This document discusses various organelles found in plant and animal cells including the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and differences between plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus packages and transports proteins, lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, mitochondria generate energy, plastids aid photosynthesis in plants, and vacuoles provide storage. It also covers cell division and the process of mitosis and meiosis.

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- VIDEO 4
• GOLGI APPARATUS
• LYSOSOMES
• MITOCHONDIA
• PLASTIDS
• VACOULES
• CELL DIVISION
• ORGANELLES IN PLANT AND ANIMAL
CELL

2. GOLGI APPARATUS
• Golgi apparatus was first discovered by
Camillo Golgi .
• This is also called post office of cell.
• This consist of membrane bound sacs that are
arranged parallel to each other in stacks which
is called Cisterns
• . These are connected with membranes of ER
• FUNCTIONS:.
• Golgi apparatus pack and transport the
proteins across the cytoplasm.
• Its functions include storage , modification
and packaging .
• These also form lysosomes .

3. LYSOSOMES
• These are membrane bound .
• They are referred to as suicide bags of the cell as
they contain potent enzymes that can digest a cell.
• Lysosome also help in defense by attacking a
foreign object.
• These are made by rough ER .
• We can say it is type of waste disposal system in
cell .
• When the cell gets damaged , lysosomes may burst
and enzymes digest their own cell .
• These are also called Suicide Bags of cell .

4. MITOCHONDRIA
• These are powerhouse of cell .
• It has two membranes .
• The inner membrane is deeply folded and outer membrane is
porous .
• Mitochondria generate ATP(Adenosine tri phosphate) which is
a form of energy .
• The inner foldings of Mitochondria increase surface area for
ATP generation.
• Mitochondria has its own DNA and ribosomes and hence they
make their own proteins .
• FUNCTIONS:
.It is the main seat for cell respiration and oxidation of food.

5. PLASTIDS
• Plastid is present only in
plant cell . These are of
three types . Plastids also
have its own DNA and
ribosomes .
• FUNCTIONS:
• Chloroplast trap the solar
energy for photosynthesis.
• Chromoplasts give colour
to flowers .
• Leucoplasts store food in
the form of starch.

6. VACUOLES
• These are the storage sacs .
• There are large vacuoles in plant cell but in animal
cell they are very small sized .
• These in plant cell occupies 50-90% volume .
• These provide rigidity to cell .
• Vacuoles include amino acids , sugars and proteins in
it .
• This help cell to perform respiration , clearing the
waste or to make new proteins .

7. CELL INCLUSIONS
• Cell inclusions are non living
materials present in the
cytoplasm .
• The common ones are stored
food, secretions, excretions
etc.

8. CELL DIVISION
• Cells are formed to grow and replace old and dead
cells .
• Cell Division is process by which new cells are
formed .
• These are of two types Mitosis and Meiosis .
• In mitosis mother cell divides to form two identical
daughter cells . The daughter cell have same
number of chromosomes as mother cell . It helps in
growth .
• Cells of reproductive organs divide to form
gametes , which after fertilization give rise to
offspring . This is Meiosis .
• When meiosis happens four new cells are formed .
New cells are half the number of chromosomes
than of mother .

9. ORGANELLES IN PLANT CELL

10. ORGANELLES IN ANIMAL CELL

11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL

12. SUMMARY
• ORGANELLES IN
CELL
• GOLGI APPARATUS
• LYSOSOMES
• MITOCHONDRIA
• PLASTIDS
• VACUOLES