fish anatomy.
Diversity of fishes
The document summarizes the diversity of fishes, including their defining characteristics and classification. It describes the three main classes of fishes: jawless Agnatha such as hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous Chondrichthyes including sharks and rays, and bony Osteichthyes such as ray-finned fish. Key traits discussed include types of skeleton, presence of jaws, fins, and scales. Examples are provided of distinguishing features for different groups like sharks, rays, and bony fish.
Cartilaginous fish
Cartilaginous fishes first appeared in the fossil record 420 million years ago during the Devonian Period. They are characterized by having a cartilaginous skeleton with no bone, movable jaws with teeth, and lateral fins. There are nearly 1000 living species including sharks, rays, and skates. The largest species ever was Megalodon, an ancient shark that was over 50 meters long. Cartilaginous fishes have specialized systems like ampullae of Lorenzini that allow them to detect electric fields. They reproduce through internal fertilization.
16. Class Osteichthyes Notes
The document summarizes the key characteristics of the bony fish class Osteichthyes. Bony fish have a skeleton made of bone, scales, and an operculum covering their gills. They possess fins, swim bladders, and their mouths and jaws allow for better movement than sharks to aid feeding. Their internal anatomy includes two-chambered hearts, gills for gas exchange, lateral lines for sensing vibrations, and various sensory organs like eyes and ears. Bony fish exhibit diverse behaviors such as forming territories, schools, and undertaking migrations.
Bony fish
Bony fish have a backbone, skull, brain and kidneys. They are classified into two main types - ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Ray-finned fish make up the majority of fish and have fins supported by bony rays, while lobe-finned fish have fleshy lobes supporting their fins. Bony fish display a variety of adaptations for respiration, circulation, buoyancy and sensory functions.
Diversity Of Fishes
1. The document summarizes the diversity of fishes, which are classified into three main classes - Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes.
2. Agnatha are the most primitive fish and include jawless lampreys and hagfish. Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous fish like sharks, rays and skates.
3. Osteichthyes, or bony fish, are the largest and most diverse class, with adaptations for swimming like streamlined bodies and fins, as well as scales, lateral lines and buoyancy organs.
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Bony fish
Osteichthyes are bony fish that have skeletons made of bone, scales, gills, and lungs or a swim bladder. They are the largest class of vertebrates and include ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Osteichthyes have an exoskeleton and move through the water using rhythmic contractions of muscle bands. They have various organ systems for digestion, respiration, circulation, senses, reproduction, and regulating their internal environment.
Shark basics
Sharks are cartilaginous fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage. They belong to the class Chondrichthyes and have 5 fins - dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal - that help with stabilization, lifting, steering, and forward momentum. Sharks have specialized anatomy like dermal denticles that reduce turbulence in water, multiple rows of replaceable teeth, electroreceptors and a strong sense of smell that help them survive as predators.
activity 5 - Osteichthyes
The document discusses the key anatomical features of bony fish (Osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). It describes that Osteichthyes have bones and cycloid or ctenoid scales, while Chondrichthyes have cartilage and placoid scales. It then explains the functions of various fins, the lateral line, scales, eyes, nostrils, mouth, gills, operculum, and other parts in fish anatomy.
Diversity of fishes
The document summarizes the diversity of fishes, including their defining characteristics and classification. It describes the three main classes of fishes: jawless Agnatha such as hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous Chondrichthyes including sharks and rays, and bony Osteichthyes such as ray-finned fish. Key traits discussed include types of skeleton, presence of jaws, fins, and scales. Examples are provided of distinguishing features for different groups like sharks, rays, and bony fish.
Cartilaginous fish
Cartilaginous fishes first appeared in the fossil record 420 million years ago during the Devonian Period. They are characterized by having a cartilaginous skeleton with no bone, movable jaws with teeth, and lateral fins. There are nearly 1000 living species including sharks, rays, and skates. The largest species ever was Megalodon, an ancient shark that was over 50 meters long. Cartilaginous fishes have specialized systems like ampullae of Lorenzini that allow them to detect electric fields. They reproduce through internal fertilization.
