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Fish

This document provides an overview of fish classification and types. It discusses the three main classes of fish: Agnatha (jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish like sharks and rays), and Osteichthyes (bony fish including over 20,000 species such as salmon and tuna). Key details are provided on characteristics like respiration, circulation, adaptations, and reproduction for the different fish classes. Examples of specific fish species are also mentioned like coelacanth, cichlids, pufferfish, and fugu.

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Fish
Classification • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Classes- Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes
Agnatha Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish
4 TYPES OF FISH Jawless fish: lamprey and hagfish Lamprey is a parasite, it attaches to other fish and sucks their blood Hagfish is a scavenger, it lives in the ocean and is known for its slimy secretions
Types of Agnathans • Hagfish- Ocean scavengers, not much is known about them. • Lamprey- fresh and salt water, they are parasitic and prey on other fish. * Both have cartilaginous skeletons and sucker-like mouths.
6 • Sea Lamprey • Possible Control?
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A Sliming Hagfish QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Class question: Why do you think it does this? A Shark & A Hagfish Hagfish Slime Makes Super Clothes
Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous Fish: Shark, Ray
Types of Chondrichthyes • Sharks and Rays- have no operculum and must keep moving to breathe. • Have different kinds of scales that feel and look more like sandpaper. • Have skeletons made of cartilage not bones.
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Chondrichthyes • Sharks are adapted for a predatory lifestyle. • Cartilage skeletons, stiff pectoral fins (speed). • No operculum, must keep moving to breathe. • Have live births. • Special scales feel like sandpaper. • Manta, and Sting Rays- live in shallow water, have mouths located on the underside, are fairly docile, wide flat bodies and wing-like fins that are flexible.
14 SHARKS *The pectoral fins of sharks do not move * Sharks do not have an operculum or a swim bladder *sharks will sink if they stop swimming
19 Basking Shark is a filter feeder
Osteichthyes Bony Fish: Salmon, Carp, Tuna Over 20,000 different species
Fish Characteristics • Gills • Backbone (vertebrae) • Paired Fins • Single Loop Circulation • Two chambered heart
Types of Osteichthyes Ray Finned: – Most fish are this type – Fins are supported by bony structures called Rays. – Teleosts are the most advanced form of ray finned fish (symmetrical tails and mobile fins). Lobe Finned: – Fins are long, fleshy, muscular, supported by central core of bones. – Thought to be ancestors of amphibians. – Examples are: Coelacanth, Lungfish
Fish Anatomy
Fins
Different Dorsal Fins
Fish Adaptations • Lateral Line System- used to detect vibrations, orient the fish in water, it is a line of cells running down the side of the fish. • Operculum- gill cover, movement of operculum allows more water to be drawn in. • Swim Bladder- a gas filled sac that helps the fish maintain buoyancy. Sharks don’t have a swim bladder! • Fins- Dorsal, Caudal, Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal.
Adaptations Air Bladder Operculum Lateral Gills Line Fins
Fish Respiration • Water flows over Gills as fish opens mouth and swims. • Water flows opposite direction of blood flow. • O2 diffuses from the water into the blood. • Gills are made of thousands of gill filaments. • Gills are covered by the Operculum.
Fish Circulation • Fish heart has 2 chambers • Single loop circulation • Blood flows into gills, picks up O2, goes to the body, returns to the heart.
Fish Reproduction • Most Fish reproduce sexually, and fertilize their eggs externally (Sharks-internally). • Spawning is the process of fertilizing eggs. • Baby fish are called FRY.
32 Coelacanth: living fossil, lobe-finned
33 Cichlids
34 Clown Fish (Nemo)
35 Kissing Fish
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40 The puffer fish uses air to expand its body to look intimidating to predators
41 Fugu (Japan): Despite precise preparation by specially qualified chefs, this toxic puffer fish delicacy kills people every year.The emperor of Japan isn't allowed to eat fugu lest it be his last meal. For all that work and risk, it still tastes like fish, but many people respect the chefs.
Just Amazing!!!! QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.