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Part and functions of fish organs

Fins originally evolved for locomotion in aquatic environments and have taken different shapes providing functions besides locomotion. The main external organs of fish are fins including dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins which aid in movement, stability, stopping, and propulsion. The lateral line system detects vibrations through mechanoreceptor cells called neuromasts, allowing fish to find food, navigate, and avoid predators. It is made up of the lateral line canal containing neuromasts which transduce water movements to the brain. Gills supply oxygen from water and other organs include barbels, scales, and a mucus coating which aid in tasks like feeding, protection, and swimming.

Education◦
FISH PHYSIOLOGY LITO A. APELO Lecturer Khabura Vocational College of Marine Science Sultanate of Oman
Parts and Functions of Fish Organs (External Organs)
Fins  allow the fish to stay upright, move, and maneuver in the water https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=55&v=-mC2VJ_Etm The Evolution of Fins - Fins originally evolved for locomotion, or thrust and rotation in an aquatic environment. Over hundreds of millions of years, fins have taken a variety of shapes and forms providing separate functions besides just locomotion.
FINS OF FISH
Rays  Soft cartilage structure that supports the fins of the fish.
Spine Hard structure that supports the fins and is used for defense
Dorsal and Anal Fins Balance and close quarters movements
DORSAL FIN are located on the back. A fish can have up to three dorsal fins. The dorsal fins serve to protect the fish against rolling, and assist it in sudden turns and stops.
ANAL FINS The anal/cloacal fin is located on the ventral surface behind the anus/cloaca. This fin is used to stabilize the fish while swimming.
Pectoral Fin Allows to fish to dive and also allows the fish to stay in one spot.
PECTORAL FINS A peculiar function of pectoral fins, highly developed in some fish, is the creation of the dynamic lifting force that assists some fish, such as sharks, in maintaining depth and also enables the "flight" for flying fish. In many fish, the pectoral fins aid in walking, especially in the lobe-like fins of some anglerfish and in the mudskipper. Certain rays of the pectoral fins may be adapted into finger-like projections, such as in sea robins and flying gurnards.
Pelvic Fin Balances and positions
PELVIC FINS The pelvic fin assists the fish in going up or down through the water, turning sharply, and stopping quickly.
Tail Fin Helps to propel the fish
TAIL/CAUDAL FINS The caudal fin is the tail fin (from the Latin cauda meaning tail), located at the end of the caudal peduncle and is used for propulsion.
Lateral Line Helps the fish detect vibration, sensors, and helps the fish to find food and to navigate to avoid predators. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqraFwQF1iU
LATERAL/TACTILE LINE
TACTILE SENSATION WITH LATERAL LINE ORGANS Fish are aquatic animals with great diversity. There are over 32’000 species of fish, making it the largest group of vertebrates. Most fish possess highly developed sense organs. The eyes of most daylight dwelling fish are capable of color vision. Some can even see ultra violet light. Fish also have a very good sense of smell. Trout for example have special holes called “nares” in their head that they use to register tiny amounts of chemicals in the water. Migrating salmon coming from the ocean use this sense to find their way back to their home streams, because they remember what they smell like. Especially ground dwelling fish have a very strong tactile sense in their lips and barbels. Their taste buds are also located there. They use these senses to search for food on the ground and in murky waters. Fish also have a lateral line system, also known as the LATERALIS SYSTEM. It is a system of tactile sense organs located in the head and along both sides of the body. It is used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water.
HOW DOES IT FUNCTION? • Fish use the lateral line sense organ to sense prey and predators, changes in the current and its orientation and they use it to avoid collision in schooling. • The lateral line sensory organ is necessary for fish to detect their prey and orient towards it. The fish detect and orient themselves towards movements created by prey or a vibrating metal sphere even when they are blinded. When signal transduction in the lateral lines is inhibited by cobalt chloride application, the ability to target the prey is greatly diminished. • The dependency of fish on the lateral line organ to avoid collisions in schooling fish was demonstrated by Pitcher et al. in 1976, where they show that optically blinded fish can swim in a school of fish, while those with a disabled lateral line organ cannot.
ANATOMY EXPLAINED….. The lateral lines are visible as two faint lines that run along either side of the fish body, from its head to its tail. They are made up of a series of mechanoreceptor cells called neuromasts. These are either located on the surface of the skin or are, more frequently, embedded within the lateral line canal. The lateral line canal is a mucus filled structure that lies just beneath the skin and transduces the external water displacement through openings from the outside to the neuromasts on the inside. The neuromasts themselves are made up of sensory cells with fine hair cells that are encapsulated by a cylindrical gelatinous cupula. These reach either directly into the open water (common in deep sea fish) or into the lymph fluid of the lateral line canal. The changing water pressures bend the cupula, and in turn the hair cells inside. Similar to the hair cells in all vertebrate ears, a deflection towards the shorter cilia leads to a hyperpolarization (decrease of firing rate) and a deflection in the opposite direction leads to depolarization (increase of firing rate) of the sensory cells. Therefore the pressure information is transduced to digital information using rate coding that is then passed along the lateral line nerve to the brain. By integrating many neuromasts through their afferent and efferent connections, complex circuits can be formed. This can make them respond to different stimulation frequencies and consequently coding for different parameters, like acceleration or velocity
The lateral lines are visible as two faint lines that run along either side of the fish body, from its head to its tail.
They are made up of a series of mechanoreceptor cells called neuromasts. The lateral line canal is a mucus filled structure that lies just beneath the skin Mucus refers to the viscous, slimy and slippery substance that is secreted by the glands. Like a jelly… This can make them respond to different stimulation frequencies and consequently coding for different parameters, like acceleration or velocity
FISH LATERAL LINE EXPLAINED.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqraFwQF1iU
Gills Supply the fish with oxygen that they need from water. Gills are one of the most important parts on a fish.
Gill Raker Strain the aquatic micro structure for use by the fish.
Barbels Bottom feeders, they only taste and feel
Scales Protective cover on fish that prevents injury or disease also indicates age.
Catfish-Bullhead Tough skin and scales Trout/Carp
Mucus Covering Protection from infections and disease. Also helps in swimming, lowering friction in the water.
Nostrils Are for smell