16. Class Osteichthyes Notes
The document summarizes the key characteristics of the bony fish class Osteichthyes. Bony fish have a skeleton made of bone, scales, and an operculum covering their gills. They possess fins, swim bladders, and their mouths and jaws allow for better movement than sharks to aid feeding. Their internal anatomy includes two-chambered hearts, gills for gas exchange, lateral lines for sensing vibrations, and various sensory organs like eyes and ears. Bony fish exhibit diverse behaviors such as forming territories, schools, and undertaking migrations.
Bony fish
Bony fish have a backbone, skull, brain and kidneys. They are classified into two main types - ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Ray-finned fish make up the majority of fish and have fins supported by bony rays, while lobe-finned fish have fleshy lobes supporting their fins. Bony fish display a variety of adaptations for respiration, circulation, buoyancy and sensory functions.
Diversity Of Fishes
1. The document summarizes the diversity of fishes, which are classified into three main classes - Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes.
2. Agnatha are the most primitive fish and include jawless lampreys and hagfish. Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous fish like sharks, rays and skates.
3. Osteichthyes, or bony fish, are the largest and most diverse class, with adaptations for swimming like streamlined bodies and fins, as well as scales, lateral lines and buoyancy organs.
Fish
Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.
Bony fish powerpoint
This document discusses bony fish, including their:
- Classification in the phylum Chordata and class Actinopterygii, with over 25,000 species.
- Key characteristics like presence of swim bladders, bones, bony scales, and fin rays.
- Two major subgroups based on tail type, skeleton composition, and scale features.
- Diverse body shapes adapted for different habitats like streams, coral reefs, or burrowing.
- Respiration via gills, circulation with a four-chambered heart, and buoyancy regulated by a swim bladder.
- Varied coloration serving functions like camouflage, communication, and pred
Presentation1.pptx diveristy in fishes
This document provides an overview of the many ways that fish diversity can be categorized, including by species, habitat, lifespan, size, breeding behavior, brooding behavior, feeding behavior, vision, shape, locomotion, toxicity, and human use. It discusses the large number of fish species that have been discovered and some of the extreme variations that can be seen between different types of fish in each of these categories.
Osteichthyes Notes
Bony fish make up the largest group of vertebrates, with approximately 25,000 species worldwide. They are characterized by having a bony skeleton, two-chambered heart, scales, lateral line system, and being cold-blooded. Primitive bony fish had heavy scales and fins farther apart on their bodies, and used their air bladders like lungs. There are four main types of scales that provide protection: placoid on sharks, ganoid connected like armor, and cycloid and ctenoid which differ in smooth or spiked edges.
Diversity Of Fish And Amphibians
The document discusses the diversity of chordates and vertebrates. It covers the four key characteristics of vertebrates, including having a notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a tail that extends beyond the anus. It then describes the major groups of fish, including sharks, rays, bony fish, lobe-finned fish, and lungfish. Finally, it discusses the three orders of amphibians: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.
Bony fish powerpoint
The document summarizes key characteristics of bony fishes. It describes that bony fishes have over 27,000 species, an endoskeleton of true bone, and are found in all marine habitats. It then outlines some of the major types of bony fishes including lobe-finned fish and ray-finned fish. Mobility, buoyancy, gas exchange, senses, reproduction and protection mechanisms are also summarized.
17. Class Chondrichthyes Notes
Class Chondrichthyes includes cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and skates. They have skeletons made of cartilage and possess movable jaws and teeth. Their skin is rough and sandpaper-like, made of scales with the same composition as teeth. Sharks have been largely unchanged for over 100 million years. The largest predatory fish ever was the ancient megalodon shark, which was twice the size of a great white shark.
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This document discusses chordates and vertebrates. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and belong to the phylum chordata. It also describes two other chordate groups, lancelets and tunicates. Key characteristics of chordates include having a tail, nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and notochord. The document then focuses on characteristics of vertebrates like their backbone and skull. It classifies vertebrates as either warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Finally, it outlines the three classes of fish and characteristics like breathing with gills and reproduction through external fertilization.
Fish
This document provides information about the history and anatomy of fish. It discusses:
- The earliest fish, ostracoderms, from 425 million years ago that lacked jaws.
- Two groups of jawed fish that evolved around 395 million years ago: placoderms with fused upper jaws and acanthodians with bony spines.
- The general characteristics of modern fish, including being cold-blooded, breathing with gills, and moving with fins to maintain salt and water levels.
- The external anatomy of fish including fins, scales, eyes, mouth and lateral line sensory system.
- The internal organs of fish such as gills, heart, liver, kidneys and swim bladder that aid
Chondrichthyes.
This document provides information about sharks, skates, and rays (Chondrichthyes). It discusses their habitats in temperate and cold, deep waters. It describes how they hunt and feed near coastal areas. The document also outlines the evolution of Chondrichthyes, noting their appearance in the Devonian period and placoderm ancestors. Key adaptations like cartilage skeletons, spiral valves, and specialized jaws are also summarized.
Fish
This document provides an overview of fish classification and types. It discusses the three main classes of fish: Agnatha (jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish like sharks and rays), and Osteichthyes (bony fish including over 20,000 species such as salmon and tuna). Key details are provided on characteristics like respiration, circulation, adaptations, and reproduction for the different fish classes. Examples of specific fish species are also mentioned like coelacanth, cichlids, pufferfish, and fugu.
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The document discusses key anatomical terms used to describe directionality in the body. It then summarizes the evolution of chordates, highlighting four defining characteristics and advantages conferred by these traits. Various hypotheses on vertebrate evolution are presented, along with an overview of major chordate subgroups and their defining features.
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This document describes an osteichthye fish named Zanclus. It discusses Zanclus' bony structure, preferred living conditions, daily activities, evolutionary ancestry, and special features that are unique to osteichthyes like their scales, taste buds, and backbones. The document also provides pictures of different osteichthye fish and annotated bibliographies on bony fish classification.
Ap Bio. Osteichthyes Class Ppt2
Osteichthyes, or bony fish, have bones reinforced with calcium salts, an operculum covering their gills, and use paired fins to move around. They are closely related to land vertebrates. They have specialized body systems and complex organs like eyes supported by bones. There are over 29,000 species of bony fish classified in this class, and they vary in diet from species to species.
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Fish
Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.
Bony fish powerpoint
This document discusses bony fish, including their:
- Classification in the phylum Chordata and class Actinopterygii, with over 25,000 species.
- Key characteristics like presence of swim bladders, bones, bony scales, and fin rays.
- Two major subgroups based on tail type, skeleton composition, and scale features.
- Diverse body shapes adapted for different habitats like streams, coral reefs, or burrowing.
- Respiration via gills, circulation with a four-chambered heart, and buoyancy regulated by a swim bladder.
- Varied coloration serving functions like camouflage, communication, and pred
Presentation1.pptx diveristy in fishes
This document provides an overview of the many ways that fish diversity can be categorized, including by species, habitat, lifespan, size, breeding behavior, brooding behavior, feeding behavior, vision, shape, locomotion, toxicity, and human use. It discusses the large number of fish species that have been discovered and some of the extreme variations that can be seen between different types of fish in each of these categories.
Osteichthyes Notes
Bony fish make up the largest group of vertebrates, with approximately 25,000 species worldwide. They are characterized by having a bony skeleton, two-chambered heart, scales, lateral line system, and being cold-blooded. Primitive bony fish had heavy scales and fins farther apart on their bodies, and used their air bladders like lungs. There are four main types of scales that provide protection: placoid on sharks, ganoid connected like armor, and cycloid and ctenoid which differ in smooth or spiked edges.
Diversity Of Fish And Amphibians
The document discusses the diversity of chordates and vertebrates. It covers the four key characteristics of vertebrates, including having a notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a tail that extends beyond the anus. It then describes the major groups of fish, including sharks, rays, bony fish, lobe-finned fish, and lungfish. Finally, it discusses the three orders of amphibians: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.
Bony fish powerpoint
The document summarizes key characteristics of bony fishes. It describes that bony fishes have over 27,000 species, an endoskeleton of true bone, and are found in all marine habitats. It then outlines some of the major types of bony fishes including lobe-finned fish and ray-finned fish. Mobility, buoyancy, gas exchange, senses, reproduction and protection mechanisms are also summarized.
17. Class Chondrichthyes Notes
Class Chondrichthyes includes cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and skates. They have skeletons made of cartilage and possess movable jaws and teeth. Their skin is rough and sandpaper-like, made of scales with the same composition as teeth. Sharks have been largely unchanged for over 100 million years. The largest predatory fish ever was the ancient megalodon shark, which was twice the size of a great white shark.
Fish morphology - fish fins
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Basic fish anatomy
This document provides an overview of fish anatomy and body systems. It discusses the integumentary system of fish, which consists of an outer epidermis and inner dermis layer. The epidermis is a multilayered epithelium and the dermis is a fibrous structure containing blood vessels, nerves, scales, and fat tissue. Scales are an important part of the dermal skeleton and can vary in size. The document also briefly mentions the respiratory, skeletal, digestive, circulatory, urinary and reproductive systems of fish.
Fish(PISCES) general characters
Pisces are poikilothermic vertebrates that are completely aquatic and breathe through gills. They have streamlined bodies differentiated into head, trunk, and tail. Their exoskeleton consists of scales or bony plates and their endoskeleton is either cartilaginous or bony. Locomotion is provided by paired and unpaired fins while respiration occurs through gills. Pisces have a two-chambered heart and primarily ammonotelic kidneys.
Anatomy & Physiology - Giant Clam & fish
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of giant clams and fish. It begins with an introduction to clams, noting that they first appeared 510 million years ago and can range in size from microscopic to giant clams weighing 200kg. It then discusses the key characteristics of clams, including their two calcareous shells, ability to filter feed, and use of siphons. For fish, it outlines their three main classes - Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes - and provides details on the external anatomy, senses, fins, skin, scales, coloration, muscles, body shapes, and adaptations of different fish types.
Fish anatomy
This document provides information about fish anatomy and aging fish using otoliths. It describes the external anatomy of fish such as fins, scales, lateral line and internal anatomy including organs like gills, kidneys and gonads. It explains that otoliths are structures behind the brain that help with balance and hearing and can be used to determine a fish's age by counting growth rings. Validating the age estimates involves techniques like tagging and recapturing fish or rearing them in laboratories to compare known ages to otolith ring counts.
Class chondrichtyes Group 4
This document summarizes key anatomical features of cartilaginous fishes. It describes that they have cartilaginous skeletons, paired fins, and gills for respiration. It provides details on various external features like dermal denticles, claspers, lateral line canals, and fins. Internally, it discusses respiration through gills, spiracles that provide oxygen to the eyes and brain, and heterocercal tails that aid in locomotion.
Jawless fishes powerpoint
The jawless fishes, or class Agnatha, are the most primitive fish with long, eel-like bodies lacking paired fins, jaws, and operculum. They have circular mouths that cannot close and use a rasping tongue and sharp teeth to tear holes in prey and suck out fluids, with less than 50 living species such as hagfish that burrow and eat worms or scavenge using slime for protection and parasitic lampreys that have a strong sense of smell to find prey.
Fishes
This document discusses chordates and vertebrates. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and belong to the phylum chordata. It also describes two other chordate groups, lancelets and tunicates. Key characteristics of chordates include having a tail, nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and notochord. The document then focuses on characteristics of vertebrates like their backbone and skull. It classifies vertebrates as either warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Finally, it outlines the three classes of fish and characteristics like breathing with gills and reproduction through external fertilization.
Fish
This document provides information about the history and anatomy of fish. It discusses:
- The earliest fish, ostracoderms, from 425 million years ago that lacked jaws.
- Two groups of jawed fish that evolved around 395 million years ago: placoderms with fused upper jaws and acanthodians with bony spines.
- The general characteristics of modern fish, including being cold-blooded, breathing with gills, and moving with fins to maintain salt and water levels.
- The external anatomy of fish including fins, scales, eyes, mouth and lateral line sensory system.
- The internal organs of fish such as gills, heart, liver, kidneys and swim bladder that aid
Chondrichthyes.
This document provides information about sharks, skates, and rays (Chondrichthyes). It discusses their habitats in temperate and cold, deep waters. It describes how they hunt and feed near coastal areas. The document also outlines the evolution of Chondrichthyes, noting their appearance in the Devonian period and placoderm ancestors. Key adaptations like cartilage skeletons, spiral valves, and specialized jaws are also summarized.
Fish
This document provides an overview of fish classification and types. It discusses the three main classes of fish: Agnatha (jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish like sharks and rays), and Osteichthyes (bony fish including over 20,000 species such as salmon and tuna). Key details are provided on characteristics like respiration, circulation, adaptations, and reproduction for the different fish classes. Examples of specific fish species are also mentioned like coelacanth, cichlids, pufferfish, and fugu.
Fish Unit
The document discusses key anatomical terms used to describe directionality in the body. It then summarizes the evolution of chordates, highlighting four defining characteristics and advantages conferred by these traits. Various hypotheses on vertebrate evolution are presented, along with an overview of major chordate subgroups and their defining features.
Osteichthyes
This document describes an osteichthye fish named Zanclus. It discusses Zanclus' bony structure, preferred living conditions, daily activities, evolutionary ancestry, and special features that are unique to osteichthyes like their scales, taste buds, and backbones. The document also provides pictures of different osteichthye fish and annotated bibliographies on bony fish classification.
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Osteichthyes, or bony fish, have bones reinforced with calcium salts, an operculum covering their gills, and use paired fins to move around. They are closely related to land vertebrates. They have specialized body systems and complex organs like eyes supported by bones. There are over 29,000 species of bony fish classified in this class, and they vary in diet from species to species.
Gareth Davies - Coarse Fish Scale Reading
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- Ray-finned fishes are the most numerous and diverse group, with fins attached by fin rays. They are divided into subclasses with cartilaginous or bony skeletons and different tail and scale structures.
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This document provides an overview of fish morphology and anatomy. It describes the basic body divisions of head, trunk, and tail. It then discusses various body shapes and tail types that influence how fish move and live. These include elongated, compressed, rounded, and forked tail shapes. It also covers scale types, mouth positions, coloration strategies for camouflage and defense, and schooling behavior. The goal is to understand how fish body forms relate to their environment and lifestyle.
Fish anatomy
This document provides information about fish anatomy and aging using otoliths. It describes the external anatomy of fish such as fins, scales, lateral line and internal anatomy including organs like gills, kidneys and gonads. It also explains how otoliths, structures located behind the brain, are used to determine a fish's age by counting growth rings similar to tree rings. Validating the age estimates involves techniques like tagging and recapturing fish that have been injected with chemicals that appear as bands in the otoliths.
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The document discusses the structure, composition, and functions of the integumentary system. It describes the three main layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. It details the differences between these layers and lists the skin's main functions like protection, temperature regulation, and sensory functions. The document also examines glands associated with the skin like sweat glands and sebaceous glands. It discusses skin derivatives like hair, nails, scales and compares skin structures across different chordates.
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Fish have several key characteristics that define them as chordates, including a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and gill slits. There are three main classes of fish: jawless fish like lampreys, cartilaginous fish such as skates, and boney fish including rainbow trout. Boney fish make up over 95% of fish species and have skeletons made of bone. Ectotherms are animals whose body temperature changes with the environment, while endotherms regulate an internal constant temperature.
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- Chordates evolved from invertebrates and display traits like bilateral symmetry, segmentation, and a gut tube. Chordates are distinguished by having a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail, and myotomes (blocks of muscle) at some stage of their life.
- Vertebrates are chordates that have evolved additional traits like a skull, vertebral column, and endoskeleton. They have undergone further diversification into groups like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals which have specialized for various environments.
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- Chordates evolved from invertebrates and display traits like bilateral symmetry, segmentation, and a gut tube. Chordate evolution led to specializations like variations in limb structure in mammals.
- The four defining chordate features present in embryos and sometimes adults are a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail.
- Vertebrates are chordates that evolved a cartilage or bone skull, vertebral column, and other adaptations to land like lungs and efficient kidneys. Major vertebrate groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Marine invertebrates are animals without backbones that live in marine environments. They make up at least 97% of all animal species and include sponges, cnidarians like jellyfish and corals, worms, molluscs like clams and octopuses, and other phyla. Sponges are sessile filter feeders that pump water through their bodies to feed. Cnidarians like jellyfish and anemones use stinging cells called nematocysts to capture prey. Worms display bilateral or radial symmetry and include flatworms, ribbon worms, nematodes, and segmented worms. Molluscs are a large and diverse phylum that includes shelled gastropods and
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Marine invertebrates are animals without backbones that live in ocean environments. They make up at least 97% of all animal species and include sponges, cnidarians like jellyfish and corals, worms, molluscs like clams and octopuses, and arthropods like crustaceans. Many are filter feeders that eat plankton or detritus and play important ecological roles in ocean ecosystems.
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This document classifies and describes various aquatic animals and their adaptations. It discusses fishes having scales, gills and nostrils. It also describes sponges as sessile animals without organs or muscles. Cnidarians like hydras and jellyfish are radially symmetrical with stinging tentacles. Molluscs have soft bodies and shells, breathing and feeding through gills. Adaptations for aquatic animals include webbed feet and claws for swimming, camouflage, and a second eyelid. Frogs in water have strong legs and sometimes webbed feet for jumping, swimming and escaping predators.
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The document provides information on the external and internal anatomy of finfish. It discusses the ten body systems of fish and the three main classes of fish - Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes. It describes the external anatomy including common body forms, body covering, scales, and fins. It details the internal anatomy covering organs like the brain, esophagus, stomach, and more. It also discusses the structure, types, and arrangements of scales and fins in more detail.
anatomy of finfish ecourse fisheries.docx
The document provides an overview of the external and internal anatomy of finfish. It describes the 10 bodily systems that make up a fish's anatomy and the three main classes of fish: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes. Externally, it discusses the body forms of different fish, their body covering of skin and scales, and the structure of their fins. Internally, it outlines the brain, digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, and other internal organs of bony fish. It also provides details on the layers of skin, mucus coating, and types and arrangements of scales.
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This document summarizes the phylum Chordata and types of fish. It describes the three subphyla of Chordata: Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata. Vertebrata contains seven classes of organisms including Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish), and Osteichthyes (bony fish). Key characteristics of fish are described such as their notochord, nerve cord, pharynx, gills, and circulatory, digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. Evolutionary adaptations that enabled fish to transition to land are also outlined.
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The first vertebrates were jawless fishlike animals that appeared over 500 million years ago. They had cartilaginous internal skeletons. Ostracoderms had bony armor. Early vertebrates evolved in both marine and freshwater environments. Modern fish classes include cartilaginous Chondrichthyes like sharks and bony Osteichthyes including Sarcopterygii with lungs and Actinopterygii with ray fins, including most common fish species.
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This document provides information on ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii). It describes their general characteristics such as habitat, locomotion, nutrition, and reproduction. It also covers their classification and anatomical features. Ray-finned fish make up over 50% of known fish species and contain familiar bony fish. They have flexible fins supported by bones. Lobe-finned fish were more abundant in the past and include lungfish and coelacanths. They have fleshy lobed fins and some can live on land.
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The document provides information about the external and internal anatomy of fish, using a largemouth bass as an example:
- Externally, it describes fins, scales, lateral line, eyes, mouth, gill covers, and vent. Internally, it outlines the spine, spinal cord, brain, swim bladder, gills, kidneys, stomach, intestines, liver, heart, gonads, muscles.
- It provides details on measuring fish length and girth, and formulas for estimating weight from length and girth measurements.
- The closing paragraph notes that many fish swim by contracting muscle blocks from head to tail to flex the body side to side or up and down.
Mullusk
Mollusks are a diverse phylum of soft-bodied animals that usually have an external or internal shell. They include snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses. The basic body plan of mollusks consists of a foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass. The three main classes of mollusks are gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods. Gastropods are shelled or shell-less mollusks that move using a foot, while bivalves have two shells held together by muscles. Cephalopods like squid and octopus have a head attached to a muscular foot that is modified into tentacles.
Fish skeleton
The document discusses the evolution of the fish skeleton from early jawless fish to modern bony fish. It describes how early fish had simpler skeletons made of cartilage while modern fish have more complex skeletons made of many interlocking bones. This allows fish to balance strength with being lightweight for efficient swimming. The spine has also evolved from a simple cartilage tube to a fully bony structure of movable vertebrae.
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Fishes have gills that extract oxygen from water. Water passes over the gills as fish swim, allowing oxygen to diffuse into blood vessels and carbon dioxide to diffuse out. There are three main classes of fish: jawless fish like lampreys and hagfish that lack jaws; cartilaginous fish like sharks that have skeletons made of cartilage; and bony fish, which is the largest class and have skeletons made of bone. Bony fish use a swim bladder to control their buoyancy and have scales and fins adapted for swimming.
Unit 25 Vertebrates
All vertebrates share four key characteristics - a notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and tail - at some stage of development. While most lose these traits as adults, they define the phylum Chordata. Vertebrates evolved internal skeletons allowing them to grow larger and more complex, with jaws developing from gill arches, giving them predatory advantages. Major vertebrate groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Chapter 30 Power Point[1]
The document summarizes information about chordates, fish, and amphibians. It defines chordates as animals that have a hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches and tail extending beyond the anus. It describes the evolution of jaws and fins in fish and lists the three groups of fish. It defines amphibians as living in water and land and describes their evolution, forms and functions, and the three groups of amphibians.
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The document discusses various types of fish, including their anatomy, reproduction, movement, and other characteristics. It provides details on several specific fish such as the great white shark, clownfish, electric eel, and mentions fish have a two-chambered heart and extract oxygen from water through their gills. The document also includes some fun facts about the abilities and behaviors of different fish.
Ap Chap 34 The Vertebrates
The document summarizes key aspects of vertebrate evolution over the past 530 million years. It describes how early chordates gave rise to vertebrates, which have a backbone and a wide diversity of over 52,000 species. Vertebrates are further divided into groups like sharks, ray-finned fishes, lobe-fins, tetrapods, amphibians, amniotes, reptiles including birds, and mammals. Many adaptations like jaws, limbs, lungs and live birth enabled vertebrates to diversify and dominate life on land and in the oceans.
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Marine mammals include whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, walruses, manatees, and dugongs. They are warm-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates that nurse their young with milk and spend all or most of their time in marine environments. Marine mammals come in a variety of sizes and fill different ecological roles, such as predators, herbivores, and filter feeders. They are protected by laws such as the Marine Mammal Protection Act due to threats such as hunting, pollution, and habitat loss.
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Class osteichthyans
- 2. Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes) Sarcopterygii (Lobe-finned fishes)
- 3. Membranous fins are supported by slender fin rays radiating from basal skeletal elements within the body wall Gill slits covered by a bony operculum Air sac is usually present Internal nares are lacking Basal Actinopterygians Neopterygians
- 4. Paleoniscoids Large ganoid scales Well-ossified endoskeleton Air sacs are connected to the pharynx by an air duct that enebles aerial respiration Sturgeons and paddlefishes Have endoskeleton is largely cartilaginous Scales lack ganion Skin of paddle-fishes is naked exept for small bony scales on tail
- 5. Gras and bowfins Trunk and tail of gars are covered with ganoid scales; trunk and tail of Amia have modern fish scales Endoskeleton is ossified Brainacase (neurocranium) remains largely cartilaginous Teleosts “modern” Scales are in the dermis, very thin and flexible Dermal bones of the skull are thinner and more numerous Jaws and palate are more independently maneuverable Pelvic fins are far forward
- 6. - Fleshy lobe at the base of their paired fins - Have internal nares that open into the oropharyngeal cavity and retain a gas-filled air - Gill slits are covered by a bony opercullum that grows caudad from the second pharyngeal arch - Actinistia - coelacanths - Rhipidistia - Dipnoans
- 7. Lateral View
- 8. Tail fin (caudal fin) 2 types of tail fin * Homocercal- Top and bottom halves the same size. * Heterocercal- Top half different size than bottom half.
- 10. LATERAL LINE a. A system of canals on the sides of fishes that helps fish detect changes in pressure, vibrations and currents. b. This incredible sense organ helps fishes to detect prey, adjust their position to the currents, and keep in position in a school. c. They pick up vibrations from the swimming of other animals and water disturbed by sound waves, which cause changes in pressure. d. The longer the fish’s body the longer is the lateral line and the more sensitive to the environment. The canals are not only in the skin but also in the bone or cartilage of the head.
- 11. Found on non-teleost bony fishes Usually diamond shaped bony scales “Heavy armor”
- 12. Found on teleost fishes Light, thin, & flexible
- 13. Teleost fishes Have comblike ridges along the exposed edge to reduce friction (drag)
- 17. a. Closed circulatory system i. The blood is always kept in vessels b. Heart i. Only has two chambers ii. Blood goes from heart to gills to the rest of the body iii. Mammals blood goes; heart, lungs, heart, rest of body